Articles

Imbalanced IL10/TGF-β production by regulatory T-lymphocytes in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), also denominated Human T-cell leukemia virus-1, induces immune activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, especially in individuals with HTLV-1-asso...

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Seasonal distribution and upsurge of respiratory viruses among indigenous tribes with ILI and SARI in a far-flung Car Nicobar Island

Respiratory viral illnesses among children are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal pattern and surge of respiratory viruses...

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Adverse events during intravenous fosfomycin therapy in a real-life scenario. Risk factors and the potential role of therapeutic drug monitoring

Intravenous fosfomycin (IVFOF) is gaining interest in severe infections. Its use may be limited by adverse events (AEs). Little experience exists on IVFOF therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in real-life setting.

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Comparison of clinical outcomes of pulmonary nocardiosis between AIDS and non-AIDS patients

Nocardia species can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised people.

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Duration of effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in Japan: a retrospective cohort study using large-scale population-based registry data

Most evidence of the waning of vaccine effectiveness is limited to a relatively short period after vaccination.

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Real-world evidence of a novel tetravalent immunoglobulin Y effectiveness and safety in patients with the refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Refractory Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection inevitably increase the difficulty of drug selection. Here, we described our experience with the use of a novel tetravalent IgY against H. pylori for the treat...

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The development and implementation of a proficiency testing program for SARS-CoV-2 using dried tube specimens in resource-limited countries

When COVID-19 hit the world in 2019, an enhanced focus on diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 was essential for a successful pandemic response. Testing laboratories stretched their capabilities for the new coron...

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Fatal co-infection by multiple pathogens in an indigenous woman with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and tuberculosis: a case report

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, has a higher incidence among indigenous people. Albeit uncommon, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been deemed a risk condition to develop ...

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The effect of late presentation on HIV related mortality among adolescents in public hospitals of north showa zone Oromiya, Ethiopia; 2022: a retrospective cohort study

Late human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis is the most prominent cause of HIV/AIDS-related mortality and also increases the risk of transmission and spread of the disease in society. Adolescents are the...

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Malassezia restricta as an unexpected cause of infectious osteomyelitis diagnosed by metagenomic sequencing: a case report and literature review

Malassezia restricta, a lipophilic and lipodependent yeast belonging to the basidiomycetes group, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis and dan...

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Vaccination intentions of hypertensive Chinese individuals during the COVID-19 epidemic: a structural equation modeling study

Given the high prevalence of hypertension among Chinese adults, this population is at a significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19 complications. The purpose of this study is to assess the willingness of ...

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Clinical features and viral load variations of Mpox: a retrospective study in Chongqing, China

Since May 2022, Mpox has spread extensively outside of Africa, posing a serious threat to the health of people globally, and particularly to the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Chongqing, a provinc...

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Recent increase in atypical presentations of invasive meningococcal disease in France

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases declined upon the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) (social distancing and mask wearing) to control the COVID-19 pandemic but rebounded in 2022...

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Association between COVID-19 convalescent plasma antibody levels and COVID-19 outcomes stratified by clinical status at presentation

There is a need to understand the relationship between COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and clinical outcomes to optimize CCP use. This study aims to evaluate the relationship betw...

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The non-invasive serum biomarkers contributes to indicate liver fibrosis staging and evaluate the progress of chronic hepatitis B

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic abilities of the non-invasive serum biomarkers to predict liver fibrosis staging and evaluate the progress of hepatitis B.

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Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case–control study

Chronic lung disease is a major cause of morbidity in African children with HIV infection; however, the microbial determinants of HIV-associated chronic lung disease (HCLD) remain poorly understood. We conduct...

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Metabolism of FAD, FMN and riboflavin (vitamin B2) in the human parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. The intravascular worms acquire the nutrients necessary for their survival from host blood. Since all animals are auxotrophic ...

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Global patterns of rebound to normal RSV dynamics following COVID-19 suppression

Annual epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) had consistent timing and intensity between seasons prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19). However, starting in April 2020, RSV seasonal activity dec...

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Impact of Vancomycin trough levels monitoring on uncomplicated methilcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis, retrospective cohort

CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD) with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia present high morbidity, mortality and increased risk of MRSA. Vancomycin is the antibiotic of choice in these cases, it has a narrow th...

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Performance of fine needle aspiration cytology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis

Proper diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) lymphadenitis is critical for its treatment and prevention. Fine needle aspirate cytology (FNAC) is the mainstay method for the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis in Ethiopia; ...

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Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals: a point prevalence survey in Lombardy, Italy, in 2022

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are a global public health issue, representing a significant burden of disease that leads to prolonged hospital stays, inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, intricat...

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Evaluating the antibacterial effect of meropenem-loaded chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles on Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized patients

Acinetobacter baumannii is a health threat due to its antibiotic resistance. Herein, antibiotic susceptibility and its association with the Toxin-antitoxin (TA) system genes in A. baumannii clinical isolates from...

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Hypertension and immune activation in antiretroviral therapy naïve people living with human immunodeficiency virus

The pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) is complex and remains not fully understood. Chronic immune activation (IA) is postulated to be one of the culprits. This notion is...

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Correction: Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol

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Infection prevention and control of highly infectious pathogens in resource-limited countries: an experience from Marburg viral disease outbreak in Kagera Region - Tanzania

Marburg viral disease (MVD) is a highly infectious disease with a case fatality rate of up to 90%, particularly impacting resource-limited countries where implementing Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) me...

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Multi-state Markov model for time to treatment changes for HIV/AIDS patients: a retrospective cohort national datasets, Ethiopia

Virological failure, drug resistance, toxicities, and other issues make it difficult for ART to maintain long-term sustainability. These issues would force a modification in the patient's treatment plan. The a...

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The etiological diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in suspected community-acquired pneumonia

The emergence of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may provide a promising tool for early and comprehensive identification of the causative pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this s...

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Mortality in clostridioides difficile infection among patients hospitalized at the university clinical hospital in Wroclaw, Poland – a 3-year observational study

In the last two decades, a significant increase in the number of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) cases has been observed. It is understandable to attempt to determine the factors that can predict the ...

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Association between time to surgery and hospital mortality in patients with community-acquired limb necrotizing fasciitis: an 11-year multicenter retrospective cohort analysis

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection. The objective of this study was to assess the association between timely surgery within 6 h and hospital mortality i...

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Effect of women empowerment on treatment seeking practice for sexually transmitted infections among women in Ethiopia

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are public health problems in Ethiopia. Women have a higher chance of acquiring STI. STI complications are more severe in women compared to men. Despite that, treatment se...

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Spectrum and antimicrobial resistance in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pneumonia: a cross-sectional prospective study from Vietnam

Respiratory infections have long been recognized as a primary cause of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD). Additionally, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to ...

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Correction: Assessment of fever screening at airports in detecting domestic passengers infected with SARS-CoV-2, 2020–2022, Okinawa prefecture, Japan

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Hepatitis B virus infection as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Currently, several studies have observed that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with the pathogenesis of kidney disease. However, the extent of the correlation between hepatitis B virus infecti...

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The causal relationship between blood cell indices and 28-day mortality in sepsis: a retrospective study and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

Despite emerging evidence linking blood cell indices (BCIs) to sepsis mortality, the inconsistency of observational studies obscures the clarity of these associations. This study aims to clarify the causal inf...

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Combined clinical significance of MRI and serum mannose-binding lectin in the prediction of spinal tuberculosis

Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is a local manifestation of systemic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, accounting for a significant proportion of joint tuberculosis cases. This study aimed to explore t...

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Model correction of diagnostic coding-based RSV incidence for children 0–4 years in the US

Although administrative claims data have a high degree of completeness, not all medically attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus-associated lower respiratory tract infections (RSV-LRTIs) are tested or coded for ...

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Genetic variation of TLR3 gene is associated with the outcome of hepatitis b infection in mauritanian patients: case control study

Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the immune response during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we evaluated the association between two SNP variants (TLR3 rs3775290 and TLR4 ...

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Relationship of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, monocyte lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil monocyte ratio with treatment response in pulmonary tuberculosis patients during intensive phase treatment

To determine the relationship of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR) with treatment response in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients during ...

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Fever of unknown origin revealing testicular nocardiosis: a case report and literature review

Nocardia is an ubiquitous soil organism. As an opportunistic pathogen, inhalation and skin inoculation are the most common routes of infection. Lungs and skin are the most frequent sites of nocardiosis. Testis is...

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Clinically inapparent mpox virus (MPXV) infections among clients of three anonymous Community Based Voluntary Counselling and Testing centres in Berlin, Germany, 2022–2023

Since the mpox outbreak in 2022, it was unclear if and how often infections with mpox virus (MPXV) were clinically inapparent, i.e. not presenting to clinical care with mpox symptoms. Moreover, it was hypothes...

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T cell-mediated Immune response and correlates of inflammation and their relationship with COVID-19 clinical severity: not an intuitive guess

Predictors of the outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain to be fully determined. We evaluated selected viral characteristics and immunological responses that m...

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Advanced HIV disease and associated factors among young people aged 15—24 years at a tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study

Advanced HIV disease (AHD) in young people living with HIV (PLHIV) is an increasingly pressing public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global progress in early HIV testing and reducing HIV-related d...

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Comparison of gene set scoring methods for reproducible evaluation of tuberculosis gene signatures

Blood-based transcriptional gene signatures for tuberculosis (TB) have been developed with potential use to diagnose disease. However, an unresolved issue is whether gene set enrichment analysis of the signatu...

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Recent HIV infection and associated factors among newly diagnosed HIV cases in the Southwest Ethiopia Regional State: HIV case-based surveillance analysis (2019–2022)

Globally, there were an estimated 39 million people living with HIV with 1.3 million new HIV infections by the end of 2023. The Sub-Saharan Africa accounted 51% of new HIV infections. HIV case-based Surveillan...

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The mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between self-care and planned behavior against Covid-19

Planned behaviors and self-care against the coronavirus are two important factor in controlling its spread and self-care behaviors depend on the level of health literacy. This research was conducted to determi...

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Elixhauser comorbidity method in predicting death of Spanish inpatients with asplenia and pneumococcal pneumonia

Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) is a serious infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to analyze the comorbidity factors ...

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A designathon to co-create HPV screening and vaccination approaches for mothers and daughters in Nigeria: findings from a community-led participatory event

Oncogenic types of human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause substantial morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Nigeria has low cervical cancer screening and vaccination rates, suggesting the need for community ...

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Severe pneumonia with pleural effusion caused by co-infection of Paecilomyces variotii and Penicillium oxalicum in a diabetic patient

and Penicillium are considered as rare opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and pneumonia caused by Paecilomyces and Penicillium is rare. In this study, we present first case of severe pneumonia wi...

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Unusual Cutibacterium acnes splenic abscess with bacteremia in an immunocompetent man: phylotyping and clonal complex analysis

Cutibacterium acnes is an anaerobic bacterium mostly implicated in cutaneous and body-implant infections. Splenic abscess is a rare entity and C. acnes abscesses have only exceptionally been reported. We describe...

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