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  1. Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) still challenge health systems around the world, even with advances in vaccination programs. The present study evaluated the frequency of various Spn serotypes ...

    Authors: Marta Inês Cazentini Medeiros, Samanta Cristine Grassi Almeida, Maria Luiza Leopoldo Silva Guerra, Paulo da Silva, Ana Maria Machado Carneiro and Denise de Andrade
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:590
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In immunocompromised patients, the chronicity rates of HBV infection are higher, but the rates of hepatitis Be antigen (HB...

    Authors: Fatima Mitiko Tengan, Edson Abdala, Marisa Nascimento, Wanderley Marques Bernardo and Antonio Alci Barone
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:587
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The PfEMP1 family of Plasmodium falciparum antigens play a key role in pathogenesis of severe malaria through their insertion into the surface of parasite infected erythrocytes, and adhesion to host cells. Previo...

    Authors: Abdirahman I. Abdi, Susanne H. Hodgson, Michelle K. Muthui, Cheryl A. Kivisi, Gathoni Kamuyu, Domtila Kimani, Stephen L. Hoffman, Elizabeth Juma, Bernhards Ogutu, Simon J. Draper, Faith Osier, Philip Bejon, Kevin Marsh and Peter C. Bull
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:585
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. It has been suggested that more than 100 bacterial species can be identified using only seven universal bacterial primer sets in the melting temperature (Tm) mapping method and that these findings can be obtai...

    Authors: Yoshitsugu Higashi, Shigeki Nakamura, Hideki Niimi, Tomohiro Ueno, Kaoru Matsumoto, Koyomi Kawago, Ippei Sakamaki, Isao Kitajima and Yoshihiro Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:584
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Human influenza represents a major public health concern, especially in south-east Asia where the risk of emergence and spread of novel influenza viruses is particularly high. The BaliMEI study aims to conduct...

    Authors: W. Adisasmito, S. N. Budayanti, D. N. Aisyah, T. Gallo Cassarino, J. W. Rudge, S. J. Watson, Z. Kozlakidis, G. J. D. Smith and R. Coker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:583
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Switch from first to second-line ART is recommended by WHO for patients with virologic failure. Delays in switching may contribute to accumulated drug resistance, advanced immunosuppression, increased morbidit...

    Authors: Victor Ssempijja, Gertrude Nakigozi, Larry Chang, Ron Gray, Maria Wawer, Anthony Ndyanabo, Jingo Kasule, David Serwadda, Barbara Castelnuovo, Anja van’t Hoog and Steven James Reynolds
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:582
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Persistent residual viremia (RV) and low grade inflammation and immune activation have been associated with non-AIDS defining events. The impact of persistent RV and HIV-DNA load on immune activation/inflammat...

    Authors: Francesca Falasca, Daniele Di Carlo, Corrado De Vito, Isabella Bon, Gabriella d’Ettorre, Alessandra Fantauzzi, Ivano Mezzaroma, Caterina Fimiani, Maria Carla Re, Vincenzo Vullo, Guido Antonelli and Ombretta Turriziani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:581
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Globally, almost 40% of tuberculosis (TB) patients remain undiagnosed, and those that are diagnosed often experience prolonged delays before initiating correct treatment, leading to ongoing transmission. While...

    Authors: Richard James, Keovathanak Khim, Lydia Boudarene, Joanne Yoong, Chea Phalla, Saly Saint, Pichenda Koeut, Tan Eang Mao, Richard Coker and Mishal Sameer Khan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:580
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Emergence of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains constitutes a significant public health problem worldwide. Prevalence of MDR tuberculosis from Chad is unavailable to date.

    Authors: Awa Ba Diallo, Gedeon W. Ossoga, Geraldine Daneau, Seynabou Lo, Richard Ngandolo, Colette Diguimbaye Djaibé, Barou Djouater, Souleymane Mboup, Bouke C. de Jong, Aissatou G. Diallo and Florian Gehre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:579
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in most parts of China are well under control now, in less developed areas such as Qinghai, TB still remains a major public health problem. This study aims to reveal...

    Authors: Huaxiang Rao, Xinyu Shi and Xi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:578
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), one the most common causes of genital ulcers, appears to increase both the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. HSV-2/HIV co-infection among pregnant women may inc...

    Authors: Jean Wysler Domercant, Frantz Jean Louis, Erin Hulland, Mark Griswold, Jocelyne Andre-Alboth, Tun Ye and Barbara J. Marston
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:577
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. In household contact investigations of tuberculosis (TB), a second tuberculin skin test (TST) obtained several weeks after a first negative result consistently identifies individuals that undergo TST conversio...

    Authors: Edward C. Jones-López, Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña, Geisa Fregona, Patricia Marques-Rodrigues, Laura F. White, David Jamil Hadad, Lucilia Pereira Dutra-Molina, Solange Vinhas, Avery I. McIntosh, Mary Gaeddert, Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Padmini Salgame, Moises Palaci, David Alland, Jerrold J. Ellner and Reynaldo Dietze
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:576
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Parenteral artesunate is the treatment of choice for severe malaria. Recently, haemolytic anaemia occurring 1 to 3 weeks after artesunate treatment of falciparum malaria has been reported in returning travellers ...

    Authors: C. Fanello, M. Onyamboko, S. J. Lee, C. Woodrow, S. Setaphan, K. Chotivanich, P. Buffet, S. Jauréguiberry, K. Rockett, K. Stepniewska, N. P. J. Day, N. J. White and A. M. Dondorp
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:575
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Reduction of accidental contamination of the near-patient environment has potential to reduce acquisition of healthcare-associated infection(s). Although medical gloves should be removed when soiled or touchin...

    Authors: S. Ali and A.P.R. Wilson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:574
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has posed additional challenges for global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts, as limite...

    Authors: Kefyalew Addis Alene, Hengzhong Yi, Kerri Viney, Emma S. McBryde, Kunyun Yang, Liqiong Bai, Darren J. Gray, Archie C. A. Clements and Zuhui Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:573
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Some reported that organizing pneumonia (OP) may occur after influenza A infections including swine-origin influenza A (H1N1). However, OP associated with influenza B infection has never been reported. We repo...

    Authors: Nobuhiro Asai, Toyoharu Yokoi, Naoya Nishiyama, Yusuke Koizumi, Daisuke Sakanashi, Hideo Kato, Mao Hagihara, Hiroyuki Suematsu, Yuka Yamagishi and Hiroshige Mikamo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:572
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. The implementation of rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a current global priority for TB control. However, data are scarce on patient-relevant outcomes for presumptive diagnosis of drug-resistant tube...

    Authors: D. M. P. Ramalho, P. F. C. Miranda, M. K. Andrade, T. Brígido, M. P. Dalcolmo, E. Mesquita, C. F. Dias, A. N. Gambirasio, J. Ueleres Braga, A. Detjen, P. P. J. Phillips, I. Langley, P. I. Fujiwara, S. B. Squire, M. M. Oliveira and A. L. Kritski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:571
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The existence of a bi-directional relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and insulin resistance (IR)/diabetes has been alluded to in literature. Although diabetes has been linked to increased tuberculosis risk...

    Authors: Lauren Philips, Janicke Visser, Daan Nel and Renée Blaauw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:570
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Rotavirus was the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children prior to the introduction of routine vaccination. Since 2006 there have been two licensed vaccines available; with s...

    Authors: Daniel Hungerford, Katie Smith, Angela Tucker, Miren Iturriza-Gómara, Roberto Vivancos, Catherine McLeonard, Nigel A Cunliffe and Neil French
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:569
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) has been shown to be protective against malaria. A growing literature suggests that malaria exposure can reduce educational attainment. This study assessed the relationship and interact...

    Authors: Kevin Croke, Deus S. Ishengoma, Filbert Francis, Julie Makani, Mathias L. Kamugisha, John Lusingu, Martha Lemnge, Horacio Larreguy, Günther Fink and Bruno P. Mmbando
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:568
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Reducing delay to accessing care is necessary to reduce the Tuberculosis (TB) burden in high incidence countries such as India. This study aimed to identify factors associated with delays in seeking care for T...

    Authors: Sarah E. Van Ness, Ankit Chandra, Sonali Sarkar, Jane Pleskunas, Jerrold J. Ellner, Gautam Roy, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, Swaroop Sahu, C. Robert Horsburgh Jr, Helen E. Jenkins and Natasha S. Hochberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:567
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. HBV reactivation is associated with high mortality rates in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and prophylactic lamivudine (LMV) treatment is suggested to prevent this phenomenon. However, the dura...

    Authors: C. Cerva, G. Maffongelli, V. Svicher, R. Salpini, L. Colagrossi, A. Battisti, B. Mariotti, R. Cerretti, L. Cudillo and L. Sarmati
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:566
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy is developing a national antimicrobial stewardship registry. This registry will report both the quality of antibiotic use in hospitals in the Netherlands and the st...

    Authors: Marvin AH Berrevoets, Jaap ten Oever, Tom Sprong, Reinier M van Hest, Ingeborg Groothuis, Inger van Heijl, Jeroen A Schouten, Marlies E Hulscher and Bart-Jan Kullberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:565
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Shortly after the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendation and hence the reimbursement of vaccination costs for the respective age groups in Germany in 2007, changes in the incidence of anogenital war...

    Authors: Kathrin Thöne, Johannes Horn and Rafael Mikolajczyk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:564
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The presence of more than one bacterial agent is relatively rare in infective endocarditis, although more common in prosthetic cases. Molecular diagnosis from a removed heart tissue is considered a quick and e...

    Authors: Iva Kotaskova, Petr Nemec, Martina Vanerkova, Barbora Malisova, Renata Tejkalova, Marek Orban, Vita Zampachova and Tomas Freiberger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:563
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in Madagascar. A crucial element of TB control is the development of an easy and rapid method for the orientation of TB control strategies in the country. Our ...

    Authors: Noël Harijaona Ratovonirina, Niaina Rakotosamimanana, Solohery Lalaina Razafimahatratra, Mamy Serge Raherison, Guislaine Refrégier, Christophe Sola, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana and Voahangy Rasolofo Razanamparany
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:562
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a food and water-borne virus causing clinical (mainly hepatitis) and subclinical disease in humans. It is important to characterize circulating strains of HAV in order to prevent HAV...

    Authors: Huseyin Yilmaz, Asiye Karakullukcu, Nuri Turan, Utku Y. Cizmecigil, Aysun Yilmaz, Ayse A. Ozkul, Ozge Aydin, Alper Gunduz, Mahmut Mete, Fadile Y. Zeyrek, Taner T. Kirazoglu, Juergen A. Richt and Bekir Kocazeybek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:561
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Henan Province has been in the malaria elimination stage, with all reports of the disease being imported since 2012 and over 90% coming from Africa. Surveillance and population studies are essential for the ea...

    Authors: Chengyun Yang, Hongwei Zhang, Ruimin Zhou, Dan Qian, Ying Liu, Yuling Zhao, Suhua Li and Bianli Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:560
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Skin ulcers in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) may heal spontaneously after months/years. However, few cases may present quick heal even during diagnosis procedure (early spontaneous healing- ESH). The ...

    Authors: Carla Oliveira-Ribeiro, Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes Oliveira, Aline Fagundes, Maria de Fatima Madeira, Cintia Xavier Mello, Eliame Mouta-Confort, Claudia Maria Valete-Rosalino, Erica de Camargo Ferreira Vasconcellos, Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra, Leonardo Pereira Quintella, Liliane de Fatima Antonio, Armando Schubach and Fatima Conceição-Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:559
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. In multidrug regimens, including an intravenous aminoglycoside (e.g. amikacin [AMK]) is recommended for difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, ...

    Authors: Kazuma Yagi, Makoto Ishii, Ho Namkoong, Takahiro Asami, Osamu Iketani, Takanori Asakura, Shoji Suzuki, Hiroaki Sugiura, Yoshitake Yamada, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Yohei Funatsu, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Tetsuro Kamo, Sadatomo Tasaka, Tomoko Betsuyaku…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:558
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. UNAIDS calls for fewer than 500,000 new HIV infections/year by 2020, with treatment-as-prevention being a key part of their strategy for achieving the target. A better understanding of the contribution to tran...

    Authors: Nicky McCreesh, Ioannis Andrianakis, Rebecca N. Nsubuga, Mark Strong, Ian Vernon, Trevelyan J. McKinley, Jeremy E. Oakley, Michael Goldstein, Richard Hayes and Richard G. White
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:557
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In the aftermath of the largest Q fever outbreak in the world, diagnosing the potentially lethal complication chronic Q fever remains challenging. PCR, Coxiella burnetii IgG phase I antibodies, CRP and 18F–FDG-PE...

    Authors: Anne F. M. Jansen, Teske Schoffelen, Julien Textoris, Jean-Louis Mege, Marrigje Nabuurs-Franssen, Ruud P. H. Raijmakers, Mihai G. Netea, Leo A. B. Joosten, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers and Marcel van Deuren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:556
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis (TB) has posed a great threat to global health and finance systems, especially for developing countries with high TB and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) TB burden.

    Authors: Xiao-chun He, Ning-ning Tao, Yao Liu, Xian-xin Zhang and Huai-chen Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:555
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is an acute-phase protein involved in inflammatory and infectious processes. This study assesses its diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with sepsis or septic shock in a medical int...

    Authors: Sonja Hamed, Michael Behnes, Dominic Pauly, Dominic Lepiorz, Max Barre, Tobias Becher, Siegfried Lang, Ibrahim Akin, Martin Borggrefe, Thomas Bertsch and Ursula Hoffmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:554
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract is commonly described and usually thought to be of no clinical significance. The aim of this study was to examine the presence and significance of bacteria and v...

    Authors: C. Raina MacIntyre, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Yi Zhang, Holly Seale, Peng Yang, Joshua Chen, Yang Pan, Daitao Zhang and Quanyi Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:553
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Data on the cost effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and vaccination strategies for prevention of vertical transmission of HBV in resource limited settings is sparse.

    Authors: Angela Devine, Rebecca Harvey, Aung Myat Min, Mary Ellen T. Gilder, Moo Koh Paw, Joy Kang, Isabella Watts, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, François Nosten and Rose McGready
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:552
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Aim of this review is to focus the attention on people living with HIV infection at risk of developing a cardiovascular event. What is or what would be the most suitable antiretroviral therapy? Which statin or...

    Authors: Paolo Maggi, Antonio Di Biagio, Stefano Rusconi, Stefania Cicalini, Maurizio D’Abbraccio, Gabriella d’Ettorre, Canio Martinelli, Giuseppe Nunnari, Laura Sighinolfi, Vincenzo Spagnuolo and Nicola Squillace
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:551
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Improved treatment options of HIV have resulted in regular physical activities of many HIV-infected patients. However, data on effects of sports in HIV-patients are scarce.

    Authors: Stefan Schlabe, Martin Vogel, Christoph Boesecke, Carolynne Schwarze-Zander, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Christian Körner, Klara Brixius and Jan-Christian Wasmuth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:550
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Biosurveillance, a relatively young field, has recently increased in importance because of increasing emphasis on global health. Databases and tools describing particular subsets of disease are becoming increa...

    Authors: Ashlynn R. Daughton, Reid Priedhorsky, Geoffrey Fairchild, Nicholas Generous, Andrea Hengartner, Esteban Abeyta, Nileena Velappan, Antonietta Lillo, Karen Stark and Alina Deshpande
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:549
    Content type: Database Published on:

  41. Rapid diagnosis of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is pivotal for the timely initiation of effective antibiotic treatment to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains. The development of low-cost, rapi...

    Authors: El Mehdi Bentaleb, My Driss El Messaoudi, Mohammed Abid, Malika Messaoudi, Ali K. Yetisen, Hassan Sefrioui, Saaïd Amzazi and Hassan Ait Benhassou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:548
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Health workers (HWs) in resource-limited settings are at high-risk of exposure to tuberculosis (TB) at work. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of TB disease among HWs in the Free State Province of...

    Authors: Lyndsay M. O’Hara, Annalee Yassi, Muzimkhulu Zungu, Molebogeng Malotle, Elizabeth A. Bryce, Stephen J. Barker, Lincoln Darwin and J. Mark FitzGerald
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:547
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Tuberculosis (TB) is now the world’s leading infectious killer and major programmatic advances will be needed if we are to meet the ambitious new End TB Targets. Although mathematical models are powerful tools...

    Authors: James McCracken Trauer, Romain Ragonnet, Tan Nhut Doan and Emma Sue McBryde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:546
    Content type: Software Published on:

  44. Since 20% of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients are asymptomatic, the early detection of PTB is a challenge particularly in sputum-scarce patients and diagnostic accuracy based solely on clinical characteri...

    Authors: Liping Yan, Qing Zhang and Heping Xiao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:545
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. There are very few studies on reasons for loss to follow-up from TB treatment in Central Asia. This study assessed risk factors for LTFU and compared their occurrence with successfully treated (ST) patients in...

    Authors: Jessica Wohlleben, Mavluda Makhmudova, Firuza Saidova, Shahnoza Azamova, Christina Mergenthaler and Suzanne Verver
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:543
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Culture contamination with environmental bacteria is a major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) laboratories in hot and humid climate zones. We studied the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) preservation on ...

    Authors: Hellen Hiza, Basra Doulla, Mohamed Sasamalo, Jerry Hella, Lujeko Kamwela, Francis Mhimbira, Klaus Reither, Sebastien Gagneux, Levan Jugheli and Lukas Fenner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:542
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavior-based interventions are particularly vulnerable to post-randomization changes between study arms. We assess the impact of such a change in a large, multicenter s...

    Authors: Eric T. Lofgren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:539
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was first reported in China in 2011. Human-to-human transmission of the virus occurred occasionally in family clusters. However, pneumonia as an onset syndrom...

    Authors: Yiyi Zhu, Huanyu Wu, Jie Gao, Xin Zhou, Renyi Zhu, Chunzhe Zhang, Hongling Bai, Abu S. Abdullah and Hao Pan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:537
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Candidemia is the worldwide life-threaten disease, especially in cancer patients. This study was aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors of candidemia in cancer patients, which will prompt the improvem...

    Authors: Ding Li, Rui Xia, Qing Zhang, Changsen Bai, Zheng Li and Peng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:536
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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