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  1. Yunnan has the largest number of reported HIV/AIDS cases among all Chinese provinces, the reported prevalence of HIV among Yunnan men who have sex with men (MSM) passed 10%, while HIV incidence epidemic and mo...

    Authors: Junjie Xu, Minghui An, Xiaoxu Han, Manhong Jia, Yanling Ma, Min Zhang, Qinghai Hu, Zhenxing Chu, Jing Zhang, Yongjun Jiang, Wenqing Geng, Lin Lu and Hong Shang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. There are approximately from 1,100 to 1,200 HIV-infected children in a follow-up in Spain. In 2008 an open, multicentral, retrospective and prospective Cohort of the Spanish Paediatric HIV Network (CoRISpe) wa...

    Authors: Ma Isabel de Jose, Santiago Jiménez de Ory, Maria Espiau, Claudia Fortuny, Ma Luisa Navarro, Pere Soler-Palacín and Ma Angeles Muñoz-Fernandez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:2
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  3. The impact of extended use of ART in developing countries has been enormous. A thorough understanding of all factors contributing to the success of antiretroviral therapy is required. The current study aims to...

    Authors: Barbara A Rath, Max von Kleist, Maria E Castillo, Lenka Kolevic, Patricia Caballero, Giselle Soto-Castellares, Angela M Amedee, James E Robinson, David K Katzenstein, Russell B Van Dyke and Richard A Oberhelman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Expatriates are a distinct population at unique risk for health problems related to their travel exposure.

    Authors: Poh-Lian Lim, Pauline Han, Lin H Chen, Susan MacDonald, Prativa Pandey, DeVon Hale, Patricia Schlagenhauf, Louis Loutan, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Xiaohong M Davis and David O Freedman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:386
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. To describe the epidemiology and possible risk factors for the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Namibia.

    Authors: Philip M Ricks, Farai Mavhunga, Surbhi Modi, Rosalia Indongo, Abbas Zezai, Lauren A Lambert, Nick DeLuca, Jamie S Krashin, Allyn K Nakashima and Timothy H Holtz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:385
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a highly lethal infectious disease and early diagnosis of TB is critical for the control of disease progression. The objective of this study was to profile a panel of serum micro...

    Authors: Yuhua Qi, Lunbiao Cui, Yiyue Ge, Zhiyang Shi, Kangchen Zhao, Xiling Guo, Dandan Yang, Hao Yu, Lan Cui, Yunfeng Shan, Minghao Zhou, Hua Wang and Zuhong Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:384
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) are recently found pathogens causing two rare skin disorders, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and trichodysplasia spinulo...

    Authors: Mohammadreza Sadeghi, Matti Aronen, Tingting Chen, Laura Jartti, Tuomas Jartti, Olli Ruuskanen, Maria Söderlund-Venermo and Klaus Hedman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:383
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The emergence of an HIV-1 epidemic in China was first recognized in Dehong, western Yunnan. Due to its geographic location, Dehong contributed greatly in bridging HIV-1 epidemics in Southeast Asia and China th...

    Authors: Min Chen, Yanling Ma, Song Duan, Hui Xing, Shitang Yao, Yingzhen Su, Hongbing Luo, Li Yang, Huichao Chen, Liru Fu, Aijuan Qu, Chin-Yih Ou, Manhong Jia and Lin Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:382
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Viral load monitoring (VLM) to identify individuals failing antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not widely available in resource-limited settings. We compared the genotypic resistance patterns between clients with...

    Authors: Steven J Reynolds, Hakim Sendagire, Kevin Newell, Barbara Castelnuovo, Immaculate Nankya, Moses Kamya, Thomas C Quinn, Yukari C Manabe and Andrew Kambugu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:381
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The immune response to Schistosoma mansoni is characterized by a granulomatous reaction around the parasite eggs that are trapped in the host liver, and this reaction modulates the immune response during the chro...

    Authors: Roberta Oliveira-Prado, Iramaya Rodrigues Caldas, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius Andrade, Rafaelle Christine Gomes Fares, Laís Maroni Portugal, Andréa Gazzinelli, Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira and José Renan Cunha-Melo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:380
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. False negative and indeterminate Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) results are a well documented problem. Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB) and to impair Interferon-gamma...

    Authors: Martine G Aabye, Thomas Stig Hermansen, Morten Ruhwald, George PrayGod, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Kidola Jeremiah, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Nyagosya Range, Henrik Friis, John Changalucha, Aase B Andersen and Pernille Ravn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:379
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk behaviors for HBV infection among high risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad provi...

    Authors: Abdolmajid Khosravani, Bahador Sarkari, Halimeh Negahban, Asghar Sharifi, Mehdi Akbartabar Toori and Owrang Eilami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:378
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. More than 50% of patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) do not respond to treatment with conventional interferon (IFN) combined with ribavirin (RBV). The aim of our study was to evaluate the ef...

    Authors: Simara Artico, Karine Medeiros Amaral, Candice Beatriz Treter Gonçalves and Paulo Dornelles Picon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:377
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Although cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an emerging disease worldwide, there have been few studies of the characteristics and risk factors of CM in children.

    Authors: Jianhua Guo, Jikun Zhou, Shiyong Zhang, Xin Zhang, Jing Li, Yinqi Sun and Shunxiang Qi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:376
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. There is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of risk factors for healthcare-associated infection (HCAI). The purpose of this study was to identify additional risk factors for HCAI, which are not inclu...

    Authors: Teresa Cardoso, Orquídea Ribeiro, Irene César Aragão, Altamiro Costa-Pereira and António Eugénio Sarmento
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:375
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The Interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs12979860 polymorphisms was recently reported to be associated with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load (PvL) and the development of the HTLV-1-associated...

    Authors: Sabri Saeed Sanabani, Youko Nukui, Juliana Pereira, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Ana Carolina Soares de Oliveira, Rodrigo Pessôa, Fabio Eudes Leal, Aluisio C Segurado, Esper Georges Kallas and Ester Cerdeira Sabino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:374
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Emergence of rmtB-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) poses a great threat to antimicrobial treatment options.

    Authors: Jun-Jie Li, Zi-Ke Sheng, Mei Deng, Sheng Bi, Fei-Shu Hu, Hai-Feng Miao, Zhong-Kang Ji, Ji-Fang Sheng and Lan-Juan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:373
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Tuberculosis is one of the most infectious diseases in the world. Molecular typing methods such as spoligotyping, and VNTR (variable number tandem repeats), IS6110 in the NTF region and LSP (large sequence polymo...

    Authors: Bing Lu, Ping Zhao, Binbin Liu, Haiyan Dong, Qin Yu, Xiuqin Zhao and Kanglin Wan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:372
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolates, that are also resistant to other classes of antibiotics, is a significant challenge to antibiotic treatment and infection control policies. In Central Greece a signific...

    Authors: Angeliki Mavroidi, Vivi Miriagou, Apostolos Liakopoulos, Εva Tzelepi, Angelos Stefos, George N Dalekos and Efthymia Petinaki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:371
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Clostridium difficile (CD) has increasingly become recognised as a significant international health burden, often associated with the healthcare environment. The upsurge in incidence of CD coincided with the eme...

    Authors: Stefano Di Bella, Maria Grazia Paglia, Emma Johnson and Nicola Petrosillo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:370
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The increasing problem of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) [ie resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF)] is becoming a global problem. Successful treatment outcome for MDR-TB depe...

    Authors: Halima M Said, Marleen M Kock, Nazir A Ismail, Kamaldeen Baba, Shaheed V Omar, Ayman G Osman, Anwar A Hoosen and Marthie M Ehlers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:369
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. HIV integrase inhibitor use is limited by low genetic barrier to resistance and possible cross-resistance among representatives of this class of antiretrovirals. The aim of this study was to analyse integrase ...

    Authors: Miłosz Parczewski, Dorota Bander, Anna Urbańska and Anna Boroń-Kaczmarska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:368
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Wolfsburg HPV Epidemiological Study (WOLVES) is a population-based cohort study on HPV infections and associated diseases in the pre-vaccination era in young women in Wolfsburg, Germany.

    Authors: Karl Ulrich Petry, Alexander Luyten, Annika Justus, Angelika Iftner, Sarah Strehlke, Renate Schulze-Rath and Thomas Iftner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:367
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc), nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) are the most important bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (OM). Previous studies have sugg...

    Authors: Wenxing Sun, Peter Jacoby, Thomas V Riley, Jacinta Bowman, Amanda Jane Leach, Harvey Coates, Sharon Weeks, Allan Cripps and Deborah Lehmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:366
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Acute viral respiratory infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. The etiological backgrounds of these infections remain unconfirmed in most clinical cases. The aim of t...

    Authors: Monika Jevšnik, Tina Uršič, Nina Žigon, Lara Lusa, Uroš Krivec and Miroslav Petrovec
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:365
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication of severe malaria, and rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria is an uncommon cause. We report an unusual case of severe falciparum malaria with dengue coinfection complic...

    Authors: Kok Pin Yong, Ban Hock Tan and Chian Yong Low
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:364
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. In 2009 a new influenza serotype (AH1N1) was identified in Mexico that spread rapidly generating worldwide alarm. San Luis Potosi (SLP) was the third state with more cases reported in that year. The clinical i...

    Authors: Juan Pablo Castillo-Palencia, Lucie Laflamme and Joel Monárrez-Espino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:363
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Most cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and subsequent liver diseases can be prevented with universal newborn HBV vaccination. The attitudes of health care workers about HBV vaccination and their willi...

    Authors: Maia Butsashvili, George Kamkamidze, Marina Topuridze, Dale Morse, Wayne Triner, Jack DeHovitz, Kenrad Nelson and Louise-Anne McNutt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:362
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs), obtained by broth micro-dilution, and clinical response in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.

    Authors: Chen-Hsiang Lee, Tzu-Yao Chang, Jien-Wei Liu, Fang-Ju Chen, Chun-Chih Chien, Ya-Fen Tang and Cheng-Hsien Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:361
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The tuberculin skin test (TST) has limitations for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnosis in low-prevalence settings. Previously, all TST-positive individuals referred from the community to Baltimore C...

    Authors: Maunank Shah, Kathryn Miele, Howard Choi, Danielle DiPietro, Maria Martins-Evora, Vincent Marsiglia and Susan Dorman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:360
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. A high complication rate of Q fever in pregnancy is described on the basis of a limited number of cases. All pregnant women with proven Q fever regardless of clinical symptoms should therefore receive long-ter...

    Authors: Katharina Boden, Andreas Brueckmann, Christiane Wagner-Wiening, Beate Hermann, Klaus Henning, Thomas Junghanss, Thomas Seidel, Michael Baier, Eberhard Straube and Dirk Theegarten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:359
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Treatment of chronically infected wounds is a challenge, and bacterial environmental contamination is a growing issue in infection control. Ozone may have a role in these situations. The objective of this stud...

    Authors: Belchor Fontes, Ana Maria Cattani Heimbecker, Glacus de Souza Brito, Silvia F Costa, Inneke M van der Heijden, Anna S Levin and Samir Rasslan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:358
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Two formulations of Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) are on the market for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of Peg-IFN α-2a ver...

    Authors: Nicola Coppola, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Gilda Tonziello, Caterina Sagnelli, Evangelista Sagnelli and Italo F Angelillo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:357
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) often leads to severe disability or death. Factors usually associated with outcome include Simplified Acute Physiology Score, age and delay of initiation of acyclovir treatment.

    Authors: Julien Poissy, Karen Champenois, Anny Dewilde, Hugues Melliez, Hugues Georges, Eric Senneville and Yazdan Yazdanpanah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:356
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. We recently reported the derivation of a diagnostic aid to rule out pneumonia in adults presenting with new onset of cough or worsening of chronic cough and increased body temperature. The aim of the present i...

    Authors: Ulrike Held, Claudia Steurer-Stey, Felix Huber, Sergio Dallafior and Johann Steurer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:355
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Beijing genotype strains are the most predominant strains in China. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors and clinical phenotypes associated with infection with Beijing genotype strains among tuber...

    Authors: Yu Pang, Yuanyuan Song, Hui Xia, Yang Zhou, Bing Zhao and Yanlin Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Syphilis is a growing public health problem among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Rapid and accurate detection of syphilis is vital to ensure patients and their contacts receive timely treatment and ...

    Authors: Matt Shields, Rebecca J Guy, Neisha J Jeoffreys, Robert J Finlayson and Basil Donovan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:353
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. People concentrated in congregated systems, such as prisons, are important but often neglected reservoirs for TB transmission, and threaten those in the outside community. Therefore, this study was conducted t...

    Authors: Beyene Moges, Bemnet Amare, Fanaye Asfaw, Wogahta Tesfaye, Moges Tiruneh, Yeshambel Belyhun, Andargachew Mulu and Afework Kassu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:352
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Infection with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. The main objective of this study was to assess the influence...

    Authors: Erika Ferraz de Gouvêa, Ianick Souto Martins, Marcia Halpern, Adriana Lúcia Pires Ferreira, Samanta Teixeira Basto, Renato Torres Gonçalves, Beatriz Meurer Moreira and Guilherme Santoro-Lopes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:351
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are responsible for a considerable number of deaths among children, particularly in developing countries. In Egypt and the Middle East region, there is a lack of data ...

    Authors: Caroline F Shafik, Emad W Mohareb, Aymen S Yassin, Madgy A Amin, Amani El Kholy, Hanaa El-Karaksy and Fouad G Youssef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:350
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Mycetoma is a chronic, localized, slowly progressing infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues caused either by fungi (eumycetoma or implantation mycosis) or by aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma)...

    Authors: Sayaphet Rattanavong, Sivay Vongthongchit, Khamhou Bounphamala, Phouvong Vongphakdy, Jacques Gubler, Mayfong Mayxay, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Ivo Elliott, Julie Logan, Robert Hill, Paul N Newton and David Dance
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:349
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. The incidence and mortality from necrotizing fasciitis (NF) are increasing in New Zealand (NZ). Triggered by a media report that traditional Samoan tattooing was causing NF, we conducted a chart review to inve...

    Authors: Dilip Kumar Das, Michael G Baker and Kamalesh Venugopal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Internationally, guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of Shigella infection vary widely. Cases, their contacts with diarrhoea, and those in certain occupational groups are frequently excluded from work, s...

    Authors: Lian Boveé, Jane Whelan, Gerard JB Sonder, Alje P van Dam and Anneke van den Hoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:347
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Genital Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most commonly diagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs) in men and women. Knowledge about HPV infection among men is limited. This study aims to determin...

    Authors: Vivian Colón-López, Ana P Ortiz, Lizbeth M Del Toro-Mejías, Hermes García, Michael C Clatts and Joel Palefsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:346
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Household transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) may vary with viral and demographic characteristics. We examined the effect of these factors in a population-based sample of adults with ILI.

    Authors: James M McCaw, Peter F Howard, Peter C Richmond, Michael Nissen, Theo Sloots, Stephen B Lambert, Michael Lai, Michael Greenberg, Terry Nolan and Jodie McVernon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:345
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Current guidelines regarding Lyme neuroborreliosis [LNB] require the presence of intrathecal Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibody production for the definite diagnosis of LNB. However, about 20% of early stage ...

    Authors: Johannes P Borde, Simone Meier, Volker Fingerle, Christiane Klier, Johannes Hübner and Winfried V Kern
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:344
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Compared to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), characteristics of nasal carriage and community-onset infection methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) are less well known. No characteristics of ...

    Authors: Feng-Jui Chen, Leung-Kei Kristopher Siu, Jung-Chung Lin, Chen-Her Wang and Po-Liang Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:343
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) decreases production of inflammatory cytokines, prevents C. difficile toxin A-induced enteritis and, in combination with antibiotics, increases survival from sepsi...

    Authors: Yuesheng Li, Robert A Figler, Glynis Kolling, Tara C Bracken, Jayson Rieger, Ralph W Stevenson, Joel Linden, Richard L Guerrant and Cirle Alcantara Warren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:342
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Men who have sex with men (MSM) especially those who are HIV positive are at risk for HPV-associated anal cancer. We systematically reviewed studies with data on the prevalence of vaccine preventable anal HPV ...

    Authors: Huachun Zou, Christopher K Fairley, Jane S Hocking, Suzanne M Garland, Andrew E Grulich and Marcus Y Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:341
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  50. Appropriate induction of the early Th1 cytokine IL-12 is a critical defense directed against viral infection. We have previously shown that different viruses elicited either IL-12 or IFNα dependent Th1 reactio...

    Authors: Rong-Fu Chen, Lin Wang, Jiin-Tsuey Cheng and Kuender D Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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