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  1. Primary renal aspergillosis is rare in diabetic patients. Diagnosis of localized primary renal Aspergillus infection in diabetic patients requires careful investigations due to its benign presentation and lack of...

    Authors: Jalaluddin A Haq, Mohammad AM Khan, Nazma Afroze and Tahniyah Haq
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:58
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  2. Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It is extremely contagious and is frequent in children. Indeed, in the absence of vaccination, a high proportion of the populatio...

    Authors: Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, María Ordobás, Cristina García-Fernández, Luis García-Comas, Soledad Cañellas, Inmaculada Rodero, Ángeles Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Juan García-Gutiérrez and Rosa Ramírez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT) have historically been lower in European than in American cohort studies, possibly due to differences in population characteristics. The Pediatric AIDS Cli...

    Authors: Marie-Louise Newell, Sharon Huang, Simona Fiore, Claire Thorne, Laurent Mandelbrot, John L Sullivan, Robert Maupin, Isaac Delke, D Heather Watts, Richard D Gelber and Coleen K Cunningham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Contaminated environmental surfaces may play an important role in transmission of some healthcare-associated pathogens. In this study, we assessed the adequacy of cleaning practices in rooms of patients with Clos...

    Authors: Brittany C Eckstein, Daniel A Adams, Elizabeth C Eckstein, Agam Rao, Ajay K Sethi, Gopala K Yadavalli and Curtis J Donskey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Shigella spp. are major cause of diarrhoeal disease in both developing and developed countries. Shigella sonnei is the serogroup of Shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in dev...

    Authors: Reza Ranjbar, Aurora Aleo, Giovanni M Giammanco, Anna Maria Dionisi, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard and Caterina Mammina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Low vitamin E levels are often found in HIV-1 infection, and studies have suggested that higher levels may decrease the risk of disease progression. However, vitamin E supplementation has also been reported to...

    Authors: Susan M Graham, Jared M Baeten, Barbra A Richardson, Daniel D Bankson, Ludo Lavreys, Jeckoniah O Ndinya-Achola, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Julie Overbaugh and R Scott McClelland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The infection rate of hepatitis B virus is continuously increasing in Pakistan. Therefore, a comprehensive study of epidemiological data is the need of time.

    Authors: Muhammad Masroor Alam, Soahil Zahoor Zaidi, Salman Akbar Malik, Asif Naeem, Shahzad Shaukat, Salmaan Sharif, Mehar Angez, Anis Khan and Javed Aslam Butt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Salmonella meningitis is a rare and serious infection of the central nervous system following acute Salmonella enterica sepsis. For this pathogen, no appropriate model has been reported in which to examine infec...

    Authors: Mark E Wickham, Nat F Brown, John Provias, B Brett Finlay and Brian K Coombes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The Andean valleys of Bolivia are the only reported location of sylvatic Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Chagas disease in this country, and the high human prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in this...

    Authors: Juan Carlos Pizarro, David E Lucero and Lori Stevens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Amongst school-aged children living in malaria endemic areas, chronic morbidity and exacerbation of morbidity associated with other infections are often not coincident with the presence or levels of Plasmodium pa...

    Authors: Shona Wilson, Mark Booth, Frances M Jones, Joseph K Mwatha, Gachuhi Kimani, H Curtis Kariuki, Birgitte J Vennervald, John H Ouma, Eric Muchiri and David W Dunne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Although melioidosis in endemic regions is usually caused by a diverse range of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains, clonal outbreaks from contaminated potable water have been described. Furthermore B. pseudomallei

    Authors: Bart J Currie, Daniel Gal, Mark Mayo, Linda Ward, Daniel Godoy, Brian G Spratt and John J LiPuma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Commercial diagnostics are commonly used to identify gram-positive bacteria. Errors have been reported mostly at the species level. We have found certain phenotypic criteria used in API systems which significa...

    Authors: Wanla Kulwichit, Sumanee Nilgate, Tanittha Chatsuwan, Sunisa Krajiw, Chudaachhara Unhasuta and Anan Chongthaleong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. In August 2002, the antifungal prophylaxis algorithm for neutropenic hematology/oncology (NHO) patients at the Medical Center was changed from conventional amphotericin (AMB) to an azole (AZ) based regimen (fl...

    Authors: Amy Riedel, Lan Choe, John Inciardi, Courtney Yuen, Thomas Martin and B Joseph Guglielmo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection among HIV-infected individuals, a major source of serious complications among organ-transplant recipients, and a leading cause of hearing loss, vision ...

    Authors: Fernando AB Colugnati, Stephanie AS Staras, Sheila C Dollard and Michael J Cannon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The diagnosis of an acute or convalescent West Nile (WN) virus infection can be confirmed by various serological assays such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), or neutralisation test ...

    Authors: Matthias Niedrig, Oliver Donoso Mantke, Doris Altmann and Hervé Zeller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. One of the main uses of seroprevalence studies it to evaluate vaccination programmes. In 1998, a programme of universal vaccination of preadolescents in schools with the hepatitis A vaccine was begun in Catalo...

    Authors: Àngela Domínguez, Miquel Bruguera, Pere Plans, Jordi Espuñes, Josep Costa, Antoni Plasencia and Lluis Salleras
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) remains problematic despite many new advanced diagnostic methods. A reliable and rapid diagnostic test, which could be performed in any standard pathology laboratory, would help ...

    Authors: Rajpal S Kashyap, Anju N Rajan, Sonali S Ramteke, Vijay S Agrawal, Sanjivani S Kelkar, Hemant J Purohit, Girdhar M Taori and Hatim F Daginawala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in blood donors could represent a risk for transmission in blood recipients. There is scarce information about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in blood donors in M...

    Authors: Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Miguel Francisco Mercado-Suarez, Alfredo Rodríguez-Briones, Laura Fallad-Torres, Julio Octavio Ayala-Ayala, Luis Jorge Nevarez-Piedra, Ehecatl Duran-Morales, Sergio Estrada-Martínez, Oliver Liesenfeld, José Ángel Márquez-Conde and Sergio Arturo Martínez-García
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Influenza pandemic preparedness plans are currently developed and refined on national and international levels. Much attention has been given to the administration of antiviral drugs, but contact reduction can...

    Authors: Hans P Duerr, Stefan O Brockmann, Isolde Piechotowski, Markus Schwehm and Martin Eichner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are double-stranded DNA viruses, considered to be the primary etiological agents in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and cancers. Approximately 15–20 of the 40 mucosal HPVs conf...

    Authors: Christopher Ng'andwe, John J Lowe, Paula J Richards, Lara Hause, Charles Wood and Peter C Angeletti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Previous studies on factors predicting the prognosis of infective endocarditis have given somewhat conflicting results. Our aim was to define the factors predicting the outcome of patients treated in a Finnish...

    Authors: Maija Heiro, Hans Helenius, Saija Hurme, Timo Savunen, Erik Engblom, Jukka Nikoskelainen and Pirkko Kotilainen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Ertapenem is a once-a-day carbapenem and has excellent activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria. The susceptibility of isolates of community-acquired b...

    Authors: Sai-Cheong Lee, Shie-Shian Huang, Chao-Wei Lee, Chang-Phone Fung, Ning Lee, Wen-Bin Shieh and LK Siu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. We conducted an assessment of knowledge about blood borne pathogens (BBP) and use of universal precautions at first level care facilities (FLCF) in two districts of Pakistan.

    Authors: Naveed Z Janjua, Mahreen Razaq, Subhash Chandir, Shafquat Rozi and Bushra Mahmood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Universal BCG vaccination in the UK ended in 2005. The new vaccination policy instead offers a number of different forms of selective vaccination to newborns based on risk of acquiring TB. We set out to assess...

    Authors: Morris Gordon, Hannah Roberts and Egware Odeka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The identification of antigens able to differentiate tuberculosis (TB) disease from TB infection would be valuable. Cellular and humoral immune responses to Erp (Exported repetitive protein) – a recently ident...

    Authors: Valérie Martinez, Guislaine Carcelain, Edgar Badell, Marc Jouan, Isabelle Mauger, Pierre Sellier, Chantal Truffot, François Bricaire, Sandra M Arend, Tom Ottenhoff, Brigitte Autran and Brigitte Gicquel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The epidemiology of E. ruminantium infection in extensively managed young animals is not adequately understood. Thus in this study, we monitored the onset (age at first infection) and kinetics of E. ruminantium i...

    Authors: Bonto Faburay, Dirk Geysen, Susanne Munstermann, Lesley Bell-Sakyi and Frans Jongejan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. DNA fingerprinting by IS6110-RFLP has shown a high incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates having no and low copies of the insertion sequence in Kerala, South India. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphis...

    Authors: Manju Y Krishnan, Indulakshmi Radhakrishnan, Biljo V Joseph, Madhavi Latha GK, Ajay Kumar R and Sathish Mundayoor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Endophthalmitis is the inflammatory response to invasion of the eye with bacteria or fungi. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery varies between 0.072–0.13 percent. Treatment of endophthalmit...

    Authors: Sayime Aydin, Bulent Ertugrul, Berna Gultekin, Guliz Uyar and Erkin Kir
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:87
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Vancomycin use is considered inappropriate in most hospitals. A particular concern is the recent emergence of S. aureus with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, making it important to reduce overall exposure ...

    Authors: Moacyr S Junior, Luci Correa, Alexandre R Marra, Luis FA Camargo and Carlos AP Pereira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The ability of medical residents training at U.S. urban medical centers to diagnose and manage tuberculosis cases has important public health implications. We assessed medical resident knowledge about tubercul...

    Authors: Petros C Karakousis, Frangiscos G Sifakis, Ruben Montes de Oca, Valerianna C Amorosa, Kathleen R Page, Yukari C Manabe and James D Campbell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Resistance and susceptibility to scrapie has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms located within codons 136, 154 and 171 of the ovine prion protein gene (PRNP). Dual-labelled HyBeacon probes were ...

    Authors: David J French, Dominic Jones, David G McDowell, Jim A Thomson and Paul G Debenham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The World Health Organization recommends periodic mass antibiotic distributions to reduce the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma, the world's leading cause of infectious blindness. Their stated go...

    Authors: Kathryn J Ray, Travis C Porco, Kevin C Hong, David C Lee, Wondu Alemayehu, Muluken Melese, Takele Lakew, Elizabeth Yi, Jenafir House, Jaya D Chidambaram, John P Whitcher, Bruce D Gaynor and Thomas M Lietman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Relatively few studies have been done in Tanzania to detect and classify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains among children with diarrhea. This study aimed at investigating DEC among children in Dar es S...

    Authors: Sabrina J Moyo, Samwel Y Maselle, Mecky I Matee, Nina Langeland and Haima Mylvaganam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. From June to November 2005, 18 cases of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD) were reported in Rapid City South Dakota. We conducted epidemiologic and environmental investigations to identify the sourc...

    Authors: Rosalyn E O'Loughlin, Lon Kightlinger, Matthew C Werpy, Ellen Brown, Valerie Stevens, Clark Hepper, Tim Keane, Robert F Benson, Barry S Fields and Matthew R Moore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In Finland, the annual number of MRSA notifications to the National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR) has constantly increased since 1995, and molecular typing has revealed numerous outbreak isolates of MRSA....

    Authors: Anne-Marie Kerttula, Outi Lyytikäinen, Minna Kardén-Lilja, Salha Ibrahem, Saara Salmenlinna, Anni Virolainen and Jaana Vuopio-Varkila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Military members, injured in Afghanistan or Iraq, have returned home with multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The source of these infections is unknown.

    Authors: Homer C Tien, Anthony Battad, Elizabeth A Bryce, Jeffrey Fuller, Michael Mulvey, Kathy Bernard, Ronald Brisebois, Jay J Doucet, Sandro B Rizoli, Robert Fowler and Andrew Simor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. NOD2, an intracellular pathogen recognition sensor, modulates innate defences to muropeptides derived from various bacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Experimentally, NOD2 attenuates tw...

    Authors: Sanjay Lala, Keertan Dheda, Jung-Su Chang, Jim F Huggett, Louise U Kim, Margaret A Johnson, Graham AW Rook, Satish Keshav and Alimuddin Zumla
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Candida krusei infections are associated with high mortality. In order to explore ways to prevent these infections, we investigated potential routes for nosocomial spread and possible clonality of C. krusei in a...

    Authors: Timo Hautala, Irma Ikäheimo, Heidi Husu, Marjaana Säily, Timo Siitonen, Pirjo Koistinen, Jaana Vuopio-Varkila, Markku Koskela and Pekka Kujala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Emerging molecular, animal model and epidemiologic evidence suggests that Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) isolates vary in their capacity to cause human infection and disease. The translocate...

    Authors: James L Bono, James E Keen, Michael L Clawson, Lisa M Durso, Michael P Heaton and William W Laegreid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISPOT assays incorporating Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens are useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) or latent infection. However, their utility in patients with adv...

    Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Nonzwakazi Bangani, Monica Vogt, Linda-Gail Bekker, Motasim Badri, Marjorie Ntobongwana, Hazel M Dockrell, Robert J Wilkinson and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The coinfections HIV/HCV/HBV are an important health issue in penitentiary communities. The aim of the study was to examine HIV, HBV and HCV coinfections determinants amongst prisoners in the jails of Southern...

    Authors: Giuseppe La Torre, Luca Miele, Giacomina Chiaradia, Alice Mannocci, Manuela Reali, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Elisabetta De Vito, Antonio Grieco and Walter Ricciardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Bacterial meningitis remains a source of substantial morbidity and mortality in childhood. During the last decades gradual changes have been observed in the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, related to the...

    Authors: Maria N Theodoridou, Vasiliki A Vasilopoulou, Erato E Atsali, Anastasia M Pangalis, Glyceria J Mostrou, Vassiliki P Syriopoulou and Christos S Hadjichristodoulou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Onychomycosis has a high prevalance among immunocompromised patients such as diabetics and hemodialysis patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis among hemodialysi...

    Authors: Güven Kuvandik, Meryem Çetin, Gultekin Genctoy, Mehmet Horoz, Mehmet Duru, Cenk Akcali, Salim Satar, Ahmet A Kiykim and Hasan Kaya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Candidemia is a major infectious complication of seriously immunocompromised patients. In the absence of specific signs and symptoms, there is a need to evolve an appropriate diagnostic approach. A number of m...

    Authors: Fasahat F Alam, Abu S Mustafa and Zia U Khan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Acute diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the dry season 2005/6 in Tamale,...

    Authors: Klaus Reither, Ralf Ignatius, Thomas Weitzel, Andrew Seidu-Korkor, Louis Anyidoho, Eiman Saad, Andrea Djie-Maletz, Peter Ziniel, Felicia Amoo-Sakyi, Francis Danikuu, Stephen Danour, Rowland N Otchwemah, Eckart Schreier, Ulrich Bienzle, Klaus Stark and Frank P Mockenhaupt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Intestinal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus among hospitalized patients has been associated with increased risk of staphylococcal infection and could potentially contribute to transmission. We hypothesized t...

    Authors: Anita Bhalla, David C Aron and Curtis J Donskey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Nosocomial bacteremia is associated with a poor prognosis. Early adequate therapy has been shown to improve outcome. Consequently, rapid detection of a beginning sepsis is therefore of the utmost importance. T...

    Authors: Dominique M Vandijck, Eric A Hoste, Stijn I Blot, Pieter O Depuydt, Renaat A Peleman and Johan M Decruyenaere
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. During and shortly after birth, newborn infants are colonized with enterococci. This study analyzes predictors for early enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and describes ris...

    Authors: Markus Hufnagel, Cathrin Liese, Claudia Loescher, Mirjam Kunze, Heinrich Proempeler, Reinhard Berner and Marcus Krueger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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