Fig. 1

HIV support group attendance in the African Cohort Study across different time points, from enrollment visit (month 0*) to month 42 (visit 8). Due to progressively small sample sizes in later visits, the data was censored at month 42 (visit 8) follow-up with 156 participants reporting support group attendance at this time point in the entire cohort. Chi-square tests were used to assess significant differences in self-reported support group attendance across and within sites over time. There was a statistically significant difference in inter-site self-reported support group attendance across different time points, p < 0.01. Significant within-site difference in self-reported support group attendance was observed in Kayunga, Uganda (p < 0.01), SRV, Kenya (p < 0.01), Tanzania (p = 0.01), and Nigeria (p = 0.02) but not in Kisumu West, Kenya (p = 0.63). *Month zero (0) is not the same time point for all participants, as it depended on their enrollment date (ranging from Jan 2013 to Nov 2019)