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  1. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are more specific than the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Data on sensitivity are controversial in HIV infection.

    Authors: Luigia Elzi, Ingrid Steffen, Hansjakob Furrer, Jan Fehr, Matthias Cavassini, Bernard Hirschel, Matthias Hoffmann, Enos Bernasconi, Stefano Bassetti and Manuel Battegay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:319
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in Ethiopian cattle. The aim of this study was to assess BTB prevalence at an intensive contact interface in Meskan Woreda (district) in cattle, small ruminants and suspected ...

    Authors: Rea Tschopp, Kidist Bobosha, Abraham Aseffa, Esther Schelling, Meseret Habtamu, Rahel Iwnetu, Elena Hailu, Rebuma Firdessa, Jemal Hussein, Douglas Young and Jakob Zinsstag
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Colistin is used as last treatment option for pneumonia associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas spp.. Literature about the best administration mode (inhalation versus parenteral treatment) is lackin...

    Authors: Reinout Naesens, Erika Vlieghe, Walter Verbrugghe, Philippe Jorens and Margareta Ieven
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Infection with certain human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the most important risk factor associated with cervical cancer. This study an...

    Authors: Paloma Martín, Linah Kilany, Diego García, Ana M López-García, Mª José Martín-Azaña, Victor Abraira and Carmen Bellas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:316
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Most methadone-maintained injection drug users (IDUs) have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but few initiate HCV treatment. Physicians may be reluctant to treat HCV in IDUs because of concerns about...

    Authors: Alain H Litwin, Karina M Berg, Xuan Li, Jennifer Hidalgo and Julia H Arnsten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:315
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. The increasing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and pneumococcal immunization along with shifting community exposures may have altered the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease in HIV-infe...

    Authors: Reed AC Siemieniuk, Dan B Gregson and M John Gill
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. During the 2009 influenza A/H1N1v pandemic, children were identified as a specific "at risk" group. We conducted a multicentric study to describe pattern of influenza A/H1N1v infection among hospitalized child...

    Authors: Sophie Blumental, Elisabeth Huisman, Marie-Coralie Cornet, Christine Ferreiro, Iris De Schutter, Marijke Reynders, Ingrid Wybo, Benoît Kabamba-Mukadi, Ruth Armano, Dominique Hermans, Marie-Cécile Nassogne, Bhavna Mahadeb, Christine Fonteyne, Gerlant Van Berlaer, Jack Levy, Didier Moulin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Antibiotic resistance has necessitated fluoroquinolone use but little is known about the selective forces and resistance trajectory in malaria-endemic settings, where selection from the antimalarial chloroquin...

    Authors: Adebayo Lamikanra, Jennifer L Crowe, Rebeccah S Lijek, Babatunde W Odetoyin, John Wain, A Oladipo Aboderin and Iruka N Okeke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Mycobacterium genavense is a rare nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Human infections are mostly disseminated in the setting of the AIDS epidemic or the use of aggressive immunosuppressive treatments. M. genaven...

    Authors: Blandine Rammaert, Louis-Jean Couderc, Elisabeth Rivaud, Patrick Honderlick, David Zucman, Marie-France Mamzer, Pierre Cahen, Emmanuel Bille, Marc Lecuit, Olivier Lortholary and Emilie Catherinot
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:311
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is characterized by HBV DNA persistence even though the pattern of serological markers indicates an otherwise resolved HBV infection. Although OBI is usually clin...

    Authors: Andrea Costantini, Katia Marinelli, Giulia Biagioni, Alessia Monachetti, Monica L Ferreri, Luca Butini, Maria Montroni, Aldo Manzin and Patrizia Bagnarelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:310
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. Current knowledge on the exact ligand causing expression of TREM-1 on neutrophils and monocytes is limited. The present study aimed at the role of underlying infection and of the causative pathogen in the expr...

    Authors: Thekla Poukoulidou, Aikaterini Spyridaki, Ira Mihailidou, Petros Kopterides, Aikaterini Pistiki, Zoi Alexiou, Michael Chrisofos, Ioanna Dimopoulou, Panagiotis Drimoussis, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Ioannis Koutelidakis, Androniki Marioli, Anna Mega, Stylianos E Orfanos, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Christos Tsironis…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Although malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been extensively evaluated since their introduction in the early 1990's, sensitivity and specificity vary widely limiting successful integration into clinica...

    Authors: Lisa K Allen, Jennifer M Hatfield, Giselle DeVetten, Jeremy C Ho and Mange Manyama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Trichomonas vaginalis has been associated with increased vaginal HIV-1 RNA shedding in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve women. The effect of trichomoniasis on vaginal HIV-1 shedding in ART-treated women has no...

    Authors: Linnet N Masese, Susan M Graham, Ruth Gitau, Nobert Peshu, Walter Jaoko, Jeckoniah O Ndinya-Achola, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Barbra A Richardson, Julie Overbaugh and R Scott McClelland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:307
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. A paradoxical immunologic response (PIR) to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), defined as viral suppression without CD4 cell-count improvement, has been reported in the literature as 8 to 42%, aroun...

    Authors: Janaina AS Casotti, Luciana N Passos, Fabiano JP Oliveira and Crispim Cerutti Jr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:306
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Community-based screening for TB, combined with HIV and syphilis testing, faces a number of barriers. One significant barrier is the value that target communities place on such screening.

    Authors: Neela D Goswami, Emily Hecker, David P Holland, Susanna Naggie, Gary M Cox, Ann Mosher, Debbie Turner, Yvonne Torres, Carter Vickery, Marshall A Ahearn, Michela LM Blain, Petra Rasmussen and Jason E Stout
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:305
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Bronchiectasis is frequently associated (up to 30%) with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and leads to lower respiratory tract infections. Data are lacking on the risk of lower respiratory tract infecti...

    Authors: Guillaume Geri, Sabrina Dadoun, Tach Bui, Nuria Del Castillo Pinol, Simon Paternotte, Maxime Dougados and Laure Gossec
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:304
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) infection in intensive care unit (ICU) patients prolongs ICU stay and causes high mortality. Predicting HA-MRSA infection on admission c...

    Authors: Kazuma Yamakawa, Osamu Tasaki, Miyuki Fukuyama, Junichi Kitayama, Hiroki Matsuda, Yasushi Nakamori, Satoshi Fujimi, Hiroshi Ogura, Yasuyuki Kuwagata, Toshimitsu Hamasaki and Takeshi Shimazu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:303
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Data on the epidemiology and costs related to herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Spain are scarce; therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the epidemiological and economic impact of HZ an...

    Authors: Ana M Cebrián-Cuenca, Javier Díez-Domingo, María San-Martín-Rodríguez, Joan Puig-Barberá and Jorge Navarro-Pérez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:302
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Meningitis is notoriously difficult to diagnose in infancy because its clinical features are non-specific. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines suggest several indicative signs, based on limited data. We...

    Authors: Michael K Mwaniki, Alison W Talbert, Patricia Njuguna, Mike English, Eugene Were, Brett S Lowe, Charles R Newton and James A Berkley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:301
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the frequent risks encountered by travelers. Efficient interventions are needed to improve the understanding of the risks of STIs. We investigated the potential...

    Authors: Nicolas Senn, Serge de Valliere, Didier Berdoz and Blaise Genton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:300
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The immature granulocyte count has been reported to be a marker of infection and sepsis. The difference in leukocyte subfractions (delta neutrophil index, DNI) in ADVIA 2120 reflects the fraction of circulatin...

    Authors: Byung Hoon Park, Young Ae Kang, Moo Suk Park, Won Jai Jung, Su Hwan Lee, Sang Kook Lee, Song Yee Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Ji Ye Jung and Young Sam Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. HIV patients are at increased risk of development of infections and infection-associated poor health outcomes. We aimed to 1) assess the prevalence of USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococ...

    Authors: Jon P Furuno, Jennifer K Johnson, Marin L Schweizer, Anayochukwu Uche, Oscar C Stine, Simone M Shurland and Graeme N Forrest
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:298
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a prevalent pathogen of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in Taiwan. A four-year NF cases and clinical and genetic differences between hospital acquired ...

    Authors: Chih-Hsuan Changchien, Ying-Ying Chen, Shu-Wun Chen, Wan-Lin Chen, Jwu-Guh Tsay and Chishih Chu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The incidence rate of Nocardia keratitis is increasing, with new species identified thanks to molecular methods. We herein report a case of Nocardia transvalensis keratitis, illustrating this emerging pathology a...

    Authors: Elodie Trichet, Stéphan Cohen-Bacrie, John Conrath, Michel Drancourt and Louis Hoffart
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:296
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Travellers' diarrhoea (TD) is the most common infectious disease among travellers. In the Netherlands, stand-by or prophylactic antibiotics are not routinely prescribed to travellers. This study prospectively ...

    Authors: Sanne-Meike Belderok, Anneke van den Hoek, Joan A Kint, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff and Gerard JB Sonder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:295
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is commonly seen among hospitalized Nepali children. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) accounts for approximately one-quarter of cases. Although poor prognostic features for JE have ...

    Authors: Ajit Rayamajhi, Imran Ansari, Elizabeth Ledger, Krishna P Bista, Daniel E Impoinvil, Sam Nightingale, Rajendra Kumar BC, Chandeshwor Mahaseth, Tom Solomon and Michael J Griffiths
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Over 90% of all antibiotics in Europe are prescribed in primary care. It is important that antibiotics are prescribed that are likely to be effective; however, information about antibiotic resistance in the co...

    Authors: Evelien ME van Bijnen, Casper DJ den Heijer, W John Paget, Ellen E Stobberingh, Robert A Verheij, Cathrien A Bruggeman, Mike Pringle, Herman Goossens and François G Schellevis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:293
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. The HIV epidemic in Russia has increasingly involved reproductive-aged women, which may increase perinatal HIV transmission.

    Authors: Dmitry M Kissin, Michele G Mandel, Natalia Akatova, Nikolay A Belyakov, Aza G Rakhmanova, Evgeny E Voronin, Galina V Volkova, Alexey A Yakovlev, Denise J Jamieson, Charles Vitek, Joanna Robinson, William C Miller and Susan Hillis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. In 2010, intense focus was brought to bear on febrile convulsions in Australian children particularly in relation to influenza vaccination. Febrile convulsions are relatively common in infants and can lead to ...

    Authors: Benjamin G Polkinghorne, David J Muscatello, C Raina MacIntyre, Glenda L Lawrence, Paul M Middleton and Siranda Torvaldsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Subculturing has been extensively used to attenuate human pathogens. In this work we studied the effect of continuous subculturing of Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 on virulence in a murine model.

    Authors: Janeth A Almaguer-Chávez, Oliverio Welsh, Hector G Lozano-Garza, Salvador Said-Fernández, Víktor J Romero-Díaz, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani and Lucio Vera-Cabrera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:290
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Actinobaculum schaalii is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, classified as a new genus in 1997. It grows slowly and therefore is easily overgrown by other pathogens, which are often found concom...

    Authors: Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Reno Frei, Maja Weisser, Daniel Goldenberger and Andreas F Widmer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:289
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Globally, China is the second place with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the characteristics of the pathogens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in this area is helpful for understanding...

    Authors: Qiao Liu, Dandan Yang, Weiguo Xu, Jianming Wang, Bing LV, Yan Shao, Honghuan Song, Guoli Li, Haiyan Dong, Kanglin Wan and Hua Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The development of hVISA has been associated with vancomycin clinical failures and is commonly misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Therefore, the objectives of this present study was to improv...

    Authors: Yoriko Harigaya, Dung Ngo, Alan J Lesse, Vanthida Huang and Brian T Tsuji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) account for a substantial portion of outpatient antibiotic utilization. However, the pharmacodynamic activity of commonly used oral antibiotic regimens has n...

    Authors: Carlos RV Kiffer and Antonio CC Pignatari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:286
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Young people are disproportionately affected by sexually transmissible infections in Australia but face barriers to accessing sexual health services, including concerns over confidentiality and, for some, geog...

    Authors: Cameryn C Garrett, Jane Hocking, Marcus Y Chen, Christopher K Fairley and Maggie Kirkman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:285
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Evaluating experiences of volunteers in an HIV vaccine trial will be useful for the conduct of future trials. The purpose of this study among volunteers who participated in a phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Da...

    Authors: Edith AM Tarimo, Anna Thorson, Thecla W Kohi, Muhammad Bakari, Eric Sandstrom, Fred Mhalu and Asli Kulane
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Recently, one genome-wide association study identified a susceptibility locus of rs4331426 on chromosome 18q11.2 for tuberculosis in the African population. To validate the significance of this susceptibility ...

    Authors: Yaoyao Dai, Xia Zhang, Hongqiu Pan, Shaowen Tang, Hongbing Shen and Jianming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The role of Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus in central nervous system (CNS) infections is not fully resolved. It is clearly associated with lymphoproliferative disease of immunosuppressed persons, and may cause encep...

    Authors: Timi Martelius, Maija Lappalainen, Maarit Palomäki and Veli-Jukka Anttila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Pleural infection is a common clinical problem. Its successful treatment depends on rapid diagnosis and early initiation of antibiotics. The measurement of soluble triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cell...

    Authors: Hanssa Summah, Li-Li Tao, Ying-Gang Zhu, Hong-Ni Jiang and Jie-Ming Qu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has led clinicians to select antibiotics that have coverage against MRSA, usually vancomycin, for empiric therapy for suspected staphylococcal infecti...

    Authors: Marin L Schweizer, Jon P Furuno, Anthony D Harris, J Kristie Johnson, Michelle D Shardell, Jessina C McGregor, Kerri A Thom, Sara E Cosgrove, George Sakoulas and Eli N Perencevich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Molluscum contagiosum is a non-severe pediatric viral infection. Because it is highly contagious and current treatments have negative aesthetic and psychological effects, we want to test an alternative treatme...

    Authors: Josep R Marsal, Ines Cruz, Concepcio Teixido, Olga Diez, Mireia Martinez, Gisela Galindo, Jordi Real, Joan A Schoenenberger and Helena Pera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:278
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. Information is sparse regarding the association between international travel and hospitalization with non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion, risk factors and o...

    Authors: Kristoffer Koch, Brian Kristensen, Hanne M Holt, Steen Ethelberg, Kåre Mølbak and Henrik C Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Tuberculosis remains a serious public health threat and economic burden in Russia with escalating rates of drug resistance against a background of growing HIV-epidemic. Samara Oblast is one of the regions of t...

    Authors: Yanina Balabanova, Vladimir Tchernyshev, Igor Tsigankov, Svetlana Maximova, Natalya Mikheeva, Ljudmila Fedyukovitch, Sergey Kuznetsov, Ivan Fedorin and Francis Drobniewski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) is the cause of severe gastrointestinal infection especially among infants. Between 10 and 20 cases are reported annually to the National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR) in Finland...

    Authors: Katri Jalava, Jukka Ollgren, Marjut Eklund, Anja Siitonen and Markku Kuusi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The convergent distribution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and helminth infections has led to the suggestion that infection with helminths exacerbates the HIV epidemic in developing countries. In So...

    Authors: Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana, Myra Taylor, Pieter Jooste, Musawenkosi LH Mabaso and Gerhard Walzl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Studies of recent hospital outbreaks caused by multiresistant P.aeruginosa (MRPA) have often failed to identify a specific environmental reservoir. We describe an outbreak due to a single clone of multiresistant ...

    Authors: Cristina Suarez, Carmen Peña, Olga Arch, M Angeles Dominguez, Fe Tubau, Carlos Juan, Laura Gavaldá, Mercedes Sora, Antonio Oliver, Miquel Pujol and Javier Ariza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. There are few and debated data regarding possible differences in the clinical presentations of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses in children. This study evaluates the clinical presentation and socio-econo...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Claudio Giuseppe Molteni, Cristina Daleno, Antonia Valzano, Emilio Fossali, Liviana Da Dalt, Valerio Cecinati, Eugenia Bruzzese, Raffaella Giacchino, Carlo Giaquinto, Angie Lackenby and Nicola Principi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused recurrent epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease among children in Singapore. Between August 2008 and July 2010, we conducted a survey to estimate the seroprevalence of EV71...

    Authors: Li-Wei Ang, Meng-Chee Phoon, Yan Wu, Jeffery Cutter, Lyn James and Vincent T Chow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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