We thank the study participants, local implementing partners and hospital leaderships at Kayunga District Hospital, Kericho District Hospital, AC Litein Mission Hospital, Kapkatet District Hospital, Tenwek Mission Hospital, Kapsabet District Hospital, Nandi Hills District Hospital, Kisumu West District Hospital, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Defence Headquarters Medical Center, and 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital for their valuable contributions to this research.
The AFRICOS STUDY GROUP.
10 U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate – Africa, Kampala, Uganda.
11 U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate – Africa, Kericho, Kenya.
12 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya.
13 Nigerian Ministry of Defence, Abuja, Nigeria.
14 National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania.
15 Mbeya Regional Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania.
The AFRICOS Study Group members include:
From the US Military HIV Research Program Headquarters Group: Danielle Bartolanzo, 1,3 Alexus Reynolds, 1,3 Katherine Song, 1,3 Mark Milazzo, 1,3 Leilani Francisco, 1,3 Steven Schech, 1,3 Badryah Omar, 1,3 Tsedal Mebrahtu, 1,3 Elizabeth Lee,1 Kimberly Bohince,3 Ajay Parikh, 1,3 Jaclyn Hern, 1,3 Emma Duff, 1,3 Kara Lombardi, 1,3 Michelle Imbach, 1,3 and Leigh Anne Eller1,3;
From the AFRICOS Uganda Group: Michael Semwogerere,5 Prossy Naluyima,5 Godfrey Zziwa,5 Allan Tindikahwa,5 Claire Nakazzi Bagenda,5 Hilda Mutebe,5 Cate Kafeero,5 Enos Baghendaghe,5 William Lwebuge,5 Freddie Ssentogo,5 Hellen Birungi,5 Josephine Tegamanyi,5 Paul Wangiri,5 Christine Nabanoba,5 Phiona Namulondo,5 Richard Tumusiime,5 Ezra Musingye,5 Christina Nanteza,5 Joseph Wandege,5 Michael Waiswa,5 Evelyn Najjuma,5 Olive Maggaga,5 Isaac Kato Kenoly,5 Barbara Mukanza5 and Monica Millard11;
From the AFRICOS South Rift Valley, Kenya Group: Rither Langat,1,6 Aaron Ngeno,6,11 Lucy Korir,11,12 Raphael Langat,6,11 Francis Opiyo,11,12 Alex Kasembeli,1,6 Christopher Ochieng,6,11 Japhet Towett,6,11 Jane Kimetto,6,11 Brighton Omondi,6,11 Mary Leelgo,6,11 Michael Obonyo,11,12 Linner Rotich,11 Enock Tonui,11 Ella Chelangat,11 Joan Kapkiai,6,11 Salome Wangare,11 Zeddy Bett Kesi,6,11 Janet Ngeno,11 Edwin Langat,11 Kennedy Labosso,1,11 Joshua Rotich,11 Leonard Cheruiyot,11 Enock Changwony,11 Mike Bii,11 Ezekiel Chumba,11 Susan Ontango,11,12 Danson Gitonga,11 Samuel Kiprotich,11 Bornes Ngtech,11,12 Grace Engoke,11,12 Irene Metet,6,11 Alice Airo,6,11 and Ignatius Kiptoo11,12;
From the AFRICOS Kisumu, Kenya Group: Valentine Sing’oei,7,8 Winnie Rehema,7,8 Solomon Otieno,7,12 Celine Ogari,7.8 Elkanah Modi,8 Oscar Adimo,7,8 Charles Okwaro,7,8 Christine Lando,8 Margaret Onyango,8 Iddah Aoko,7,8 Kennedy Obambo,7,8 Joseph Meyo,7,8 and George Suja8;
From the AFRICOS Abuja, Nigeria Group: Laura Chittenden,4 Nnamdi Azuakola,1,2 Mfreke Asuquo,1,2 Afoke Kokogho, 1,2 Samirah Sani Mohammed, 1,2 Ifeanyi Okoye,4 Sunday Odeyemi,1,2 Aminu Suleiman,4 Lawrence C. Umeji,1,2 Onome Enas,13 Miriam Ayogu,1,2 Ijeoma Chigbu-Ukaegbu,1,2 Wilson Adai,1,2 Felicia Anayochukwu Odo,1,2 Rabi Abdu,13 Roseline Akiga,1,2 Helen Nwandu,1,2 Chisara Sylvestina Okolo,1,2 Ogundele Taiwo,1,2 Otene Oche Ben,13 Nicholas Innocent Eigege,1,2 Tony Ibrahim Musa,13 Juliet Chibuzor Joseph,13 Ndubuisi C. Okeke1,2;
From the AFRICOS Lagos, Nigeria Group: Zahra Parker,1,3 Nkechinyere Elizabeth Harrison,13 Uzoamaka Concilia Agbaim,1,2 Olutunde Ademola Adegbite,1,2 Ugochukwu Linus Asogwa,1,2 Adewale Adelakun,1,2 Chioma Ekeocha,1,2 Victoria Idi,13 Rachel Eluwa,13 Jumoke Titilayo Nwalozie,1,2 Igiri Faith,1,2 Blessing Irekpitan Wilson,1,2 Jacinta Elemere,2 Nkiru Nnadi,1,2 Francis Falaju Idowu,2 Ndubuisi Rosemary,13 Amaka Natalie Uzoegwu,13 Theresa Owanza Obende,13 Ifeoma Lauretta Obilor,13 Doris Emekaili,13 Edward Akinwale,1,2 and Inalegwu Ochai13;
From the AFRICOS Mbeya, Tanzania Group: Lucas Maganga,14 Samoel Khamadi,1,9 John Njegite,1,9 Connie Lueer,14 Abisai Kisinda,14 Jaquiline Mwamwaja,14 Faraja Mbwayu,14 Gloria David,14 Mtasi Mwaipopo,1,9 Reginald Gervas,1,9 Dorothy Mkondoo,1,9 Nancy Somi,1,9 Paschal Kiliba,1,9 Ephrasia Mwalongo,15 Gwamaka Mwaisanga,1,9 Johnisius Msigwa,1,9 Hawa Mfumbulwa,14 Peter Edwin,14 Willyhelmina Olomi14.
Prior presentation
This work was presented, in part, at the International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA) in Kigali, Rwanda on December 2–7, 2019.
Disclaimer
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the positions of the U.S. Army, the Department of Defense or the Department of Health and Human Services. The investigators have adhered to the policies for protection of human subjects as prescribed in AR-70.