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  1. Tissue factor (TF) is a protein that mediates the initiation of the coagulation cascade. TF expression is increased in patients with poorly-controlled HIV, and may be associated with increased immune activatio...

    Authors: Aimee C Hodowanec, Rebecca D Lee, Kirsten E Brady, Weihua Gao, Stacey Kincaid, Jill Plants, Mieoak Bahk, Nigel Mackman, Alan L Landay and Gregory D Huhn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease, is most prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, East Africa and South America. Since the conventional antileishmanial drugs have many limitations we eval...

    Authors: Mohammad Asad, Pradyot Bhattacharya, Antara Banerjee and Nahid Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. After more than a decade of establishing and expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), empirical evidence on its impact on trends of opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with the d...

    Authors: John Rubaihayo, Nazarius M Tumwesigye and Joseph Konde-Lule
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Influenza vaccination is recommended for all healthcare personnel (HCP) and most institutions offer vaccination for free and on site. However, medical students do not always have such easy access, and the pred...

    Authors: Birthe A Lehmann, Robert AC Ruiter, Sabine Wicker, Gretchen Chapman and Gerjo Kok
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Survivors of combat trauma can have long and challenging recoveries, which may be complicated by infection. Invasive fungal infections are a rare but serious complication with limited treatment options. Curren...

    Authors: Kevin S Akers, Matthew P Rowan, Krista L Niece, John C Graybill, Katrin Mende, Kevin K Chung and Clinton K Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:184
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Norovirus is an important cause of gastroenteritis both in children and adults. In China, few studies have been conducted on adult populations. This study aimed to determine the contribution of norovirus to ga...

    Authors: Ying Xue, Hao Pan, Jiayu Hu, Huanyu Wu, Jian Li, Wenjia Xiao, Xi Zhang, Zheng’an Yuan and Fan Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Inflammatory myelopathy is an inflammatory neurological disorder of the spinal cord (myelopathy). It occurs in 1 (severe) to 8 (mild) cases/million per year. It is often referred to in the literature as “trans...

    Authors: Elie Haddad, Carmen Joukhadar, Nabil Chehata, Roy Nasnas and Jacques Choucair
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:182
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  8. The incidence of M. tuberculosis (MTB) and non tuberculous Mycobacterium species (NTMs) like M. avium and M. kansasii has increased due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Therefore accurate, rapid an...

    Authors: Arnold Bainomugisa, Eddie Wampande, Chris Muchwa, Joseph Akol, Paul Mubiri, Henry Ssenyungule, Enock Matovu, Sam Ogwang and Moses Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Hepatitis B (HB) infection is common in Mali. However, there is little information on molecular and biochemical characteristics of HB carriers.

    Authors: Fatou Traoré, Emmanuelle Gormally, Stéphanie Villar, Marlin D Friesen, John D Groopman, Guy Vernet, Souleymane Diallo, Pierre Hainaut and Moussa Y Maiga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) is an important cause of hospital-acquired infection. We aimed to describe an outbreak of IRAB infection and to investigate its possible source in an intensive ca...

    Authors: Dan Ye, Jinglan Shan, Yongbo Huang, Jianchun Li, Changan Li, Xiaoqing Liu, Weiqun He, Yimin Li and Pu Mao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. We explored the impact of transient cART started during the primary HIV-infection (PHI) on the long-term immunologic and virologic response on cART resumption, by comparison with treatment initiation during th...

    Authors: Evguenia Krastinova, Remonie Seng, Jerome Lechenadec, Henri Panjo, Asma Essat, Djamila Makhloufi, Martine Obadia, Louis Bernard, Cecile Goujard and Laurence Meyer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. To investigate clinical features of infectious endophthalmitis over five years in a South Korean population.

    Authors: Ki Yup Nam, Joo Eun Lee, Ji Eun Lee, Woo Jin Jeung, Jung Min Park, Jong Moon Park, In Young Chung, Yong Seop Han, Il Han Yun, Hyun Wong Kim, Ik Soo Byon, Boo Sup Oum, Hee Sung Yoon, Dong Park, Byeng Chul Yu, Eun-Kee Park…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The causes of severe morbidity in health facilities implementing Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) programmes are poorly documented in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to describe severe morbidity among HIV-infected ...

    Authors: Yao Abo, Marcel Zannou Djimon, Eugène Messou, Eric Balestre, Martial Kouakou, Jocelyn Akakpo, Carin Ahouada, Nathalie de Rekeneire, François Dabis, Charlotte Lewden and Albert Minga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. In the Mitra plus study of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, which included 501 women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) was given from late pregnancy throughout...

    Authors: Matilda Ngarina, Charles Kilewo, Katarina Karlsson, Said Aboud, Annika Karlsson, Gaetano Marrone, Germana Leyna, Anna Mia Ekström and Gunnel Biberfeld
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionised public health microbiology. Given the potential impact of NGS, it is paramount to ensure standardisation of ‘wet’ laboratory and bioinformatic ...

    Authors: Jacob Moran-Gilad, Vitali Sintchenko, Susanne Karlsmose Pedersen, William J Wolfgang, James Pettengill, Errol Strain and Rene S Hendriksen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:174
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  17. Toxoplasma gondii infection has been associated with psychiatric diseases. However, there is no information about the link between this infection and patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoact...

    Authors: Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, David Carrillo-Oropeza, Sandy Janet Pacheco-Vega, Jesús Hernández-Tinoco, Misael Salcedo-Jaquez, Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano, María Nalleli Ortiz-Jurado, Yesenia Alarcón-Alvarado, Oliver Liesenfeld and Isabel Beristain-García
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The risk of life-threatening and invasive infections with encapsulated bacteria is increased in patients with hyposplenia or asplenia. We report a case of recurrent invasive pneumococcal meningitis in a woman ...

    Authors: Vibe C Ballegaard, Lone Schejbel, Steen Hoffmann, Bjørn Kantsø and Christian P Fischer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:171
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. The objective of this study was to explore effects of khat (Catha edulis) on outcome of rodent malaria infection and its anti-plasmodial activities on Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA).

    Authors: Tsige Ketema, Moti Yohannes, Esayas Alemayehu and Argaw Ambelu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Our aim was to determine and characterize S. aureus (SA) isolated from infections in newborns for antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, genotypes, epidemiology and antibiotic consumption.

    Authors: Dorota Romaniszyn, Anna Różańska, Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach, Agnieszka Chmielarczyk, Monika Pobiega, Paweł Adamski, Ewa Helwich, Ryszard Lauterbach, Maria Borszewska-Kornacka, Ewa Gulczyńska, Agnieszka Kordek and Małgorzata Bulanda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. This study examined colonisation with and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant organisms among residents of a long-term care facility (LTCF) over one year, including strain persistence and molecular dive...

    Authors: Catherine Ludden, Martin Cormican, Akke Vellinga, James R Johnson, Bernie Austin and Dearbháile Morris
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Dengue is endemic to the tropics and subtropics, and the most frequent of arthropod-borne viral diseases. Reliable diagnosis of dengue infection is important not only in clinical care but also in disease surve...

    Authors: Cristina Domingo, María Joao Alves, Fernando de Ory, Anette Teichmann, Herbert Schmitz, Rolf Müller and Matthias Niedrig
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The performance of recommended control measures is necessary for quick and uniform infectious disease outbreak control. To assess whether these procedures are performed, a valid set of quality indicators (QIs)...

    Authors: Evelien Belfroid, Jeannine LA Hautvast, Mirrian Hilbink, Aura Timen and Marlies EJL Hulscher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Nearly one third of the world is infected with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and a vast pool of individuals with LTBI persists in developing countries, posing a major barrier to global TB control. The a...

    Authors: Florence N Kizza, Justin List, Allan K Nkwata, Alphonse Okwera, Amara E Ezeamama, Christopher C Whalen and Juliet N Sekandi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. A worldwide poliomyelitis eradication program was initiated in 1988; however, strains of wild poliovirus (WPV) are still endemic in some countries. Until WPV transmission is eradicated globally, importation an...

    Authors: Hye-Jin Kim, Seoyeon Hwang, Somin Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Kwangsook Park, Young Joon Park, Geun-Ryang Bae, Sang Won Lee, Yong-Seok Jeong and Ji-Yeon Hyeon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. In May 2005, a long-distance outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 occurred in south-east Norway. The initial outbreak investigation without serology identified 56 la...

    Authors: Øystein Simonsen, Elisabeth Wedege, Anita Kanestrøm, Karin Bolstad, Ingeborg S Aaberge, Eivind Ragnhildstveit and Jetmund Ringstad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate ester, OE) is a widely used antiviral active against influenza A virus. Its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), is chemically stable and secreted into wastewater tre...

    Authors: Peter Norberg, Magnus Lindh and Sigvard Olofsson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Klebsiella pneumoniae has been the dominant pathogen for liver abscesses in several Asian countries. Although the prevalence of K. pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA) in mainland China is increasing recently, the clin...

    Authors: Ting-ting Qu, Jian-cang Zhou, Yan Jiang, Ke-ren Shi, Bin Li, Ping Shen, Ze-qing Wei and Yun-song Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits and safety of the long-term use of macrolides in patients with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis.

    Authors: Li-Chao Fan, Hai-Wen Lu, Ping Wei, Xiao-Bin Ji, Shuo Liang and Jin-Fu Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women of reproductive age in Thailand. However, information on the prevalence and correlates of anogenital HPV infection in Thailand is sparse.

    Authors: Morgan A Marks, Swati Gupta, Kai-Li Liaw, Amha Tadesse, Esther Kim, Chailert Phongnarisorn, Virach Wootipoom, Pissamai Yuenyao, Charoen Vipupinyo, Sungwal Rugpao, Somchai Sriplienchan, Patti E Gravitt and David D Celentano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and the second leading cause of mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy. The rates of bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients vary according to the...

    Authors: Dayana Fram, Meiry Fernanda Pinto Okuno, Mônica Taminato, Vinicius Ponzio, Silvia Regina Manfredi, Cibele Grothe, Angélica Belasco, Ricardo Sesso and Dulce Barbosa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Few studies have described time-based trends of clinical and demographic characteristics of children enrolling in HIV and AIDS care and treatment services. We present findings of a study that explored time-bas...

    Authors: David Sando, Donna Spiegelman, Lameck Machumi, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Eric Aris, Aisa Muya, Elizabeth Jackson, Till Baernighausen, Ellen Hertzmark, Guerino Chalamilla and Wafaie Fawzi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin (IL)-28B in predicting therapeutic response of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (PR) for genotype 1 infected chronic hepatitis C p...

    Authors: Ching-Chih Hu, Chih-Lang Lin, Liang-Che Chang, Cheng-Hung Chien, Li-Wei Chen, Ching-Jung Liu and Rong-Nan Chien
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Daily throughout 2011, about 900 new HIV infections occurred in children and 630 children died as a result of AIDS-related complications worldwide. Late diagnosis, mortality trends, causes of and risk factors ...

    Authors: Sandra Fagundes Moreira-Silva, Eliana Zandonade and Angélica Espinosa Miranda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. We evaluated the short-term spontaneous fluctuations of HBV DNA and HBsAg levels in Senegalese patients with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus and normal ALT and determined factors related to these fluc...

    Authors: Sarah Maylin, Jean-Marie Sire, Papa Saliou Mbaye, François Simon, Anna Sarr, Marie-Louise Evra, Fatou Fall, Jean Daveiga, Aboubakry Diallo, Jean-Marc Debonne, Loic Chartier and Muriel Vray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Tetrandrine is a natural chemical product purified from fourstamen stephania root which recently has been shown to act similarly as synthesized drug efflux pump inhibitor verapamil. The aim of the study is to exa...

    Authors: Zhe Zhang, Jie Yan, Kaijin Xu, Zhongkang Ji and Lanjuan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a frequent complication associated with hospitalization of infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the r...

    Authors: Valeria Crivaro, Lidija Bogdanović, Maria Bagattini, Vita Dora Iula, Mariarosaria Catania, Francesco Raimondi, Maria Triassi and Raffaele Zarrilli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine proteases 2 (MASP-2) are important proteins in the lectin pathway of the immune system. Polymorphism of MBL and MASP-2 genes may affect the serum concentrati...

    Authors: Mengshi Chen, Ying Liang, Wufei Li, Mian Wang, Li Hu, Benjamin Kwaku Abuaku, Xin Huang, Hongzhuan Tan and Shi Wu Wen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization. microRNA, key regulators of the immune system, have not previously been investigated in respiratory specimens during ...

    Authors: Christopher S Inchley, Tonje Sonerud, Hans O Fjærli and Britt Nakstad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination of newborn babies was introduced in Italy in 1991 and was extended to 12-years-old children for the first 12 years of application so as to cover in a dozen years t...

    Authors: Nicola Coppola, Anna Rita Corvino, Stefania De Pascalis, Giuseppe Signoriello, Eliana Di Fiore, Albert Nienhaus, Evangelista Sagnelli and Monica Lamberti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Several studies suggested that vaccines could have non-specific effects on mortality depending on the type of vaccine. Non-specific effects seem to be different in boys and girls. In this study we want to inve...

    Authors: Tessa M Schurink-van’t Klooster, Mirjam J Knol, Hester E de Melker and Marianne AB van der Sande
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Schistosoma mansoni infection represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many areas of the developing world. Effective vaccines against schistosomiasis are not available and disease management relies ...

    Authors: Shereen F Mossallam, Eglal I Amer, Radwa E Ewaisha, Amal M Khalil, Hamida M Aboushleib and Mohammed Bahey-El-Din
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common communicable disease in China. Shandong Province is one of the most seriously affected areas. The distribution of HFMD had spatial heterogeneity and seas...

    Authors: Yunxia Liu, Xianjun Wang, Chunkun Pang, Zhongshang Yuan, Hongkai Li and Fuzhong Xue
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are critical events in cystic fibrosis (CF), responsible for reduced quality of life and permanent loss of lung function. Approximately 1/4 of PEx are associated with failure to r...

    Authors: John C Lam, Ranjani Somayaji, Michael G Surette, Harvey R Rabin and Michael D Parkins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Antimalarial drugs are a powerful tool for malaria control and elimination. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) can reduce transmission when widely distributed in a campaign setting. Modelling mass ...

    Authors: Jaline Gerardin, Philip Eckhoff and Edward A Wenger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. After the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic, China established its first severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) sentinel surveillance system.

    Authors: Zhibin Peng, Luzhao Feng, Greene M Carolyn, Kaili Wang, Guozhong Zhu, Yequn Zhang, Jumei Hu, Yiwei Huang, Huiqiong Pan, Nongjian Guo, Chunyan Xing, Yanhui Chu, Zhaolong Cao, Deshan Yu, Linling Liu, Zeling Chen…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. An outbreak of dengue virus (DENV) occurred in Yunnan province. More than 2,000 individuals were infected from August to November 2013. In this study, we aimed to characterize the origin and prevalence of DENV...

    Authors: Binghui Wang, Yaping Li, Yue Feng, Hongning Zhou, Yaobo Liang, Jiejie Dai, Weihong Qin, Yunzhang Hu, Yajuan Wang, Li Zhang, Zulqarnain Baloch, Henglin Yang and Xueshan Xia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Fungal skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is a severe complication of otitis externa or sinonasal infection, and is mainly caused by Aspergillus species. Here we investigate innate and adaptive immune responses in pa...

    Authors: Corine E Delsing, Katharina L Becker, Anna Simon, Bart Jan Kullberg, Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers, Frank L van de Veerdonk and Mihai G Netea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. In limited resource settings, sputum smear conversion at the end of the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment is an indicator not only of patients’ response to treatment, but also of anti-tuberculosis prog...

    Authors: Fabrice Nembot Djouma, Michel Noubom, Jérôme Ateudjieu and Hubert Donfack
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Increased levels of markers of systemic inflammation have been associated with serious non-AIDS events even in patients on fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy. We explored residual viremia and systemic in...

    Authors: Alejandro Arenas-Pinto, Ana Milinkovic, Dimitra Peppa, Anna McKendry, Mala Maini and Richard Gilson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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