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  1. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which are ubiquitous micro-organisms occurring in humans, animals and the environment, sometimes receive public health and veterinary attention as opportunistic disease-caus...

    Authors: Bugwesa Z Katale, Erasto V Mbugi, Louise Botha, Julius D Keyyu, Sharon Kendall, Hazel M Dockrell, Anita L Michel, Rudovick R Kazwala, Mark M Rweyemamu, Paul van Helden and Mecky I Matee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:616
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Global health investment has reduced HIV mortality and transmission. However, little is known of patient-reported outcomes alongside ART rollout. This study aimed to measure wellbeing using patient-reported ou...

    Authors: Richard Harding, Victoria Simms, Suzanne Penfold, Julia Downing, Eve Namisango, Richard A Powell, Faith Mwangi-Powell, Scott Moreland, Nancy Gikaara, Mackuline Atieno and Irene J Higginson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:613
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation (chlamydia screening programme) was introduced in the Netherlands in 2008-2010 to detect and treat asymptomatic infections and to limit ongoing transmission th...

    Authors: Geneviève AFS van Liere, Nicole HTM Dukers-Muijrers, Jan EAM van Bergen, Hannelore M Götz, Frans Stals and Christian JPA Hoebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:612
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Despite universal recognition of the importance of hand hygiene in reducing the incidence of healthcare associated infections, health care workers’ compliance with best practice has been sub-optimal. Senior ho...

    Authors: Elizabeth McInnes, Rosemary Phillips, Sandy Middleton and Dinah Gould
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:611
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Up to 20% of all infective endocarditis are blood culture-negative and therefore a diagnostic challenge. Here we present the case of an infective endocarditis due to Helicobacter cinaedi finally diagnosed using d...

    Authors: Hanni Bartels, Daniel Goldenberger, Oliver Reuthebuch, Juerg Vosbeck, Maja Weisser, Reno Frei and Veronika Bättig
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:586
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Immunity plays an important role in controlling human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated lesions. Unlike infections caused by other viruses, natural HPV infection does not always result in a protect...

    Authors: Patrícia S de Araujo-Souza, Agnihotram V Ramanakumar, João M G Candeias, Patrícia Thomann, Andrea Trevisan, Eduardo L Franco and Luisa L Villa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:578
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. India has generally used 1 TU purified protein derivative (PPD) as opposed to 2 TU PPD globally, limiting comparisons. It is important to assess latent TB infection in adolescents given that they may be a targ...

    Authors: Dharma Rao Uppada, Sumithra Selvam, Nelson Jesuraj, Sean Bennett, Suzanne Verver, Harleen MS Grewal and Mario Vaz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:571
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) have become mandatory to reduce the burden of tuberculosis worldwide. Close contacts of active TB patients are at high risk of both active an...

    Authors: Seung Jun Lee, Seung Hun Lee, You Eun Kim, Yu Ji Cho, Yi Yeong Jeong, Ho Cheol Kim, Jong Deog Lee, Jang Rak Kim, Young Sil Hwang, Hee Jin Kim and Dick Menzies
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:566
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Our aim is to detect the infection by Toscana virus (TOSV) and other Phleboviruses in the sera and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of patients with meningitis in Tunisia. We examined various species of phlebotomus ...

    Authors: Ons Fezaa, Youmna M’ghirbi, Gianni Gori Savellini, Lamia Ammari, Nahed Hogga, Henda Triki, Maria Grazia Cusi and Ali Bouattour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:598
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Environmental monitoring of airborne filamentous fungi is necessary to reduce fungal concentrations in operating theaters and in controlled environments, and to prevent infections. The present study reports re...

    Authors: Giuseppina Caggiano, Christian Napoli, Caterina Coretti, Grazia Lovero, Giancarlo Scarafile, Osvalda De Giglio and Maria Teresa Montagna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:595
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The clinical course of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection is unpredictable and bacterial virulence, host immune response and patient characteristics are among the factors that contribute to the clinical ...

    Authors: Sinead McNicholas, Alida Fe Talento, Joanne O’Gorman, Margaret M Hannan, Maureen Lynch, Catherine M Greene, Hilary Humphreys and Deirdre Fitzgerald-Hughes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:580
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Guidelines for antiretroviral treatment (cART) are published regularly, but there is little information regarding the effect of adherence to guidelines on patient outcomes. We assessed the effect of following ...

    Authors: Laurent Cotte, Thomas Bénet, Philippe Vanhems, Corinne Brochier, Thomas Perpoint, Tristan Ferry and Christian Chidiac
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:596
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. We estimated the nationwide burden of nosocomial S. aureus bloodstream infection (SA-BSI), a major cause of nosocomial infection, in South Korea.

    Authors: Chung-Jong Kim, Hong-Bin Kim, Myoung-don Oh, Yunhee Kim, Arim Kim, Sung-Hee Oh, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eu Suk Kim, Yong Kyun Cho, Young Hwa Choi, Jinyong Park, Baek-Nam Kim, Nam-Joong Kim, Kye-Hyung Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Jae-Bum Jun…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:590
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert assay; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) is becoming the test of choice for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampin (RIF) resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the per...

    Authors: Hee Jae Huh, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Kyeongman Jeon, Won-Jung Koh, Chang-Seok Ki and Nam Yong Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:589
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended individuals with increased risk of contracting influenza A H5N1 infection to be immunized against the virus during the inter-pandemic period. Safety and immunoge...

    Authors: Sung-Hsi Wei, Ming-Tsan Liu, Yao-Chou Tsai, Chung-Hsin Liao, Chih-Ming Chen, Wei-Yao Wang, Yi-Lung Huang, Feng-Yee Chang and Pesus Chou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:587
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. In patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU), Candida infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. However, previous studies reported confused risk factors for catheter-relat...

    Authors: Bo Hu, Zhaohui Du, Yan Kang, Bin Zang, Wei Cui, Bingyu Qin, Qiang Fang, Haibo Qiu and Jianguo Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:594
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Infection by pathogenic viruses results in rapid epithelial damage and significantly impacts on the condition of the upper respiratory tract, thus the effects of viral infection may induce changes in microbiot...

    Authors: Hana Yi, Dongeun Yong, Kyungwon Lee, Yong-Joon Cho and Jongsik Chun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:583
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. To better understand potential transmission risks from contact with the body fluids of children, we monitored the presence and amount of CMV shedding over time in healthy CMV-seropositive children.

    Authors: Michael J Cannon, Jennifer D Stowell, Rebekah Clark, Philip R Dollard, Delaney Johnson, Karen Mask, Cynthia Stover, Karen Wu, Minal Amin, Will Hendley, Jing Guo, D Scott Schmid and Sheila C Dollard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:569
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Chlamydia trachomatis is a pathogen of worldwide importance, causing more than 100 million cases of sexually transmitted infections annually. Whole-genome sequencing is a powerful high resolution tool that can b...

    Authors: Mette T Christiansen, Amanda C Brown, Samit Kundu, Helena J Tutill, Rachel Williams, Julianne R Brown, Jolyon Holdstock, Martin J Holland, Simon Stevenson, Jayshree Dave, CY William Tong, Katja Einer-Jensen, Daniel P Depledge and Judith Breuer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:591
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Fusarium species are among the most common fungi present in the environment and some species have emerged as major opportunistic fungal infection in human. However, in immunocompromised hosts they can be virulen...

    Authors: Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi, Alexandro Bonifaz, G Sybren de Hoog, Leticia Vazquez-Maya, Karla Garcia-Carmona, Jacques F Meis and Anne D van Diepeningen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:588
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of birth defects in the United States. To better understand factors that may influence CMV transmission risk, we compared viral and immunologica...

    Authors: Jennifer D Stowell, Karen Mask, Minal Amin, Rebekah Clark, Denise Levis, Will Hendley, Tatiana M Lanzieri, Sheila C Dollard and Michael J Cannon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:568
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The goal was to determine whether one medical centres’ unique antifungal prophylactic regimen for patients at high risk for invasive candidiasis because of their haematological malignancies, haematopoietic ste...

    Authors: Danielle Vuichard, Maja Weisser, Christina Orasch, Reno Frei, Dominik Heim, Jakob R Passweg and Andreas F Widmer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:573
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Iatrogenic skin and soft tissue infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria are described with increasing frequency, especially among immunocompromised patients.

    Authors: Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Marion-Eliëtte Kolader, Nguyen Van Dung, James I Campbell, Nguyen thi Tham, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, H Rogier van Doorn and Dien Hoa Le
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:550
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  26. In Italy, free-of-charge HPV vaccination is offered to 11-year-old girls since 2007. The National Immunization Plan established the target coverage at a minimum of 70%; it should increase to 95% within 3-year ...

    Authors: Cristina Giambi, Fortunato D'Ancona, Martina Del Manso, Barbara De Mei, Ilaria Giovannelli, Chiara Cattaneo, Valentina Possenti and Silvia Declich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:545
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Authors: Syazwan Saidin, Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Nor Dyana Zakaria, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Lim Boon Huat, Nurulhasanah Othman and Rahmah Noordin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:533
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:182

  28. Obesity is known to affect cell-mediated immune responses. Recent studies have revealed that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene are related to human obesity. We hypothesize th...

    Authors: Yan Feng, Fengliang Wang, Hongqiu Pan, Sangsang Qiu, Jieqiong Lü, Liang Wu, Jianming Wang and Cheng Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:592
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Female general practitioners (GPs) have higher chlamydia testing rates than male GPs, yet it is unclear whether this is due to lack of knowledge among male GPs or because female GPs consult and test more femal...

    Authors: Anna Yeung, Meredith Temple-Smith, Simone Spark, Rebecca Guy, Christopher K Fairley, Matthew Law, Anna Wood, Kirsty Smith, Basil Donovan, John Kaldor, Jane Gunn, Marie Pirotta, Rob Carter and Jane Hocking
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:584
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. This study aims to investigate the clinical features of invasive community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-SA) infection in Chinese children and analyze its molecular features.

    Authors: Yanhong Qiao, Xue Ning, Qiang Chen, Ruizhen Zhao, Wenqi Song, Yuejie Zheng, Fang Dong, Shipeng Li, Juan Li, Lijuan Wang, Ting Zeng, Yanhong Dong, Kaihu Yao, Sangjie Yu, Yonghong Yang and Xuzhuang Shen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:582
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails, leading to the gradual destruction of the nail plate. Treatment of onychomycosis may need long-time oral antifungal therapy that can have potential side effects, t...

    Authors: Huan Wen Han, Mark Ming-Long Hsu, Jong Soo Choi, Chao-Kai Hsu, Hsin Yi Hsieh, Hsin Chieh Li, Hsien Chang Chang and Tsung Chain Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:581
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. To compare the epidemiological and clinical features and outcome in clonal group O25b/ST131 and non-clonal group O25b/ST131 in adult patients with non-extended-spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia co...

    Authors: Yi-Hui Wu, Ming-Fang Cheng, Chung-Hsu Lai, Hsi-Hsun Lin, Chih-Hsin Hung and Jiun-Ling Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:579
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In Tanzania, HIV-1 RNA testing is rarely available and not standard of care. Determining virologic failure is challenging and resistance mutations accumulate, thereby compromising second-line therapy. We evalu...

    Authors: Dorothy E Dow, Aisa M Shayo, Coleen K Cunningham and Elizabeth A Reddy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:567
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Collecting adequate information on key epidemiological indicators is a prerequisite to informing a public health response to reduce the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Malaysia. Our goal was to ...

    Authors: Scott A McDonald, Rosmawati Mohamed, Maznah Dahlui, Herlianna Naning and Adeeba Kamarulzaman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:564
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The measurement of hepatitis C virus core antigen (HCV-coreAg) has been shown to be an indicator of active HCV infection. The aim of the present study was 1) to investigate the stability and effectiveness of H...

    Authors: Lu Long, Tao Shen, Jian Gao, Zhaojun Duan, Hua Liang and Fengmin Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:577
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. During pneumonia, inflammation and coagulation are activated as part of anti-bacterial host defense. Activated protein C (APC) has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties and until recently was a regist...

    Authors: Johannes Daan de Boer, Liesbeth M Kager, Joris JTH Roelofs, Joost CM Meijers, Onno J de Boer, Hartmut Weiler, Berend Isermann, Cornelis van ’t Veer and Tom van der Poll
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:559
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Early detection of complications significantly reduces dengue associated mortality and morbidity. We set out to determine if the NS1 rapid antigen detection test could be used as a point of care test to predic...

    Authors: Shiran Ajith Paranavitane, Laksiri Gomes, Achala Kamaladasa, Thiruni N Adikari, Nilanka Wickramasinghe, Chandima Jeewandara, Narangoda Liyanage Ajantha Shyamali, Graham Stuart Ogg and Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:570
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Data describing the epidemiology and management of viral acute diarrhea (AD) in adults are scant. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence, clinical characteristics, management and risk factor...

    Authors: Christophe Arena, Jean Pierre Amoros, Véronique Vaillant, Katia Ambert-Balay, Roxane Chikhi-Brachet, Nathalie Jourdan-Da Silva, Laurent Varesi, Jean Arrighi, Cécile Souty, Thierry Blanchon, Alessandra Falchi and Thomas Hanslik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:574
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. We hypothesized that among septic ICU patients with Acinetobacter spp. bacteremia (Ac-BSI), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (CRAc) increase risk for inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (non-IAAT), an...

    Authors: Andrew F Shorr, Marya D Zilberberg, Scott T Micek and Marin H Kollef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:572
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Antiretroviral therapy markedly reduced mortality in HIV-infected individuals. However, in the previous studies, up to 50% of patients are compelled to modify their regimen in middle and low-income countries w...

    Authors: Naho Tsuchiya, Panita Pathipvanich, Nuanjun Wichukchinda, Archawin Rojanawiwat, Wattana Auwanit, Koya Ariyoshi and Pathom Sawanpanyalert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:565
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. We describe histological, clinical findings and outcomes of renal involvement during Leishmania infantum infection in four HIV-infected patients in South France and North Italy hospital settings.

    Authors: Matteo Vassallo, Olivier Moranne, Damien Ambrosetti, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Christelle Pomares, Elisabeth Cassuto, Annick Boscagli, Guillaume Giraud, Nathalie Montagne, Chiara Dentone, Ilaria Demacina, Barbara Villaggio, Giovanni Secondo, Giuseppe Ferrea, Corinne Passeron, Laurence Saudes…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:561
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. A significant number of studies on pig farms and wild boars worldwide, demonstrate the endemic presence of Chlamydia suis in pigs. However, the zoonotic potential of this pathogen, phylogenetically closely relate...

    Authors: Kristien De Puysseleyr, Leentje De Puysseleyr, Hendrik Dhondt, Tom Geens, Lutgart Braeckman, Servaas A Morré, Eric Cox and Daisy Vanrompay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:560
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Pulmonary valve endocarditis without the involvement of other valves represents 1.5-2% of all cases of infective endocarditis. Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis caused by Candida is extremely rare with only o...

    Authors: Sudhakar Devathi, Bryan Curry and Saumil Doshi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:557
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. More information is needed about time between sexual initiation and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and development of cervical precancer.

    Authors: Xavier Castellsagué, Jorma Paavonen, Unnop Jaisamrarn, Cosette M Wheeler, S Rachel Skinner, Matti Lehtinen, Paulo Naud, Song-Nan Chow, Maria Rowena Del Rosario-Raymundo, Julio C Teixeira, Johanna Palmroth, Newton S de Carvalho, Maria Julieta V Germar, Klaus Peters, Suzanne M Garland, Anne Szarewski…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:551
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its related complications are common in infants born prematurely, with severe congenital heart disease, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well ...

    Authors: Javier Díez-Domingo, Eduardo G Pérez-Yarza, José A Melero, Manuel Sánchez-Luna, María Dolores Aguilar, Antonio Javier Blasco, Noelia Alfaro and Pablo Lázaro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:544
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Candida spp. are frequently cultured from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients. Most intensivists start amphotericin-B deoxycholate (ABDC) inhalation therapy to eradicate Candida spp. from the respir...

    Authors: Patrick J van der Geest, Erik I Dieters, Bart Rijnders and Johan AB Groeneveld
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:575
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum are usually considered to be the major pathogens responsible for human cryptosporidiosis. However, there have been few studies regarding the molecular epidemiology of Crypto...

    Authors: Yanyan Jiang, Jinhua Ren, Zhongying Yuan, Aiqin Liu, Hong Zhao, Hua Liu, Lei Chu, Wei Pan, Jianping Cao, Yijin Lin and Yujuan Shen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:555
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. To compare epidemiological data between recurrent cases after cure (RC), distinguishing relapse from reinfection, after dropout (RD) and new cases (NC) in an ambulatory setting in a TB-endemic country.

    Authors: Gisela Unis, Andrezza Wolowski Ribeiro, Leonardo Souza Esteves, Fernanda Sá Spies, Pedro Dornelles Picon, Elis Regina Dalla Costa and Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:548
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species and is distributed globally. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the serological ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of leptospirosis but it is time-...

    Authors: Xue Ting Tan, Fairuz Amran, Kee Chee Cheong and Norazah Ahmad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:563
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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