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  1. Recent studies have found high prevalences of asymptomatic rectal chlamydia among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Chlamydia could increase the infectivity of HIV and the susceptibility to HIV inf...

    Authors: Maria Xiridou, Henrike J Vriend, Anna K Lugner, Jacco Wallinga, Johannes S Fennema, Jan M Prins, Suzanne E Geerlings, Bart JA Rijnders, Maria Prins, Henry JC de Vries, Maarten J Postma, Maaike G van Veen, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff and Marianne AB van der Sande
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Pandemic influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity and distribution agility is enhanced through the availability of equivalent antigen-sparing vaccines. We evaluated equivalence in terms of immunogenicity betwe...

    Authors: Odile Launay, Xavier Duval, Serge Fitoussi, Wolfgang Jilg, Angkool Kerdpanich, May Montellano, Tino F Schwarz, Veerachai Watanveerade, Jürgen J Wenzel, Gerard Zalcman, Vinod Bambure, Ping Li, Adrian Caplanusi, Anuradha Madan, Paul Gillard and David W Vaughn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:435
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Viruses contribute significantly to pneumonia burden, although data for low-income and tropical countries are scarce. The ai...

    Authors: Paul Turner, Claudia Turner, Wanitda Watthanaworawit, Verena Carrara, Naw Cicelia, Carole Deglise, Christina Phares, Luis Ortega and Francois Nosten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (non-SARS)-related human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-229E, -HKU1, -NL63, and -OC43, have been detected in respiratory tract samples from children and adults. How...

    Authors: Weimin Zhou, Wen Wang, Huijuan Wang, Roujian Lu and Wenjie Tan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:433
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Lack of rapid and reliable susceptibility testing for second-line drugs used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) may limit treatment success.

    Authors: Stellah G Mpagama, Eric R Houpt, Suzanne Stroup, Happiness Kumburu, Jean Gratz, Gibson S Kibiki and Scott K Heysell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:432
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality and suffering worldwide, with over 95% of TB deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In recent years, molecular typing methods have been widely use...

    Authors: Jean Paul Assam Assam, Véronique Penlap Beng, Fidelis Cho-Ngwa, Michel Toukam, Ane-Anyangwe Irene Ngoh, Mercy Kitavi, Inoster Nzuki, Juliette N Nyonka, Emilienne Tata, Jean Claude Tedom, Robert A Skilton, Roger Pelle and Vincent P K Titanji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:431
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The immunologic status of a newly diagnosed HIV positive population in the era of antiretroviral therapy in China has not been extensively evaluated. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the CD4 c...

    Authors: Yinzhong Shen, Hongzhou Lu, Zhenyan Wang, Tangkai Qi and Jiangrong Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:429
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Despite a resurgence in control efforts, malaria remains a serious public-health problem, causing millions of deaths each year. One factor that complicates malaria-control efforts is clinical immunity, the acq...

    Authors: Lindsay T Keegan and Jonathan Dushoff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:428
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline to diagnose smear-negative tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-prevalent settings was mainly based on expert advice and therefore requires evaluation in real life situat...

    Authors: Gemeda Abebe, Amare Deribew, Ludwig Apers, Alemseged Abdissa, Yibeltal Kiflie, Olivier Koole and Robert Colebunders
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:427
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Syphilis is an important sexually transmitted infection (STI) with serious public health consequences. Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, the prevalence and incidence are extraordinarily high. Curr...

    Authors: Robert G Deiss, Segundo R Leon, Kelika A Konda, Brandon Brown, Eddy R Segura, Jerome T Galea, Carlos F Caceres and Jeffrey D Klausner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:426
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  12. Despite two decades of interventions, rates of sexually transmissible infections (STI) in remote Australian Aboriginal communities remain unacceptably high. Routine notifications data from 2011 indicate rates ...

    Authors: James Ward, Skye McGregor, Rebecca J Guy, Alice R Rumbold, Linda Garton, Bronwyn J Silver, Debbie Taylor-Thomson, Belinda Hengel, Janet Knox, Amalie Dyda, Matthew G Law, Handan Wand, Basil Donovan, Christopher K Fairley, Steven Skov, Donna Ah Chee…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:425
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gancyclovir (GCV) treatment for severe cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated pneumonia in immunocompetent children.

    Authors: Thanh Thi Mai Doan, Thuy Thi Bich Phung, Hung Viet Pham, Son Hong Pham and Liem Thanh Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:424
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. T cells are closely linked to the clinical manifestations of subjects with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. T cell receptor beta variable (TCRBV) is a signal and indicative molecule on the membrane of ...

    Authors: Jiezuan Yang, Jianqin He, Haijun Huang, Zhongkang Ji, Li Wei, Ping Ye, Kaijin Xu and Lanjuan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:423
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired in early childhood and persists for life (or until eradication treatment is taken). Seropositivity of H. pylori at age 49-51 years was assessed in relation to socio-econ...

    Authors: Mark S Pearce, David I Campbell, Kay D Mann, Louise Parker and Julian E Thomas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:422
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Sporadic hepatitis E has become an important public health concern in China. Accurate forecasting of the incidence of hepatitis E is needed to better plan future medical needs. Few mathematical models can be u...

    Authors: Hong Ren, Jian Li, Zheng-An Yuan, Jia-Yu Hu, Yan Yu and Yi-Han Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:421
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci [GBS]) may transfer this microorganism to their newborns. S. agalactiae is an important cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in new...

    Authors: Saeed Tajbakhsh, Marjan Norouzi Esfahani, Mohammad Emaneini, Niloofar Motamed, Elham Rahmani and Somayyeh Gharibi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:420
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common causes of protozoan diarrhea that lead to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia duode...

    Authors: Teklu Wegayehu, Haileeyesus Adamu and Beyene Petros
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:419
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Childhood diarrheal diseases remain highly endemic in developing areas of Brazil. The importance of Escherichia coli among children with diarrhea in these areas was unknown. This study determined the prevalence o...

    Authors: Diego M Lozer, Tamara B Souza, Mariane V Monfardini, Fernando Vicentini, Sônia S Kitagawa, Isabel C A Scaletsky and Liliana C Spano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:418
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Enterobacter cloacae (E.cloacae) bloodstream infection (EcBSI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence in our hospital. We wanted to elucidate the risk factors of mortality...

    Authors: Chang-Hua Chen and Chieh-Chen Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:417
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Paradoxical reactions from antibiotic treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans have recently been recognized. Data is lacking regarding their incidence, clinical and diagnostic features, treatment, outcomes and risk f...

    Authors: Daniel P O’Brien, Mike Robson, N Deborah Friedman, Aaron Walton, Anthony McDonald, Peter Callan, Andrew Hughes, Richard Rahdon and Eugene Athan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:416
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The occurrence of antibiotic resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates is a serious public health problem in different corners of the globe. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibil...

    Authors: Martha Tibebu, Ambachew Shibabaw, Girmay Medhin and Afework Kassu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:415
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, but its role as a predictive marker in HIV-positive patients remains unclear. ...

    Authors: Andrea De Luca, Katleen de Gaetano Donati, Manuela Colafigli, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Amalia De Curtis, Andrea Gori, Laura Sighinolfi, Andrea Giacometti, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Alessandro D’Avino, Licia Iacoviello, Roberto Cauda and Antonella D’Arminio Monforte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:414
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Chronic Q fever usually presents as endocarditis or endovascular infection. We investigated whether 18F-FDG PET/CT and echocardiography were able to detect the localization of infection. Also, the utility of the ...

    Authors: Dennis G Barten, Corine E Delsing, Stephan P Keijmel, Tom Sprong, Janneke Timmermans, Wim JG Oyen, Marrigje H Nabuurs-Franssen and Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:413
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. Identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to deter...

    Authors: Zengzhi Ren, Yuanmei Kong, Jun Wang, Qianqian Wang, Ailong Huang and Hongmei Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:412
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii cause coccidioidomycosis, a disease that is endemic to North and South America, but for Central America, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has not been clearly established...

    Authors: Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, Gerardo Zúñiga, María Guadalupe Frías-De-León, Cristina Canteros, Laura Rosio Castañón-Olivares and María Rocío del Reyes-Montes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:411
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. An outbreak of serotype 1 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) occurred in Central Australia from October 2010 to the latter part of 2012. Surveillance of serotype 1 carriage was conducted to determine epidemio...

    Authors: Jana YR Lai, Heather Cook, Teem-Wing Yip, Jeanette Berthelsen, Stephen Gourley, Vicki Krause, Helen Smith, Amanda J Leach and Heidi Smith-Vaughan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:409
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Anthrax had become extremely rare in Europe, but in 2010 an outbreak of anthrax among heroin users in Scotland increased awareness of contaminated heroin as a source of anthrax. We present the first two Danish...

    Authors: Lene Russell, Michael Pedersen, Andreas V Jensen, Lillian Marie Søes and Ann-Brit Eg Hansen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:408
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine permits diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) to be made in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. This can b...

    Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Keertan Dheda, Andrew D Kerkhoff, Jonathan G Peter, Susan Dorman, Catharina C Boehme and Mark P Nicol
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:407
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  31. The genus Chromobacterium consists of 7 recognized species. Among those, only C. violaceum, commonly found in the soil and water of tropical and subtropical regions, has been shown to cause human infection. Altho...

    Authors: Megumi Okada, Ryota Inokuchi, Kazuaki Shinohara, Akinori Matsumoto, Yuko Ono, Masashi Narita, Tokiya Ishida, Chiba Kazuki, Susumu Nakajima and Naoki Yahagi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:406
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as pivotal players in innate immunity, especially in the defense against viral infections and tumors. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) – an important recogniti...

    Authors: Yongjun Jiang, Ou Chen, Chen Cui, Bin Zhao, Xiaoxu Han, Zining Zhang, Jing Liu, Junjie Xu, Qinghai Hu, Christina Liao and Hong Shang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:405
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Flexible bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is a useful procedure for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), when a patient cannot produce sputum spontaneously or when sputum smears are negative. However, ...

    Authors: Hongseok Yoo, Jae-Uk Song, Won-Jung Koh, Kyeongman Jeon, Sang-Won Um, Gee Young Suh, Man Pyo Chung, Hojoong Kim, O Jung Kwon, Nam Yong Lee, Sookyoung Woo and Hye Yun Park
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:404
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. In Australia, higher rates of chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg) have been reported among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) compared with non-Indigenous people. In 2000, the Australian government imp...

    Authors: Simon Graham, Rebecca J Guy, Benjamin Cowie, Handan C Wand, Basil Donovan, Snehal P Akre and James S Ward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:403
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Non-touch fittings have been reported to be susceptible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa accumulation. A number of factors may contribute to this, including the frequency of usage, duration of water stagnation, or pres...

    Authors: Miranda Suchomel, Magda Diab-Elschahawi, Michael Kundi and Ojan Assadian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:402
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Adherence to Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a major predictor of the success of HIV/AIDS treatment. Good adherence to HAART is necessary to achieve the best virologic response, lower the risk ...

    Authors: Afiong O Oku, Eme T Owoaje, Olusimbo K Ige and Angela Oyo-ita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:401
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common agent of septic arthritis that is a severe, rapidly progressive and destructive joint disease. Superantigens produced by S. aureus are considered the major arthritogenic ...

    Authors: Priscila Maria Colavite-Machado, Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa, Thaís Graziela Donegá França, Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Larissa Camargo da Rosa, Fernanda Chiuso-Minicucci, Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet and Alexandrina Sartori
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:400
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Assessing whether hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased inflammation is complex. The liver, integral to inflammatory biomarker synthesis, is compro...

    Authors: Kaku A Armah, Emily K Quinn, Debbie M Cheng, Russell P Tracy, Jason V Baker, Jeffrey H Samet and Matthew S Freiberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:399
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM), a severe infection with a high fatality rate, develops in mediastinal spaces due mainly to deep cervical abscesses. The majority of causative microbes of DNM are Strept...

    Authors: Takahito Nei, Shunta Inai, Iwao Mikami, Akira Sato, Junichi Okamoto, Kazuhiko Yokoshima, Munenaga Nakamizo, Shuji Haraguchi, Kazunari Sonobe and Ryoichi Saito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:398
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex circulating in patients with no known risk factors for multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) living i...

    Authors: Francesca Barletta, Larissa Otero, Jimena Collantes, Belisa Asto, Bouke C de Jong, Carlos Seas and Leen Rigouts
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:397
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon pathology characterized by the acute onset of headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, seizures and focal neurological deficits. It was init...

    Authors: Sarah C Sasson, Aileen Oon, Joga Chagantri, Bruce J Brew and Andrew Carr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:396
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. Adherence is one of the most important determinants of viral suppression and drug resistance in HIV-infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

    Authors: Sylvia Kiwuwa-Muyingo, Hannu Oja, Ann Sarah Walker, Pauliina Ilmonen, Jonathan Levin, Ivan Mambule, Andrew Reid, Peter Mugyenyi and Jim Todd
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:395
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV), characterized by increased levels of serum HBV DNA, abnormal liver function and hepatic failure, is a frequent complication of immunosuppressive therapy and chemotherap...

    Authors: Wenjun Du, Zhaomin Zheng, Shaolei Han, Shumin Ma and Shijun Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:394
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to death in up to 30% of patients and leaves up to half of the survivors with neurological sequelae. The inflammatory host reaction initiates the indu...

    Authors: Denise C Zysset-Burri, Caroline L Bellac, Stephen L Leib and Matthias Wittwer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:393
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Young children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a high risk of disease progression following infection. This study aimed to determine risk factors for M. tuberculosis infection and disease in children f...

    Authors: James A Seddon, Anneke C Hesseling, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Katherine Fielding and H Simon Schaaf
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:392
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Interruption of measles transmission was achieved in Catalonia (Spain) in 2000. Six years later, a measles outbreak occurred between August 2006 and June 2007 with 381 cases, 11 of whom were health care worker...

    Authors: Luis Urbiztondo, Eva Borràs, Josep Costa, Sonia Broner, Magda Campins, José María Bayas, María Esteve and Angela Domínguez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:391
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Despite increases in HIV testing, only a fraction of people newly diagnosed with HIV infection enter the care system and initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. We report on the design and initi...

    Authors: Ingrid V Bassett, Janet Giddy, Christine E Chaisson, Douglas Ross, Laura M Bogart, Sharon M Coleman, Tessa Govender, Marion Robine, Alison Erlwanger, Kenneth A Freedberg, Jeffrey N Katz, Rochelle P Walensky and Elena Losina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:390
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Blastocystis sp. are among the most commonly observed intestinal parasites in routine clinical parasitology. Blastocystis in humans consists of at least 9 genetic subtypes. Different subtypes of Blastocystis may...

    Authors: Aldert Bart, Ellen MS Wentink-Bonnema, Henk Gilis, Nienke Verhaar, Carla JA Wassenaar, Michèle van Vugt, Abraham Goorhuis and Tom van Gool
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:389
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. There are no accurate data regarding the real prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Spain. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infections and the risk factors for acquiring them a...

    Authors: Carlos Fernández-Benítez, Patricia Mejuto-López, Luis Otero-Guerra, Mario Juan Margolles-Martins, Pilar Suárez-Leiva and Fernando Vazquez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:388
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Australia uses acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance to monitor its polio-free status. The World Health Organization criterion for a sensitive AFP surveillance system is the annual detection of at least o...

    Authors: Linda K Hobday, Bruce R Thorley, Janet Alexander, Thomas Aitken, Peter D Massey, Michelle Cretikos, Anthony Slater and David N Durrheim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:384
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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BMC Infectious Diseases

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