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  1. Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. Two of the well-known immunonutrients are selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). Se and Zn deficiency might lead to...

    Authors: Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi, Hedieh Moradi Tabriz, Mansoureh Togha, Shadi Ariyanfar, Zeinab Ghorbani, Sima Naeeni, Samaneh Haghighi, Aboozar Jazayeri, Mahnaz Montazeri, Mohammad Talebpour, Haleh Ashraf, Mehdi Ebrahimi, Azita Hekmatdoost and Elham Jafari

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:899

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) face a high risk of HIV infection. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in this population and leads to various adverse consequences, including risky sexual behav...

    Authors: Yang Zhu, Fengsu Hou, Chun Chen, Dannuo Wei, Liping Peng, Xinyi You, Jing Gu, Chun Hao, Yuantao Hao and Jinghua Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:895

    Content type: Research

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  3. Primary care and frontline healthcare providers are often the first point of contact for patients experiencing tick-borne disease (TBD) but face challenges when recognizing and diagnosing these diseases. The s...

    Authors: Stephanie Mattoon, Caitlin Baumhart, Ana C. Barsallo Cochez, Douglas MacQueen, Jeffrey Snedeker, Caroline B. Yancey, Melissa Gatch and Emily M. Mader

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:894

    Content type: Research

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  4. Several studies have reported a significant association of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice (KAP) regarding dengue infection among community’s resident in endemic areas. In this study we aimed to as...

    Authors: Rhanye Mac Guad, Ernest Mangantig, Wah Yun Low, Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson, Meram Azzani, Shamala Devi Sekaran, Maw Shin Sim and Nornazirah Azizan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:893

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Several coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines have already been authorized and distributed in different countries all over the world, including Bangladesh. Understanding public acceptance of such a novel vac...

    Authors: Rajon Banik, Md. Saiful Islam, Mamun Ur Rashid Pranta, Quazi Maksudur Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Shahina Pardhan, Robin Driscoll, Sahadat Hossain and Md. Tajuddin Sikder

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:892

    Content type: Research

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  6. Determining factors affecting the transmission of rifampicin (RR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains under standardized tuberculosis (TB) treatment is key to control TB and p...

    Authors: Matthias Merker, Nkongho F. Egbe, Yannick R. Ngangue, Comfort Vuchas, Thomas A. Kohl, Viola Dreyer, Christopher Kuaban, Jürgen Noeske, Stefan Niemann and Melissa S. Sander

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:891

    Content type: Research

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  7. Hepatitis A is one of the most common infectious causes of acute hepatitis, and currently, a neglected global public health problem necessitating an urgent response in Somalia. Hepatitis A infection and its ra...

    Authors: Esra Keles, Mohamed A. Hassan-Kadle, Marian Muse Osman, Hasan Huseyin Eker, Zeynep Abusoglu, Kursad Nuri Baydili and Aamir Muse Osman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:890

    Content type: Research

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  9. Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide and have been identified as one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality among disadvantaged populations. This ...

    Authors: Soumia Sebaa, Jerzy M. Behnke, Djamel Baroudi, Ahcene Hakem and Marawan A. Abu-Madi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:888

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. In a previous retrospective observational study, a 3-day regimen of oseltamivir as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for preventing transmission of influenza in wards was shown to be comparable to 7- to 10-day r...

    Authors: Nobuhisa Ishiguro, Yoichi M. Ito, Sumio Iwasaki, Miki Nagao, Hideki Kawamura, Shinichiro Kanai, Yoko Nukui, Koichi Tokuda, Takayuki Miyara, Hidetoshi Igari, Koichi Yamada, Hiroki Chikumi, Chiaki Sano, Ryuji Koike, Tetsuya Yagi and Nobuo Murakami

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:887

    Content type: Study protocol

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  12. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed an enormous threat to public health. The use of antiviral drugs in patients with this disease have triggered people’s attentions. Whether interferon al...

    Authors: Jingyuan Liu, Chunjing Du, Lin Pu, Pan Xiang, Haofeng Xiong, Wen Xie, Zhihai Chen and Ang Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:885

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair using the MitraClip device is increasingly used for high surgical risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Previous guidelines for infective endocardi...

    Authors: Aikaterini Papamanoli, Tahmid Rahman, Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Zeena Lobo, Paul Diggs, Anne Hamik and George Psevdos

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:884

    Content type: Case report

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  14. A major limitation of current predictive prognostic models in patients with COVID-19 is the heterogeneity of population in terms of disease stage and duration. This study aims at identifying a panel of clinica...

    Authors: Elisa Gentilotti, Alessia Savoldi, Monica Compri, Anna Górska, Pasquale De Nardo, Alessandro Visentin, Giorgia Be, Elisa Razzaboni, Nicola Soriolo, Dario Meneghin, Domenico Girelli, Claudio Micheletto, Sara Mehrabi, Elda Righi and Evelina Tacconelli

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:883

    Content type: Research

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  15. Understanding the behaviour of local malaria vectors is essential as effectiveness of the commonly used vector-targeted malaria control tools heavily relies on behaviour of the major malaria vectors. This stud...

    Authors: Endalew Zemene, Denekew Bitew Belay, Abebaw Tiruneh, Ming-Chieh Lee, Delenasaw Yewhalaw and Guiyun Yan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:882

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The introduction of Zika and chikungunya to dengue hyperendemic regions increased interest in better understanding characteristics of these infections. We conducted a cohort study in Mexico to evaluate the nat...

    Authors: Pablo F. Belaunzarán-Zamudio, Héctor Armando Rincón León, Sandra Caballero Sosa, Emilia Ruiz, José Gabriel Nájera Cancino, Paul Rodriguez de La Rosa, María de Lourdes Guerrero Almeida, John H. Powers III, John H. Beigel, Sally Hunsberger, Karina Trujillo, Pilar Ramos, Fernando J. Arteaga-Cabello, Alexander López-Roblero, Raydel Valdés-Salgado, Hugo Arroyo-Figueroa…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:881

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Ireland frequently reports the highest annual Crude Incidence Rates (CIRs) of cryptosporidiosis in the EU, with national CIRs up to ten times the EU average. Accordingly, the current study sought to examine th...

    Authors: M. Boudou, E. Cleary, C. ÓhAiseadha, P. Garvey, P. McKeown, J. O’Dwyer and Paul Hynds

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:880

    Content type: Research

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  18. Choice-based experiments have been increasingly used to elicit preferences for vaccines and vaccination programs. This study aims to systematically identify and examine choice-based experiments assessing (diff...

    Authors: Marilyn Emma Diks, Mickael Hiligsmann and Ingeborg Maria van der Putten

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:879

    Content type: Research

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  19. Healthcare Workers (HCW) are repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW in one of the largest cities in Colombia.

    Authors: Merida Rodriguez-Lopez, Beatriz Parra, Enrique Vergara, Laura Rey, Mercedes Salcedo, Gabriela Arturo, Liliana Alarcon, Jorge Holguin and Lyda Osorio

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:878

    Content type: Research

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  20. Antimicrobial resistance is fueled by inappropriate use of antibiotics. Global and national strategies support rational use of antibiotics to retain treatment options and reduce resistance. In Germany, the ARe...

    Authors: Regina Poss-Doering, Dorothea Kronsteiner, Martina Kamradt, Edith Andres, Petra Kaufmann-Kolle, Michel Wensing and Joachim Szecsenyi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:877

    Content type: Research article

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  21. The irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and late diagnosis still account for a large part of HIV-associated mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Herein, we describe HIV-associated morbidity a...

    Authors: Wellington Mota Gama, Carlos Henrique Michiles Frank, Taynná Vernalha Rocha Almeida, Daniel Silva dos Santos, Yury Oliveira Chaves, Danielle Furtado da Silva, Patrícia Puccinelli Orlandi, Flávio Ribeiro Pereira, Gleicienne Feliz Magalhães, Bárbara Jóse Baptista, Viviane Lago de Oliveira Silva, Antônio Alcirley da Silva Balieiro, Monique Freire Santana, Roberta Lins Gonçalves, Allyson Guimarães da Costa, Marcelo Cordeiro dos Santos…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:876

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  22. To explore associations between PON1 rs854560, rs662, 705,379, HCV clearance, and interactions between tested PON1 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and interferon-λ4 gene (IFNL4) rs368234815 variant in hemodialy...

    Authors: Alicja E. Grzegorzewska, Adrianna Mostowska, Wojciech Warchoł and Paweł P. Jagodziński

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:875

    Content type: Research

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  23. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing One Health issues. While interventions and policies with various targets and goals have been implemented, evidence about factors underpinning success a...

    Authors: Anaïs Léger, Irene Lambraki, Tiscar Graells, Melanie Cousins, Patrik J. G. Henriksson, Stephan Harbarth, Carolee A. Carson, Shannon E. Majowicz, Max Troell, E. Jane Parmley, Peter S. Jørgensen and Didier Wernli

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:873

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Respiratory diseases are a major reason for refugees and other immigrants seeking health care in countries of arrival. The burden of respiratory diseases in refugees is exacerbated by sometimes poor living con...

    Authors: Jan-Frederic Lambert, Katarina Stete, James Balmford, Annabelle Bockey, Winfried Kern, Siegbert Rieg, Martin Boeker and Berit Lange

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:872

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Epidemic projections and public health policies addressing Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 have been implemented without data reporting on the seroconversion of the population since scalable antibody testing ha...

    Authors: Daniel J. Nesbitt, Daniel P. Jin, Joseph W. Hogan, Jenny Yang, Haidee Chen, Philip A. Chan, Melissa J. Simon, Matthew Vargas, Ewa King, Richard C. Huard, Utpala Bandy, Christopher D. Hillyer and Larry L. Luchsinger

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:871

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Respiratory tract infections are the most common infections that lead to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early recognition and precise diagnosis of microbial etiology is important to treat LRTIs promptly, s...

    Authors: Huan Zhao, Yichao Yang, Jiangfeng Lyu, Xuyi Ren and Wei Cheng

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:870

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  27. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommends against screening for and/or treating asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). This study aims to evaluate the inappropriate use of antibiotics in ASB before...

    Authors: Ahlam Alghamdi, Majid Almajid, Raneem Alalawi, Amjad Alganame, Shorooq Alanazi, Ghaida Alghamdi, Salman Alharthi and Isra Alghamdi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:869

    Content type: Research

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  29. Dengue fever is a mosquito born disease associated with self-limited to life threatening illness. First detected in Senegal in the nineteenth century, and despite its growing incidence this last decade, signif...

    Authors: Idrissa Dieng, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Cheikh Fall, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Mamadou Diop, Aboubacry Gaye, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Boly Diop, Mamadou Ndiaye, Abdoulaye Bousso, Gamou Fall, Cheikh Loucoubar, Oumar Faye, Amadou Alpha Sall and Ousmane Faye

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:867

    Content type: Research

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  30. In recent years, talaromycosis is reportedly on the rise in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients. However, the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of talaromycosis is more likely in HIV-uninfected ...

    Authors: Qiuhua Chen, Ye Qiu, Wen Zeng, Xuan Wei and Jianquan Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:865

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  31. Stratification by clinical scores of patients suspected of infection can be used to support decisions on treatment and diagnostic workup. Seven clinical scores, SepsisFinder (SF), National Early Warning Score ...

    Authors: Steen Andreassen, Jens Kjølseth Møller, Noa Eliakim-Raz, Gorm Lisby and Logan Ward

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:864

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. It remains challenging to differentiate tuberculosis (TB) from non-TB pulmonary infections in HIV-infected patients. Herein, we developed a scoring system aimed to rapidly determine the likelihood of TB or non...

    Authors: Jing Ouyang, Jing Yuan, Yaling Chen, Yanming Zeng, Vijay Harypursat, Yanqiu Lu, Hui Chen and Yaokai Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:863

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Serious bacterial infection rates in febrile infants < 60 days are about 8–11%. Less than 1% of febrile infants with no respiratory symptoms will have pneumonia however, chest radiography (CXR) rates remain be...

    Authors: Ali Ozcan, Evelyn Laskowski, Shashi Sahai and Kelly Levasseur

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:862

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. To investigate the correlation between pleural fluid interleukin-33 (IL-33) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) and peripheral blood tuberculosis T cell spot detection (T-SPOT.TB), and the combined value of the thre...

    Authors: Jin Fenhua, Wang Daohui, Lin Hui, Xia Xiaodong and Huang Wen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:861

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has quickly spread worldwide since its outbreak in December ...

    Authors: Kesheng Li, Chongxiang Tong, Xiaoqin Ha, Chaoning Zeng, Xia Chen, Feifei Xu, Jinhong Yang, Huifen Du, Yuxin Chen, Jing Cai, Zengwei Yang, Zhongyi Jiang, Dandan Chai, Xueliang Zhang, Xun Li, Junfeng Li…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:860

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Mobile text reminder (SMS) system is considered a viable strategy for targeting/facilitating healthy behavioural change including adherence to prescribed physical exercises (PE) and medication (antiretroviral ...

    Authors: Sam Chidi Ibeneme, Sandra C. Ndukwu, Hellen Myezwa, Franklin Onyedinma Irem, Fortune Elochukwu Ezenwankwo, Adedayo Tunde Ajidahun, Amarachi D. Ezuma, Amaka Nnamani, Obinna Onodugo, Gerhard Fortwengel and Victor C. Uwakwe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:859

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Diagnosing neuritis in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain or chronic neuropathy remains challenging since no specific laboratory or neurophysiological marker is available.

    Authors: Louise Mara Giesel, Yara Hahr Marques Hökerberg, Izabela Jardim Rodrigues Pitta, Lígia Rocha Andrade, Debora Bartzen Moraes, José Augusto da Costa Nery, Euzenir Nunes Sarno and Marcia Rodrigues Jardim

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:858

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of hospitalization and death in young children. The majority of deaths (99%) occur in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Vaccines ...

    Authors: Yvette N. Löwensteyn, Natalie I. Mazur, Harish Nair, Joukje E. Willemsen, Ghislaine van Thiel and Louis Bont

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:857

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:962

  39. In a previous study, using a molecular approach, we reported the presence of P. vivax in Namibia. Here, we have extended our investigation to the Duffy antigen genetic profile of individuals of the same cohort wi...

    Authors: Daniel Hosea Haiyambo, Larysa Aleksenko, Davies Mumbengegwi, Ronnie Bock, Petrina Uusiku, Benoit Malleret, Laurent Rénia and Isaac Kweku Quaye

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:856

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  40. Mortality rates of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. The impact of several risk factors on coronavirus mortality has been previously reported in several meta‐analyses limit...

    Authors: Zelalem G. Dessie and Temesgen Zewotir

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:855

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. Several independent risk factors have been reported to influence viral shedding following COVID-19 infection, but the influence of host-related molecular factors has not yet been described. We report a case of...

    Authors: Farzana Haque, Patrick Lillie, Farhana Haque and Anthony Maraveyas

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:854

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  42. Malaria causes major public health problems globally and drug resistance hinders its control and elimination. Molecular markers associated with drug resistance are considered as a beneficial tool to monitor th...

    Authors: Xingyi Jin, Sujuan Zhu, Weimin Xu, Junfang Chen, Wei Ruan and Xiaoxiao Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:853

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. Inconclusive results in SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays cause confusion among clinicians and delay appropriate infection prevention and control. In this study, we aimed to characterize the respiratory specimens as...

    Authors: Yong Kwan Lim, Oh Joo Kweon, Hye Ryoun Kim, Tae-Hyoung Kim and Mi-Kyung Lee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:851

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Although the risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality have been identified, there is limited information about the risk factors for disease progression after hospitalization among Japanes...

    Authors: Toshifumi Ninomiya, Kohei Otsubo, Teppei Hoshino, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Megumi Nakazawa, Yoriko Sato, Hironori Mikumo, Satoru Kawakami, Shun Mizusaki, Yusuke Mori, Hidenobu Arimura, Yuko Tsuchiya-Kawano, Koji Inoue, Yujiro Uchida and Yoichi Nakanishi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:850

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused huge damage to public health around the world. Revealing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and control efficiency is important for containing the spread of...

    Authors: Chaoyuan Cheng, Xinru Wan and Zhibin Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:849

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Campylobacter spp. cause mostly self-limiting enterocolitis, although a significant proportion of cases require hospitalisation highlighting potential for severe disease. Among people admitted, blood culture spec...

    Authors: Cameron R. M. Moffatt, Karina J. Kennedy, Ben O’Neill, Linda Selvey and Martyn D. Kirk

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:848

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after heart transplantation (HTX) with remarkable mortality. Intrathoracic infection is a well-documented predisposing factor for this disease. Staphylococcus ...

    Authors: Szilvia Kugler, Miklós Pólos, Ákos Király, Ákos Pataki, Ádám Koppányi, Tamás Varga, Zsófia Szakál-Tóth, Nóra Parázs, Tímea Teszák, Zoltán Tarjányi, Gyula Prinz, István Hartyánszky, Zoltán Szabolcs, Béla Merkely and Balázs Sax

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:847

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  49. A proactive approach to preventing and responding to emerging infectious diseases is critical to global health security. We present a three-stage approach to modeling the spatial distribution of outbreak vulne...

    Authors: Julianne Meisner, Lauren A. Frisbie, César V. Munayco, Patricia J. García, César P. Cárcamo, Cory W. Morin, David M. Pigott and Peter M. Rabinowitz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:846

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. This study has conducted a comparative analysis of common carbapenemases harboring, the expression of resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family efflux pumps, and biofilm formation potential associated w...

    Authors: Yanpeng Zhang, Bing Fan, Yong Luo, Zhiyuan Tao, Yongbo Nie, Yongtao Wang, Fanglin Ding, Yanwu Li and Dayong Gu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:841

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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As a result of the significant disruption that is being caused by the COVID-19 pandemic we are very aware that many researchers will have difficulty in meeting the timelines associated with our peer review process during normal times.  Please do let us know if you need additional time. Our systems will continue to remind you of the original timelines but we intend to be highly flexible at this time.

BMC Infectious Diseases

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