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  1. Epidemiological analyses indicate that the age distribution of natural cases of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) reflect age-related risk of infection, however, the underlying mechanisms remain...

    Authors: Suzanne G St Rose, Nora Hunter, Louise Matthews, James D Foster, Margo E Chase-Topping, Loeske EB Kruuk, Darren J Shaw, Susan M Rhind, Robert G Will and Mark EJ Woolhouse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Recent reports document an increasing incidence of new Gram-negative pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from patients with Cystic Fibrosis, along with an increase...

    Authors: Antonietta Lambiase, Valeria Raia, Mariassunta Del Pezzo, Angela Sepe, Vincenzo Carnovale and Fabio Rossano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Saudi Arabia (SA) and other Islamic countries are limited. This study describes the results of a five-year surveillance for STIs in SA.

    Authors: Tariq A Madani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis has increased in Africa as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. However, the effect of HIV co-infection on clinical features and prognosis in t...

    Authors: Bongani M Mayosi, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Jimmy A Volmink, Freedom Gumedze, Gary Maartens, Akinyemi Aje, Baby M Thomas, Kandathil M Thomas, Abolade A Awotedu, Bongani Thembela, Phindile Mntla, Frans Maritz [Late], Kathleen Ngu Blackett, Duquesne C Nkouonlack, Vanessa C Burch…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Anemia is common in HIV infection and independently associated with disease progression and mortality. The pathophysiology of HIV-related anemia is not well understood especially in infancy.

    Authors: Melissa F Miller, Jean H Humphrey, Peter J Iliff, Lucie C Malaba, Nkosinathi V Mbuya and Rebecca J Stoltzfus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Despite the high incidence of cervical cancer reported from India, large scale population based studies on the HPV prevalence and genotype distribution are very few from this region. In view of the clinical tr...

    Authors: A Pavani Sowjanya, Meenkashi Jain, Usha Rani Poli, S Padma, Manik Das, Keerti V Shah, BN Rao, Radha Rama Devi, Patti E Gravitt and Gayatri Ramakrishna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Maternal schistosomiasis and filariasis have been shown to influence infant responses to neonatal bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation but the effects of maternal hookworm, and of de-worming in pregnancy...

    Authors: Alison M Elliott, Proscovia B Namujju, Patrice A Mawa, Maria A Quigley, Margaret Nampijja, Peter M Nkurunziza, John T Belisle, Moses Muwanga and James AG Whitworth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The functional polymorphism -260 C>T in the LPS sensing TLR4 co-receptor CD14 gene enhances the transcriptional activity and results in a higher CD14 receptor density. Individuals carrying the T/T genotype also h...

    Authors: Sander Ouburg, Joke Spaargaren, Janneke E den Hartog, Jolande A Land, Johan SA Fennema, Jolein Pleijster, A Salvador Peña and Servaas A Morré
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Leishmaniasis remains a serious public health problem in several parts of the developing world. Effective prophylactic measurements are hampered by imprecise comprehension of different aspects of the disease, ...

    Authors: Arlene Caldas, Cecília Favali, Dorlene Aquino, Vera Vinhas, Johan van Weyenbergh, Cláudia Brodskyn, Jackson Costa, Manoel Barral-Netto and Aldina Barral
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) results in severe disease and a higher mortality. It also leads to an increased period of infectivity in the community. The objective of this study was to d...

    Authors: Solomon Yimer, Gunnar Bjune and Getu Alene
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The objective of this study was to establish 1) the performance of chest X-ray (CXR) in all suspects of tuberculosis (TB), as well as smear-negative TB suspects and 2) to compare the cost-effectiveness of the ...

    Authors: MRA van Cleeff, LE Kivihya-Ndugga, H Meme, JA Odhiambo and PR Klatser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Septicaemia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the developing world. This pattern has changed little in the past decade. Physical signs and symptoms, though useful in identifying po...

    Authors: Martin M Meremikwu, Chukwuemeka E Nwachukwu, Anne E Asuquo, Joseph U Okebe and Simon J Utsalo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, may cause culture-negative vascular graft infections. Very few cases of C. burnetii infection of a vascular graft have been reported. All were diagnosed by sero...

    Authors: Laurence Senn, Mario Franciolli, Didier Raoult, Alexandre Moulin, Ludwig Von Segesser, Thierry Calandra and Gilbert Greub
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:109
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Biliary atresia (BA) is the most severe hepatic disorder in newborns and its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Viral involvement has been proposed, including the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The aims of the s...

    Authors: Adriana MA De Tommaso, Paula D Andrade, Sandra CB Costa, Cecília AF Escanhoela and Gabriel Hessel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Rapidly growing mycobacteria is recognized as one of the causative agents of catheter-related infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. To date, however, Mycobacterium senegalense, which was known as the...

    Authors: Won Sup Oh, Kwan Soo Ko, Jae-Hoon Song, Mi Young Lee, Seong Yeol Ryu, Sangtaek Heo, Ki Tae Kwon, Jang-Ho Lee, Kyong Ran Peck and Nam Yong Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:107
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). High global incidence of macrolide and penicillin resistance has been reported, whereas fluoroquinolone resistance is uncommon...

    Authors: Andrea Endimiani, Gioconda Brigante, Alessia A Bettaccini, Francesco Luzzaro, Paolo Grossi and Antonio Q Toniolo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:106
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen causing female genital tract infection throughout the world. Reinfection with the same serovar, as well as multiple infections wit...

    Authors: Joseph M Lyons, Servaas A Morré, Lucy P Airo-Brown, A Salvador Peña and James I Ito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Rabies virus preferentially involves brainstem, thalamus and spinal cord in human furious and paralytic rabies beginning in the early stage of illness. Nevertheless, rabies patient remains alert until the pre-...

    Authors: Sasiwimol Juntrakul, Preecha Ruangvejvorachai, Shanop Shuangshoti, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee and Thiravat Hemachudha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Bacterial meningitis is a group of life threatening infections that mostly affect children and adolescents, and may be the cause of severe neurological sequelae. Cuba has implemented massive vaccination progra...

    Authors: Félix O Dickinson and Antonio E Pérez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The objective of this study was to review the effects of adjunctive corticosteroids on overall mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)...

    Authors: Matthias Briel, Remy Boscacci, Hansjakob Furrer and Heiner C Bucher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Candida species have various degrees of susceptibility to common antifungal drugs. The extent of resistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole of Candida glabrata isolates causing candidemia has been reported. Ac...

    Authors: Yun-Liang Yang, Shu-Ying Li, Hsiao-Hsu Cheng and Hsiu-Jung Lo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Central nervous system (CNS) exposure to HIV is a universal facet of systemic infection. Because of its proximity to and shared barriers with the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a useful window into ...

    Authors: Serena S Spudich, Annelie C Nilsson, Nicole D Lollo, Teri J Liegler, Christos J Petropoulos, Steven G Deeks, Ellen E Paxinos and Richard W Price
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Aseptic meningitis is a relatively frequent childhood disease and virologic data suggest that enteroviruses are the commonest etiologic agents. We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics of aseptic meningi...

    Authors: Kyung-Yil Lee, David Burgner, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Jin-Han Kang and Byung-Churl Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The Taiwan19F-14 Streptococcus pneumoniae clone and its variants are being found with increasing frequency in the Asia-Pacific region. A 5-year old child with S. pneumoniae meningitis caused by a high-level penic...

    Authors: Tsai-Ling Lauderdale, Wei Yang Lee, Ming Fang Cheng, I Fei Huang, Yu Chen Lin, Kai Sheng Hseih, I-Wen Huang and Christine C Chiou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Oxidative stress can be defined as an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity. There is limited information about the oxidative status in subjects with hepatitis B virus infection. We ai...

    Authors: Cengiz Bolukbas, Fusun Filiz Bolukbas, Mehmet Horoz, Mehmet Aslan, Hakim Celik and Ozcan Erel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Some studies of nosocomial bloodstream infection (nBSI) have demonstrated a higher mortality for polymicrobial bacteremia when compared to monomicrobial nBSI. The purpose of this study was to compare differenc...

    Authors: Alexandre R Marra, Gonzalo ML Bearman, Richard P Wenzel and Michael B Edmond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. We conducted a nationwide study in Denmark to identify clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae according to the focus of infection.

    Authors: Christian Østergaard, Helle Bossen Konradsen and Susanne Samuelsson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo efficacy of local and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis graft infection in a rat model and to evaluate the ba...

    Authors: Huseyin Turgut, Suzan Sacar, Ilknur Kaleli, Mustafa Sacar, Ibrahim Goksin, Semra Toprak, Ali Asan, Nural Cevahir, Koray Tekin and Ahmet Baltalarli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Myocarditis and pericarditis are rare complications of rickettsiosis, usually associated with Rickettsia rickettsii and R. conorii. African tick-bite fever (ATBF) is generally considered as a benign disease and n...

    Authors: Cristina Bellini, Matteo Monti, Mathieu Potin, Anne Dalle Ave, Jacques Bille and Gilbert Greub
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:90
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. In preparation of vaccines trials to estimate protection against shigellosis and cholera we conducted a two-year community-based surveillance study in an impoverished area of North Jakarta which provided updat...

    Authors: Magdarina D Agtini, Rooswanti Soeharno, Murad Lesmana, Narain H Punjabi, Cyrus Simanjuntak, Ferry Wangsasaputra, Dazwir Nurdin, Sri Pandam Pulungsih, Ainur Rofiq, Hari Santoso, H Pujarwoto, Agus Sjahrurachman, Pratiwi Sudarmono, Lorenz von Seidlein, Jacqueline L Deen, Mohammad Ali…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:1

  34. Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) remain challenging to treat because of their polymicrobial etiology including multi-drug resistant bacteria. The efficacy and safety of tigecycline, an expanded br...

    Authors: María E Oliva, Arcot Rekha, Albert Yellin, Jacyr Pasternak, Maria Campos, Gilbert M Rose, Timothy Babinchak, Evelyn J Ellis-Grosse and Evan Loh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was a newly emerged infectious disease which caused a global epidemic in 2002–2003. Sequence analysis of SARS-coronavirus isolates revealed that specific genotypes ...

    Authors: Grace TY Chung, Rossa WK Chiu, Jo LK Cheung, Yongjie Jin, Stephen SC Chim, Paul KS Chan and YM Dennis Lo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins due to acquisition and expression of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes among Gram-negative bacteria is on the increase. Presence of ESBL producing organ...

    Authors: Faustine Ndugulile, Roland Jureen, Stig Harthug, Willy Urassa and Nina Langeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Although senile dementia patients in long-term care facilities are at leading risk of scabies, the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease have yet to be fully clarified. This study documents the finding...

    Authors: Masae Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Nishiura and Toshio Kobayashi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Commercially available assays to detect antibodies to the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-specific glycoprotein gG-2 have markedly improved serologic diagnosis of HSV-2 infection. However, even tests with ...

    Authors: Rhoda Ashley Morrow, David Friedrich, Amalia Meier and Lawrence Corey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:11

  39. High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infects mucosal surfaces and HR-HPV infection is required for development of cervical cancer. Accordingly, enforced expression of the early HR-HPV proteins can induce im...

    Authors: Jeppe Vinther, Maiken W Rosenstierne, Karen Kristiansen and Bodil Norrild
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Pseudomonas luteola has been recognized as an uncommon cause of bacteremia and of infections in patients with underlying medical disorders

    Authors: Jean-Paul Casalta, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Gilbert Habib, Alberto Riberi and Didier Raoult
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:82
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. Tuberculosis is endemic to developing countries like India. Though the whole genome sequences of the type strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the clinical strain M. tuberculosis CDC1551 are available, the clinical i...

    Authors: Suma Sarojini, Smitha Soman, Indulakshmi Radhakrishnan and Sathish Mundayoor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. HIV-infected patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy often present peculiar patterns of fat redistribution, referred to as lipodystrophy. In spite of recent investigations, it is not known w...

    Authors: Giustino Parruti and Giuseppe Marani Toro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:80
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. Both cell-associated and cell-free HIV virions are present in semen and cervical secretions of HIV-infected individuals. Thus, topical microbicides may need to inactivate both cell-associated and cell-free HIV...

    Authors: Stuart S Olmsted, Kristen V Khanna, Erina M Ng, Steven T Whitten, Owen N Johnson III, Richard B Markham, Richard A Cone and Thomas R Moench
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness in search of an infectious etiology. GB virus-C (GBV-C) virus is a flavivirus with cell tropism and host defense induction qualities compatible with a role in produ...

    Authors: James F Jones, Prasad S Kulkarni, Salvatore T Butera and William C Reeves
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. In the last decade many studies have definitely shown that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the major cause of cervical carcinogenesis and, in the last few years, HPV testing has been proposed as a new and mo...

    Authors: Maria G Centurioni, Andrea Puppo, Domenico F Merlo, Gennaro Pasciucco, Enzo R Cusimano, Rodolfo Sirito and Claudio A Gustavino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydophila psittaci, an important turkey respiratory pathogen, is difficult. To facilitate the diagnosis, a nested PCR-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) was developed to detect the Cp. psitt...

    Authors: Marnix Van Loock, Kristel Verminnen, Trudy O Messmer, Guido Volckaert, Bruno M Goddeeris and Daisy Vanrompay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Epidemiological investigations were carried out in the Lazio Region to assess the status of canine filariosis and to evaluate the actual risk for veterinary and medical public health.

    Authors: Paola Scaramozzino, Simona Gabrielli, Michele Di Paolo, Marcello Sala, Francesco Scholl and Gabriella Cancrini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV is a newly emerging virus that causes SARS with high mortality rate in infected people. Successful control of the global SARS epidemic will require rapid and sensit...

    Authors: Michela Flego, Paola Di Bonito, Alessandro Ascione, Silvia Zamboni, Alessandra Carattoli, Felicia Grasso, Antonio Cassone and Maurizio Cianfriglia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Giardia lamblia (intestinalis) and Cryptosporidium parvum are the two most important intestinal parasites infecting North Americans but there is a paucity of active population-based surveillance data from Canada...

    Authors: Kevin B Laupland and Deirdre L Church
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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