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  1. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly occurring infections with wide-ranging clinical manifestations, from mild to life-threatening. There are few population-based studies of SSTIs in the period...

    Authors: Gary Thomas Ray, Jose Antonio Suaya and Roger Baxter
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Disease progression in the absence of therapy varies significantly in HIV-1 infected individuals. Both viral and host cellular molecules are implicated; however, the exact role of these factors and/or the mech...

    Authors: Karolina Duskova, Pruthvi Nagilla, Hai-Son Le, Priyadarshini Iyer, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Jeremy Martinson, Ziv Bar-Joseph, William Buchanan, Charles Rinaldo and Velpandi Ayyavoo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in 88 countries, in areas of relatively low incidence with a relevant proportion of immune suppressed patients clinical presentation, diagnosis and management may present...

    Authors: Giovanni Cenderello, Ambra Pasa, Andrea Dusi, Chiara Dentone, Federica Toscanini, Nicoletta Bobbio, Elisabetta Bondi, Valerio Del Bono, Manuela Izzo, Giovanni Riccio, Marco Anselmo, Raffaella Giacchino, Maria Grazia Marazzi, Gabriella Pagano, Giovanni Cassola, Claudio Viscoli…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The incidence of fungaemia has been increasing worldwide. It is important to distinguish non-Candida fungaemia from candidaemia because of their different antifungal susceptibilities. The aims of this study were ...

    Authors: Masaki Yamamoto, Shunji Takakura, Gou Hotta, Yasufumi Matsumura, Aki Matsushima, Miki Nagao, Yutaka Ito and Satoshi Ichiyama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Since 2000, reported syphilis cases increased ten-fold in Canada, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) co-infected with HIV. We characterized temporal patterns of of syphilis testing in a large c...

    Authors: Ann N Burchell, Vanessa G Allen, Veronika Moravan, Sandra Gardner, Janet Raboud, Darrell HS Tan, Ahmed M Bayoumi, Rupert Kaul, Tony Mazzulli, Frank McGee, Peggy Millson, Robert S Remis and Sean B Rourke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Fluoroquinolones are used with increasing frequency in children with a major risk of increasing the emergence of FQ resistance. FQ use has expanded off-label for primary antibacterial prophylaxis or treatment ...

    Authors: Zhi-Tao Yang, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Fréderic Méchaï, Martine Postaire, Stéphane Blanot, Sarah Balfagon-Viel, Xavier Nassif and Olivier Lortholary
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (APFP) has been reported to be highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region heavily burdened by malaria, yet, the impact of APFP on the immunological reference v...

    Authors: Eduardo Samo Gudo, António Prista and Ilesh V Jani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The distribution of and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections are poorly defined in high risk vulnerable populations such as urban slums in tropical sub-Saharan Africa.

    Authors: Cecilia Kathure Mbae, David James Nokes, Erastus Mulinge, Joyce Nyambura, Anthony Waruru and Samuel Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common pathogen in medical device-associated infections and have an ability to form adherent slime. We aimed to study the effects of icaA and icaD genes on the slime formation of

    Authors: Shusheng Zhou, Xiaoguang Chao, Mingming Fei, Yuanyuan Dai and Bao Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium responsible for progressive pulmonary disease, soft tissue and wound infections. The incidence of disease due to M. abscessus has been increasing in Que...

    Authors: Rachel Thomson, Carla Tolson, Hanna Sidjabat, Flavia Huygens and Megan Hargreaves
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The steady rise in the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) requires rapid and reliable methods to identify resistant strains. The current mo...

    Authors: Danila V Zimenkov, Olga V Antonova, Alexey V Kuz’min, Yulia D Isaeva, Ludmila Y Krylova, Sergey A Popov, Alexander S Zasedatelev, Vladimir M Mikhailovich and Dmitry A Gryadunov
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Reinfections of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) are common. In a two-armed intervention study at an urban STI clinic in the Netherlands, heterosexual Ct-positive visitors received an invitation for retesting after 4–5...

    Authors: Hannelore M Götz, Mireille EG Wolfers, Ad Luijendijk and Ingrid VF van den Broek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Although among women a decreasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with increasing age has been consistently observed in high-resource countries, different age profiles have been reported els...

    Authors: Iacopo Baussano, Silvia Franceschi, Anna Gillio-Tos, Francesca Carozzi, Massimo Confortini, Paolo Dalla Palma, Margherita De Lillo, Annarosa Del Mistro, Laura De Marco, Carlo Naldoni, Paola Pierotti, Patrizia Schincaglia, Nereo Segnan, Manuel Zorzi, Paolo Giorgi-Rossi and Guglielmo Ronco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Malaria is a public health problem in Uganda; affecting mainly women and children. Effective treatment has been hampered by over-diagnosis and over-treatment with anti-malarial drugs among patients presenting ...

    Authors: Anthony K Mbonye, Josephine Birungi, Stephanie Yanow and Pascal Magnussen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Foodborne Yersinia enterocolitica infections continue to be a public health problem in many countries. Consumption of raw or undercooked pork is the main risk factor for yersiniosis in Germany. Small children are...

    Authors: Bettina M Rosner, Dirk Werber, Michael Höhle and Klaus Stark
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Influenza transmitted by health care workers (HCWs) is a potential threat to frail patients in acute health care settings. Therefore, immunizing HCWs against influenza should receive high priority. Despite rec...

    Authors: Josien Riphagen-Dalhuisen, Gerard Frijstein, Nannet van der Geest-Blankert, Marita Danhof-Pont, Herbert de Jager, Nita Bos, Ed Smeets, Marjan de Vries, Pieter Gallee and Eelko Hak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with high morbidity and increased mortality but many patients avoid initiation of treatment or report challenges with treatment completion. The study object...

    Authors: Lauren Fusfeld, Jyoti Aggarwal, Carly Dougher, Montserrat Vera-Llonch, Stephen Bubb, Mrudula Donepudi and Thomas F Goss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment is critical for suppression of viral replication, reduced destruction of CD4 cells, prevention of viral resistance, promotion of immune reconstitution and slowed disease prog...

    Authors: Negassie Berhe, Desalegn Tegabu and Mekuriaw Alemayehu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The Democratic Republic of Congo experiences regular measles outbreaks. From September 2010, the number of suspected measles cases increased, especially in Katanga province, where Medecins sans Frontieres supp...

    Authors: Lise Grout, Andrea Minetti, Northan Hurtado, Gwenola François, Florence Fermon, Anne Chatelain, Géza Harczi, Jean de Dieu Ilunga Ngoie, Alexandra N’Goran, Francisco J Luquero, Rebecca F Grais and Klaudia Porten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Representative population-based data on the epidemiology of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) infections in Europe are limited. However, these data are needed in order to optimise patient care and...

    Authors: Felix C Ringshausen, Rosa-Marie Apel, Franz-Christoph Bange, Andrés de Roux, Mathias W Pletz, Jessica Rademacher, Hendrik Suhling, Dirk Wagner and Tobias Welte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) has been associated with arterial inflammation and non-calcified plaques in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and has therefore been suggested as a predictive bioma...

    Authors: Andreas Knudsen, Holger Jon Møller, Terese L Katzenstein, Jan Gerstoft, Niels Obel, Gitte Kronborg, Thomas Benfield, Andreas Kjaer and Anne-Mette Lebech
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. High rates of bacterial coinfection in autopsy data from the 2009 H1N1 influenza (“flu”) pandemic suggest synergies between flu and pneumococcal disease (PD) during pandemic conditions, and highlight the impor...

    Authors: Lisa J McGarry, Kristen E Gilmore, Jaime L Rubin, Keith P Klugman, David R Strutton and Milton C Weinstein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Beside high mortality, acute bacterial meningitis may lead to a high frequency of neuropsychological sequelae. The Sahelian countries belonging to the meningitis belt experience approximately 50% of the mening...

    Authors: Jean-François Jusot, Zilahatou Tohon, Abdoul Aziz Yazi and Jean-Marc Collard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The annotation of functional genome and signaling network in M. tuberculosis are still not systematic. Essential ...

    Authors: Guangyu Xu, Bin Liu, Fang Wang, Chengguo Wei, Ying Zhang, Jiyao Sheng, Guoqing Wang and Fan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:227
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  25. The use of examination gloves is part of the standard precautions to prevent medical staff from transmission of infectious agents between patients. Gloves also protect the staff from infectious agents originat...

    Authors: Nils-Olaf Hübner, Anna-Maria Goerdt, Axel Mannerow, Ute Pohrt, Claus-Dieter Heidecke, Axel Kramer and Lars Ivo Partecke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The prevalence and the patterns of ocular inflammatory disease and ocular tuberculosis (TB) are largely undocumented among Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus...

    Authors: Salil Mehta, Homa Mansoor, Samsuddin Khan, Peter Saranchuk and Petros Isaakidis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Two phylogenetic lineages of influenza B virus coexist and circulate in the human population (B/Yamagata and B/Victoria) but only one B-strain is included in each seasonal vaccine. Mismatch regularly occurs be...

    Authors: Jiří Beran, Mathieu Peeters, Walthère Dewé, Jolana Raupachová, Lenka Hobzová and Jeanne-Marie Devaster
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is difficult in infants and young children. For microbiological confirmation of PTB children, sequential gastric lavage (GL) is recommended. Induced sputum (IS) may be...

    Authors: Marta Ruiz Jiménez, Sara Guillén Martín, Luis M Prieto Tato, Juana B Cacho Calvo, Ana Álvarez García, Beatriz Soto Sánchez and Jose T Ramos Amador
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) nasal colonization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections and SA eradication from the nares has proven to be effective in reducing endogenous infections...

    Authors: Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan, Ryan P Lamers, Austin Ellis, Vanathy Paramanandam, Alana B Persaud, Sergio Tafur, Christopher L Parkinson and Alexander M Cole
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Co-receptor tropism (CRT) in patients with a long history of HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral treatment has been rarely investigated to date. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of X4 and R...

    Authors: Annalisa Saracino, Laura Monno, Luigia Scudeller, Giuseppe Bruno, Nicoletta Ladisa, Grazia Punzi, Anna Volpe, Antonella Lagioia and Gioacchino Angarano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Candidemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly in Asia. Anidulafungin has been reported to be an effective treatment for candidemia in Western populations, ...

    Authors: Piroon Mootsikapun, Po-Ren Hsueh, Deepak Talwar, Vilma M Co, Viraj Rajadhyaksha and Moh-Lim Ong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Liver cancer is the second most-frequent cause of cancer death in Korea. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver cancer, and this disease is effectively prevented by HBV vaccination. This s...

    Authors: Boyoung Park, Kui Son Choi, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Min-Son Kwak, Jae Kwan Jun and Eun-Cheol Park
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a chronic pulmonary infection caused by Actinomyces. Both improving oral hygiene and early application of antibiotics to the case of suspicious pulmonary infections result in changes in...

    Authors: So Ri Kim, Lae Young Jung, In-Jae Oh, Young-Chul Kim, Kyeong-Cheol Shin, Min Ki Lee, Sei-Hoon Yang, Hee Sun Park, Mi-Kyung Kim, Jin Young Kwak, Soo-Jung Um, Seung Won Ra, Woo Jin Kim, Seungsoo Kim, Eu-Gene Choi and Yong Chul Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Particular cytokine gene polymorphisms are involved in the regulation of the antibody production. The consequences of already described IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 gene polymorphisms on biological parameters and antibo...

    Authors: Adjimon Gatien Lokossou, Célia Dechavanne, Aziz Bouraïma, David Courtin, Agnès Le Port, Rodolphe Ladékpo, Julien Noukpo, Désiré Bonou, Claude Ahouangninou, Audrey Sabbagh, Benjamin Fayomi, Achille Massougbodji, André Garcia and Florence Migot-Nabias
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Thailand occur most frequently in healthcare facilities. However, reports of community-associated MRSA are limited.

    Authors: Aroonlug Lulitanond, Teruyo Ito, Shanshuang Li, Xiao Han, Xiao Xue Ma, Chulapan Engchanil, Aroonwadee Chanawong, Chotechana Wilailuckana, Netchanok Jiwakanon and Keiichi Hiramatsu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Escherichia coli is a common cause of asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in hospitalized patients. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is frequently treated with antibiotics without a clear indication. Our goal...

    Authors: Jonas Marschall, Marilyn L Piccirillo, Betsy Foxman, Lixin Zhang, David K Warren and Jeffrey P Henderson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In Canada, surveillance systems have highlighted the increasing trend of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) human infections. Our study objectives were to evaluate the epidemiology of S. Ent...

    Authors: Csaba Varga, David L Pearl, Scott A McEwen, Jan M Sargeant, Frank Pollari and Michele T Guerin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The aims of the study were to assess the risk factors in relation to cross border activities, exposure to mosquito bite and preventive measures taken.

    Authors: Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Amal Nasir Mustafa, Hani Mat Husaain, Wan Mansor Hamzah, Apandi Mohd Yusof, Rozilawati Harun and Faezah Noor Abdullah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Bacteria and fungi are believed to influence mucosal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However their presence and relationship to disease is debated. This study used multiple detection methods to c...

    Authors: Sam Boase, Andrew Foreman, Edward Cleland, Lorwai Tan, Rachel Melton-Kreft, Harshita Pant, Fen Z Hu, Garth D Ehrlich and Peter-John Wormald
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Diarrheal diseases represent a major worldwide public health problem particularly in developing countries. Each year, at least four million children under five years of age die from diarrhea. Rotavirus, enteri...

    Authors: Wafa I Elhag, Humodi A Saeed, El Fadhil E Omer and Abdelwahid S Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Data on risk factors of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (RBV) are still scarce. We used data from female sex workers (FSW) participating in a randomized controlled microbicide trial to examine predictors of BV r...

    Authors: Fernand A Guédou, Lut Van Damme, Jennifer Deese, Tania Crucitti, Marissa Becker, Florence Mirembe, Suniti Solomon and Michel Alary
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. T. gondii expresses five members of the C1 family of cysteine proteases, includi...

    Authors: Guanghui Zhao, Aihua Zhou, Gang Lv, Min Meng, Min Sun, Yang Bai, Yali Han, Lin Wang, Huaiyu Zhou, Hua Cong, Qunli Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu and Shenyi He
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The relationship between inducible nitric oxide synthatase activity and disease severity in leptospirosis is unclear. Nitric oxide is converted to nitrites and nitrates, thus nitrite and nitrate levels (NOx) in s...

    Authors: Thilini Kalugalage, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Thamal Vithanage, Pranitha Somaratne, H Janaka De Silva, Shiroma Handunnetti and Senaka Rajapakse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The relative contribution of long term care facilities (LTCFs) and hospitals in the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is unknown.

    Authors: Vincent CC Cheng, Josepha WM Tai, Zoie SY Wong, Jonathan HK Chen, Kris BQ Pan, Yizhen Hai, Wing-Chun Ng, Denise MK Chow, Miranda CY Yau, Jasper FW Chan, Sally CY Wong, Herman Tse, Sophia SC Chan, Kwok-Leung Tsui, Felix HW Chan, Pak-Leung Ho…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The 2009 pandemic influenza was milder than expected. Based on the apparent lack of pre-existing cross-protective antibodies to the A (H1N1)pdm09 strain, it was hypothesized that pre-existing CD4+ T cellular i...

    Authors: Venkata R Duvvuri, Bhargavi Duvvuri, Veronica Jamnik, Jonathan B Gubbay, Jianhong Wu and Gillian E Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Metabolic abnormalities are common in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the biochemical details and underlying mechanisms of these disorders have not been defined.

    Authors: Edana Cassol, Vikas Misra, Alexander Holman, Anupa Kamat, Susan Morgello and Dana Gabuzda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a broad spectrum of illnesses ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Quantitative data on the burden of pneumococcal disease,...

    Authors: Joon Young Song, Jun Yong Choi, Jin Soo Lee, In-Gyu Bae, Young Keun Kim, Jang Wook Sohn, Yu Mi Jo, Won Suk Choi, Jacob Lee, Kyung Hwa Park, Woo Joo Kim and Hee Jin Cheong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Pakistan is considered as an endemic country for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever with numerous outbreaks and sporadic cases reported during the past two decades. Majority of cases are reported from Baluchistan...

    Authors: Muhammad Masroor Alam, Adnan Khurshid, Salmaan Sharif, Shahzad Shaukat, Muhammad Suleman Rana, Mehar Angez and Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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