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  1. The implementation of rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a current global priority for TB control. However, data are scarce on patient-relevant outcomes for presumptive diagnosis of drug-resistant tube...

    Authors: D. M. P. Ramalho, P. F. C. Miranda, M. K. Andrade, T. Brígido, M. P. Dalcolmo, E. Mesquita, C. F. Dias, A. N. Gambirasio, J. Ueleres Braga, A. Detjen, P. P. J. Phillips, I. Langley, P. I. Fujiwara, S. B. Squire, M. M. Oliveira and A. L. Kritski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:571
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Rotavirus was the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children prior to the introduction of routine vaccination. Since 2006 there have been two licensed vaccines available; with s...

    Authors: Daniel Hungerford, Katie Smith, Angela Tucker, Miren Iturriza-Gómara, Roberto Vivancos, Catherine McLeonard, Nigel A Cunliffe and Neil French
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:569
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Reducing delay to accessing care is necessary to reduce the Tuberculosis (TB) burden in high incidence countries such as India. This study aimed to identify factors associated with delays in seeking care for T...

    Authors: Sarah E. Van Ness, Ankit Chandra, Sonali Sarkar, Jane Pleskunas, Jerrold J. Ellner, Gautam Roy, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, Swaroop Sahu, C. Robert Horsburgh Jr, Helen E. Jenkins and Natasha S. Hochberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:567
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Shortly after the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendation and hence the reimbursement of vaccination costs for the respective age groups in Germany in 2007, changes in the incidence of anogenital war...

    Authors: Kathrin Thöne, Johannes Horn and Rafael Mikolajczyk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:564
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The presence of more than one bacterial agent is relatively rare in infective endocarditis, although more common in prosthetic cases. Molecular diagnosis from a removed heart tissue is considered a quick and e...

    Authors: Iva Kotaskova, Petr Nemec, Martina Vanerkova, Barbora Malisova, Renata Tejkalova, Marek Orban, Vita Zampachova and Tomas Freiberger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:563
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in Madagascar. A crucial element of TB control is the development of an easy and rapid method for the orientation of TB control strategies in the country. Our ...

    Authors: Noël Harijaona Ratovonirina, Niaina Rakotosamimanana, Solohery Lalaina Razafimahatratra, Mamy Serge Raherison, Guislaine Refrégier, Christophe Sola, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana and Voahangy Rasolofo Razanamparany
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:562
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a food and water-borne virus causing clinical (mainly hepatitis) and subclinical disease in humans. It is important to characterize circulating strains of HAV in order to prevent HAV...

    Authors: Huseyin Yilmaz, Asiye Karakullukcu, Nuri Turan, Utku Y. Cizmecigil, Aysun Yilmaz, Ayse A. Ozkul, Ozge Aydin, Alper Gunduz, Mahmut Mete, Fadile Y. Zeyrek, Taner T. Kirazoglu, Juergen A. Richt and Bekir Kocazeybek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:561
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Henan Province has been in the malaria elimination stage, with all reports of the disease being imported since 2012 and over 90% coming from Africa. Surveillance and population studies are essential for the ea...

    Authors: Chengyun Yang, Hongwei Zhang, Ruimin Zhou, Dan Qian, Ying Liu, Yuling Zhao, Suhua Li and Bianli Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:560
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Skin ulcers in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) may heal spontaneously after months/years. However, few cases may present quick heal even during diagnosis procedure (early spontaneous healing- ESH). The ...

    Authors: Carla Oliveira-Ribeiro, Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel, Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes Oliveira, Aline Fagundes, Maria de Fatima Madeira, Cintia Xavier Mello, Eliame Mouta-Confort, Claudia Maria Valete-Rosalino, Erica de Camargo Ferreira Vasconcellos, Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra, Leonardo Pereira Quintella, Liliane de Fatima Antonio, Armando Schubach and Fatima Conceição-Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:559
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. In multidrug regimens, including an intravenous aminoglycoside (e.g. amikacin [AMK]) is recommended for difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, ...

    Authors: Kazuma Yagi, Makoto Ishii, Ho Namkoong, Takahiro Asami, Osamu Iketani, Takanori Asakura, Shoji Suzuki, Hiroaki Sugiura, Yoshitake Yamada, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Yohei Funatsu, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Tetsuro Kamo, Sadatomo Tasaka, Tomoko Betsuyaku…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:558
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. UNAIDS calls for fewer than 500,000 new HIV infections/year by 2020, with treatment-as-prevention being a key part of their strategy for achieving the target. A better understanding of the contribution to tran...

    Authors: Nicky McCreesh, Ioannis Andrianakis, Rebecca N. Nsubuga, Mark Strong, Ian Vernon, Trevelyan J. McKinley, Jeremy E. Oakley, Michael Goldstein, Richard Hayes and Richard G. White
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:557
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. In the aftermath of the largest Q fever outbreak in the world, diagnosing the potentially lethal complication chronic Q fever remains challenging. PCR, Coxiella burnetii IgG phase I antibodies, CRP and 18F–FDG-PE...

    Authors: Anne F. M. Jansen, Teske Schoffelen, Julien Textoris, Jean-Louis Mege, Marrigje Nabuurs-Franssen, Ruud P. H. Raijmakers, Mihai G. Netea, Leo A. B. Joosten, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers and Marcel van Deuren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:556
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis (TB) has posed a great threat to global health and finance systems, especially for developing countries with high TB and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) TB burden.

    Authors: Xiao-chun He, Ning-ning Tao, Yao Liu, Xian-xin Zhang and Huai-chen Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:555
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is an acute-phase protein involved in inflammatory and infectious processes. This study assesses its diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with sepsis or septic shock in a medical int...

    Authors: Sonja Hamed, Michael Behnes, Dominic Pauly, Dominic Lepiorz, Max Barre, Tobias Becher, Siegfried Lang, Ibrahim Akin, Martin Borggrefe, Thomas Bertsch and Ursula Hoffmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:554
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract is commonly described and usually thought to be of no clinical significance. The aim of this study was to examine the presence and significance of bacteria and v...

    Authors: C. Raina MacIntyre, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Yi Zhang, Holly Seale, Peng Yang, Joshua Chen, Yang Pan, Daitao Zhang and Quanyi Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:553
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Data on the cost effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and vaccination strategies for prevention of vertical transmission of HBV in resource limited settings is sparse.

    Authors: Angela Devine, Rebecca Harvey, Aung Myat Min, Mary Ellen T. Gilder, Moo Koh Paw, Joy Kang, Isabella Watts, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, François Nosten and Rose McGready
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:552
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Aim of this review is to focus the attention on people living with HIV infection at risk of developing a cardiovascular event. What is or what would be the most suitable antiretroviral therapy? Which statin or...

    Authors: Paolo Maggi, Antonio Di Biagio, Stefano Rusconi, Stefania Cicalini, Maurizio D’Abbraccio, Gabriella d’Ettorre, Canio Martinelli, Giuseppe Nunnari, Laura Sighinolfi, Vincenzo Spagnuolo and Nicola Squillace
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:551
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. Improved treatment options of HIV have resulted in regular physical activities of many HIV-infected patients. However, data on effects of sports in HIV-patients are scarce.

    Authors: Stefan Schlabe, Martin Vogel, Christoph Boesecke, Carolynne Schwarze-Zander, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Christian Körner, Klara Brixius and Jan-Christian Wasmuth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:550
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Biosurveillance, a relatively young field, has recently increased in importance because of increasing emphasis on global health. Databases and tools describing particular subsets of disease are becoming increa...

    Authors: Ashlynn R. Daughton, Reid Priedhorsky, Geoffrey Fairchild, Nicholas Generous, Andrea Hengartner, Esteban Abeyta, Nileena Velappan, Antonietta Lillo, Karen Stark and Alina Deshpande
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:549
    Content type: Database Published on:

  20. Rapid diagnosis of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is pivotal for the timely initiation of effective antibiotic treatment to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains. The development of low-cost, rapi...

    Authors: El Mehdi Bentaleb, My Driss El Messaoudi, Mohammed Abid, Malika Messaoudi, Ali K. Yetisen, Hassan Sefrioui, Saaïd Amzazi and Hassan Ait Benhassou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:548
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Health workers (HWs) in resource-limited settings are at high-risk of exposure to tuberculosis (TB) at work. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of TB disease among HWs in the Free State Province of...

    Authors: Lyndsay M. O’Hara, Annalee Yassi, Muzimkhulu Zungu, Molebogeng Malotle, Elizabeth A. Bryce, Stephen J. Barker, Lincoln Darwin and J. Mark FitzGerald
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:547
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Tuberculosis (TB) is now the world’s leading infectious killer and major programmatic advances will be needed if we are to meet the ambitious new End TB Targets. Although mathematical models are powerful tools...

    Authors: James McCracken Trauer, Romain Ragonnet, Tan Nhut Doan and Emma Sue McBryde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:546
    Content type: Software Published on:

  23. Since 20% of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients are asymptomatic, the early detection of PTB is a challenge particularly in sputum-scarce patients and diagnostic accuracy based solely on clinical characteri...

    Authors: Liping Yan, Qing Zhang and Heping Xiao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:545
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. There are very few studies on reasons for loss to follow-up from TB treatment in Central Asia. This study assessed risk factors for LTFU and compared their occurrence with successfully treated (ST) patients in...

    Authors: Jessica Wohlleben, Mavluda Makhmudova, Firuza Saidova, Shahnoza Azamova, Christina Mergenthaler and Suzanne Verver
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:543
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Culture contamination with environmental bacteria is a major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) laboratories in hot and humid climate zones. We studied the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) preservation on ...

    Authors: Hellen Hiza, Basra Doulla, Mohamed Sasamalo, Jerry Hella, Lujeko Kamwela, Francis Mhimbira, Klaus Reither, Sebastien Gagneux, Levan Jugheli and Lukas Fenner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:542
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Lack of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence data in (Norwegian) high-risk groups impedes the ability to make informed decisions on prevention measures. Thus we rely on modelling to estimate the incidence and bur...

    Authors: Hinta Meijerink, Richard A White, Astrid Løvlie, Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio, Olav Dalgard, Ellen J. Amundsen, Espen Melum and Hilde Kløvstad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:541
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) against tuberculosis is administered intradermally, and vaccination is often followed by a scar at the injection site. Among BCG-vaccinated individuals, having a scar...

    Authors: Nina Marie Birk, Thomas Nørrelykke Nissen, Monica Ladekarl, Vera Zingmark, Jesper Kjærgaard, Trine Mølbæk Jensen, Signe Kjeldgaard Jensen, Lisbeth Marianne Thøstesen, Poul-Erik Kofoed, Lone Graff Stensballe, Andreas Andersen, Ole Pryds, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Christine Stabell Benn and Dorthe Lisbeth Jeppesen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:540
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavior-based interventions are particularly vulnerable to post-randomization changes between study arms. We assess the impact of such a change in a large, multicenter s...

    Authors: Eric T. Lofgren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:539
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Chickenpox is a common contagious disease that remains an important public health issue worldwide. Over 90% of unvaccinated individuals become infected, but infection occurs at different ages in different part...

    Authors: Banghua Chen, Ayako Sumi, Lei Wang, Wang Zhou and Nobumichi Kobayashi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:538
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was first reported in China in 2011. Human-to-human transmission of the virus occurred occasionally in family clusters. However, pneumonia as an onset syndrom...

    Authors: Yiyi Zhu, Huanyu Wu, Jie Gao, Xin Zhou, Renyi Zhu, Chunzhe Zhang, Hongling Bai, Abu S. Abdullah and Hao Pan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:537
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Candidemia is the worldwide life-threaten disease, especially in cancer patients. This study was aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors of candidemia in cancer patients, which will prompt the improvem...

    Authors: Ding Li, Rui Xia, Qing Zhang, Changsen Bai, Zheng Li and Peng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:536
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Primary invasive cutaneous aspergillosis is a rare fungal infection that occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Newborns of very low birth weight present a high risk for this type of infection due to an ...

    Authors: Floriane Gallais, Julie Denis, Olfa Koobar, Laurence Dillenseger, Dominique Astruc, Raoul Herbrecht, Ermanno Candolfi, Valérie Letscher-Bru and Marcela Sabou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:535
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. In vitro data suggests that suboptimal initial vancomycin exposure may select for heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) infections. However, no clinical studies have evaluated the re...

    Authors: Dmitriy M. Martirosov, Monique R. Bidell, Manjunath P. Pai, Marc H. Scheetz, Susan L. Rosenkranz, Corey Faragon, M. Malik, R. E. Mendes, R. N. Jones, Louise-Anne McNutt and Thomas P. Lodise
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:534
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Leishmaniasis and melioidosis are frequently reported from the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. However, only one case of co-infection of the two diseases has been reported to date over the world. This is ...

    Authors: Isuru Chamika Indeewara Kahandawaarachchi, Gayani Samadara Premawansa, Wipula Warnasuriya, Malka Dassanayake and Enoka Corea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:533
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fulminant disease of the brain caused by Naegleria fowleri. Although the disease is rare, the case fatality rate is very high. In this report, we describe the first ...

    Authors: Mashina Chomba, Luchenga A. Mucheleng’anga, Sombo Fwoloshi, Joseph Ngulube and Mable M. Mutengo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:532
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. Hepatic iron overload has been implicated in many liver diseases; however, whether it is involved in clonorchiasis remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Clonorchis sinensis (C. sine...

    Authors: Su Han, Qiaoran Tang, Rui Chen, Yihong Li, Jing Shu and Xiaoli Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:531
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Anisakiasis is a fish-borne zoonosis caused by Anisakis spp. larvae. One challenging issue in the diagnosis of anisakiasis is the molecular detection of the etiological agent even at very low quantity, such as in...

    Authors: Simonetta Mattiucci, Michela Paoletti, Alessandra Colantoni, Antonella Carbone, Raffaele Gaeta, Agnese Proietti, Stefano Frattaroli, Paolo Fazii, Fabrizio Bruschi and Giuseppe Nascetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:530
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  39. Evaluation of the HIV Testing Week (HTW) 2015 in Amsterdam: the number of (positive) tested persons, characteristics and testing history of the tested population, the differences in attendance per location and...

    Authors: M. Bartelsman, I. K. Joore, J. E. van Bergen, A. A. Hogewoning, F. R. Zuure and M. G. van Veen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:529
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Interventions to support decision-making can reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections (ARI), but they may not be sustainable. The objective of the study is to evaluate the long-term...

    Authors: Jeneen Gifford, Elisabeth Vaeth, Katherine Richards, Tariq Siddiqui, Christine Gill, Lucy Wilson and Sylvain DeLisle
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:528
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Liver-related mortality has been increasing worldwide. We aimed to estimate the age-standardized mortality rates from viral hepatitis in Brazil.

    Authors: Hugo Perazzo, Antonio G Pacheco, Paula M Luz, Rodolfo Castro, Chris Hyde, Juliana Fittipaldi, Caroline Rigolon, Sandra W Cardoso, Beatriz Grinsztejn and Valdiléa G Veloso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:527
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Testing for reinfection at 3 to 6 months following treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoea is recommended in best practice sexual health management guidelines. This study aimed to describe rat...

    Authors: Sally B. Rose, Susan M. Garrett, James Stanley and Susan R. H. Pullon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:526
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and share modes of transmission. These infections are generally more...

    Authors: Mwumvaneza Mutagoma, Laetitia Nyirazinyoye, Dieudonné Sebuhoro, David J. Riedel and Joseph Ntaganira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:525
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Zika virus, an emerging serious infectious disease, is a threat to persons living or travelling to regions where it is currently endemic, and also to contacts of infected individuals. The aim of this study was...

    Authors: Sohaila Cheema, Patrick Maisonneuve, Ingmar Weber, Luis Fernandez-Luque, Amit Abraham, Hekmat Alrouh, Javaid Sheikh, Albert B. Lowenfels and Ravinder Mamtani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:524
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. To predict the risk of infectious diseases originating in wildlife, it is important to identify habitats that allow the co-occurrence of pathogens and their hosts. Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is a directly-trans...

    Authors: Hussein Khalil, Gert Olsson, Magnus Magnusson, Magnus Evander, Birger Hörnfeldt and Frauke Ecke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:523
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Combined prevention interventions, including early antiretroviral therapy initiation, may substantially reduce HIV incidence in hyperendemic settings. Our aim was to assess the potential short-term impact of c...

    Authors: Stéphanie Blaizot, Helena Huerga, Benjamin Riche, Tom Ellman, Amir Shroufi, Jean-François Etard and René Ecochard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:522
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Mixing patterns of human populations play a crucial role in shaping the spreading paths of infectious diseases. The diffusion of mobile and wearable devices able to record close proximity interactions represen...

    Authors: Piero Poletti, Roberto Visintainer, Bruno Lepri and Stefano Merler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:521
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Even though reported cases of syphilis have been increasing, cases of tertiary syphilis remain extremely rare. The majority of our knowledge with regard to complications of syphilis such as aortitis was acquir...

    Authors: Maaike Spaltenstein, Françoise Humbert, Diem-Lan Vu, Ilker Uçkay and Gregor John
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:520
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. Human psittacosis is a highly under diagnosed zoonotic disease, commonly linked to psittacine birds. Psittacosis in birds, also known as avian chlamydiosis, is endemic in poultry, but the risk for people livin...

    Authors: Lenny Hogerwerf, Manon M. C. Holstege, Elisa Benincà, Frederika Dijkstra and Wim van der Hoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:519
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in children has been hampered by difficulty in obtaining convalescent serum and time constraints. In this study, the two diagno...

    Authors: Le Wang, Zhishan Feng, Mengchuan Zhao, Shuo Yang, Xiaotong Yan, Weiwei Guo, Zhongren Shi and Guixia Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:518
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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