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  1. Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), a tropically neglected infectious disease caused by Nairovirus, is endemic in low middle-income countries like Pakistan. Emergency health care professionals (HCPs) are at ...

    Authors: Ali Ahmed, Muhammad Saqlain, Maria Tanveer, Azhar Hussain Tahir, Fakhar Ud-Din, Maryum Ibrar Shinwari, Gul Majid Khan and Naveed Anwer

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:35

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. However, a lack of epidemiological data remains for this pathology, and the performances of the influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions us...

    Authors: Mamadou Aliou Barry, Florent Arinal, Cheikh Talla, Boris Gildas Hedible, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Ibrahim Oumar Ba, Boly Diop, Ndongo Dia and Muriel Vray

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:31

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a fatal infectious disease caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP). The major factor relevant to morbidity and mortality seems to be the host inflammatory reaction. The objective of...

    Authors: Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Mohammed Alfaifi, Mesfer Al Shahrani, Abdulaziz S. Alshahrani, Ali G. Alkhathami, Ayed A. Dera, Irfan Ahmad, Shadma Wahab, Mirza M. A. Beg, Ali Hakamy and Mohamed E. Hamid

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:28

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem compromising the effective treatment of infectious diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) is encouraging and promoting awareness creation among health ...

    Authors: Emelda E. Chukwu, David A. Oladele, Christian A. Enwuru, Peter L. Gogwan, Dennis Abuh, Rosemary A. Audu and Folasade T. Ogunsola

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:22

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Exotoxins secreted from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes act as superantigens that induce systemic release of inflammatory cytokines and are a common cause of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). However, l...

    Authors: Ken Goda, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Masahiko Hoshijima, Akihiro Yachie and Hozuka Akita

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:19

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Mozambique has a high burden of group A rotavirus (RVA) infection and chronic undernutrition. This study aimed to determine the frequency and potential risk factors for RVA infection in undernourished children...

    Authors: Assucênio Chissaque, Marta Cassocera, Carolina Gasparinho, Jéronimo Souzinho Langa, Adilson Fernando Loforte Bauhofer, Jorfélia José Chilaúle, Eva Dora João, Benilde António Munlela, Júlia Assiat Monteiro Sambo, Simone Salvador Boene, Marlene Bernardo Djedje, Elda Muianga Anapakala, Esperança Lourenço Guimarães, Diocreciano Matias Bero, Lena Vânia Manhique-Coutinho, Idalécia Cossa-Moiane…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:18

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Hydroa Vacciniforme-like Lymphoproliferative Disorder (HV-LPD) is the name given to a group of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases. It resembles hydroa vacciniforme (HV), the rarest form of photosensi...

    Authors: Xiankun Wang, Peng Wang, Aibin Wang, Yanli Xu, Lin Wang and Zhihai Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:17

    Content type: Case report

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  8. Epidemiological data of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Sub-Saharan Africa is still restricted, and in particular in Mozambique. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize extended-spectrum ...

    Authors: Calvina E. L. Estaleva, Tomas F. Zimba, John Osei Sekyere, Usha Govinden, Hafizah Y. Chenia, Gunnar S. Simonsen, Bjørg Haldorsen, Sabiha Y. Essack and Arnfinn Sundsfjord

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:16

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) invasive liver abscess syndrome (ILAS) with purulent meningitis was rarely identified the mainland of China. Last winter, we received 3 cases of K. pneumoniae meningitis and ...

    Authors: Ruixue Sun, Hui Zhang, Yingchun Xu, Huadong Zhu, Xuezhong Yu and Jun Xu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:15

    Content type: Case report

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  11. Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is one of the commensal flora in the human intestinal tract and a prevalent nosocomial pathogen, which rarely causes infectious osteoarthritis in immunocompetent patients without...

    Authors: Jingjie Huang, Qiliang Xu, Fuyifei Liu, Hao Xiong and Junxing Yang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:13

    Content type: Case report

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  12. Over the last two decades, several countries have initiated universal varicella vaccination (UVV) programs in infants. In 2019, the Swiss National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) decided to start...

    Authors: Florian Lienert, Olivia Weiss, Kathrin Schmitt, Ulrich Heininger and Patrik Guggisberg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:12

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Combined with cancer screening programs, vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) can significantly reduce the high health and economic burden of HPV-related disease in Japan. The objective of this study...

    Authors: Palmer Cody, Keisuke Tobe, Machiko Abe and Elamin H. Elbasha

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:11

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Campylobacter spp. infections are a globally important cause of enterocolitis, causing substantial morbidity. Capturing accurate information on hospitalisations is challenging and limited population-level data ex...

    Authors: Cameron R. M. Moffatt, Karina J. Kennedy, Linda Selvey and Martyn D. Kirk

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:10

    Content type: Research article

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  15. To determine the prevalence of enteric infections in Aboriginal children aged 0–2 years using conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques and to explore associations between the presence of pathogens and ...

    Authors: Sarah Hanieh, Siddhartha Mahanty, George Gurruwiwi, Therese Kearns, Roslyn Dhurrkay, Veronica Gondarra, Jenny Shield, Norbert Ryan, Francesca Azzato, Susan A. Ballard, Nicole Orlando, Sullen Nicholson, Katherine Gibney, Julie Brimblecombe, Wendy Page, Leonard C. Harrison…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:9

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection seen in immunocompromised patients or those with a dysfunctional immune system. Nocardia asteroides infection in patients with Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) has ne...

    Authors: Ning Luo, Shifan Tan, Xiaocai Li, Si Liu, Shivank Singh, Mafeng Chen, Weiye Yang, Yanhong He, Chunna Chen and Min Liang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:8

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  17. Little is known about the etiology of childhood diarrhea in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) especially after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal pathogens in ch...

    Authors: Ahmed R. Alsuwaidi, Klaithem Al Dhaheri, Sania Al Hamad, Junu George, Judy Ibrahim, Ghassan Ghatasheh, Mohammed Issa, Suleiman Al-Hammadi and Hassib Narchi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:7

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective and well-tolerated in adults and is rapidly being adopted globally. We describe the design of the ODYSSEY trial which evaluates the eff...

    Authors: Cecilia L. Moore, Anna Turkova, Hilda Mujuru, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Abbas Lugemwa, Cissy M. Kityo, Linda N. Barlow-Mosha, Tim R. Cressey, Avy Violari, Ebrahim Variava, Mark F. Cotton, Moherndran Archary, Alexandra Compagnucci, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Osee Behuhuma, Yacine Saϊdi…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:5

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation and may have lasting effect on lung function. However conventional diagnostic tests for TPE register multiple limitations. Thi...

    Authors: Xinting Yang, Jing Zhang, Qingtao Liang, Liping Pan, Hongfei Duan, Yang Yang, Hua Li, Chao Guo, Qi Sun, Hongyan Jia, Boping Du, Rongrong Wei, Aiying Xing, Zongde Zhang and Xiaoyou Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:4

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the leading causes of the postoperative complications. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic SSIs and estimating the under-...

    Authors: Niloufar Taherpour, Yadollah Mehrabi, Arash Seifi, Babak Eshrati and Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:3

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Acquiring comprehensive insight into the dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) population structure is an essential step to adopt effective tuberculosis (TB) control strategies and improve therapeutic meth...

    Authors: Shima Hadifar, Abolfazl Fateh, Vahid Pourbarkhordar, Seyed Davar Siadat, Shayan Mostafaei and Farzam Vaziri

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:2

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Undernutrition is one of the most common problems among people living with HIV, contributing to premature death and the development of comorbidities within this population. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the imp...

    Authors: Animut Alebel, Daniel Demant, Pammla Petrucka and David Sibbritt

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1

    Content type: Research article

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  23. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Su Jeong Ahn, Yun Hee Baek, Khristine Kaith S. Lloren, Won-Suk Choi, Ju Hwan Jeong, Khristine Joy C. Antigua, Hyeok-il Kwon, Su-Jin Park, Eun-Ha Kim, Young-il Kim, Young-Jae Si, Seung Bok Hong, Kyeong Seob Shin, Sungkun Chun, Young Ki Choi and Min-Suk Song

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:965

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:676

  24. Due to the lack of proven therapies, we evaluated the effects of early administration of tocilizumab for COVID-19. By inhibition of the IL-6 receptor, tocilizumab may help to mitigate the hyperinflammatory res...

    Authors: Christine A. Vu, Kailynn J. DeRonde, Ana D. Vega, Meshell Maxam, Gregory Holt, Yoichiro Natori, Jose Gonzales Zamora, Veronica Salazar, Renata Boatwright, Stephen R. Morris, Daniela de Lima Corvino, Anmary Fernandez Betances, Leah Colucci, James Keegan, Andy Lopez, Andrew Hany Rezk…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:964

    Content type: Research article

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  25. COVID-19 is highly contagious, and the crude mortality rate could reach 49% in critical patients. Inflammation concerns on disease progression. This study analyzed blood inflammation indicators among mild, sev...

    Authors: Jing Gong, Hui Dong, Qing-Song Xia, Zhao-yi Huang, Ding-kun Wang, Yan Zhao, Wen-hua Liu, Sheng-hao Tu, Ming-min Zhang, Qi Wang and Fu-er Lu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:963

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Hui Zheng, Alexander J. Millman, Jeanette J. Rainey, Fuzhen Wang, Rui Zhang, Hong Chen, Zundong Yin, Huaqing Wang and Guomin Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:962

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:547

  27. The clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Jilin Province, China were investigated.

    Authors: Qing Zhang, Qian Xu, Yi-yang Chen, Li-xin Lou, Li-he Che, Xiao-hua Li, Lu-yao Sun, Wan-guo Bao and Na Du

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:961

    Content type: Research article

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  28. The mortality rate from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is high among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hence, risk evaluation tools are required to immediately identif...

    Authors: Mengyuan Liang, Miao He, Jian Tang, Xinliang He, Zhijun Liu, Siwei Feng, Ping Chen, Hui Li, Yu’e Xue, Tao Bai, Yanling Ma and Jianchu Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:960

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Previous published prognostic models for COVID-19 patients have been suggested to be prone to bias due to unrepresentativeness of patient population, lack of external validation, inappropriate statistical anal...

    Authors: Jiong Li, Yuntao Chen, Shujing Chen, Sihua Wang, Dingyu Zhang, Junfeng Wang, Douwe Postmus, Hesong Zeng, Guoyou Qin, Yin Shen, Jinjun Jiang and Yongfu Yu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:959

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of invasive neonatal disease in the industrialized world. We aimed to genomically and phenotypically characterise invasive GBS isolates in Slovenia from 2001 to 20...

    Authors: Tina Perme, Daniel Golparian, Maja Bombek Ihan, Andrej Rojnik, Miha Lučovnik, Lilijana Kornhauser Cerar, Petja Fister, Jana Lozar Krivec, Štefan Grosek, Alojz Ihan, Samo Jeverica and Magnus Unemo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:958

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Chronic Sedentary lifestyles have been linked to increased odds of stress, elevated anxiety and diminished wellbeing, inducing cytokine production and predispose to hypertension and other cardiovascular diseas...

    Authors: Nsoh Godwin Anabire, Paul Armah Aryee, Zulka Ziblim, Jonathan Suurbaar, Felix Ansah and Gideon Kofi Helegbe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:957

    Content type: Research article

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  32. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Karlijn van Halem, Robin Bruyndonckx, Jeroen van der Hilst, Janneke Cox, Paulien Driesen, Matthias Opsomer, Eveline Van Steenkiste, Björn Stessel, Jasperina Dubois and Peter Messiaen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:956

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:897

  33. Understanding the characteristics of the Covid-19 pandemic in different geographical regions, ethnic and socioeconomic settings are of emerging importance. This study presents the demographic and clinical feat...

    Authors: Macarena R. Vial, Anne Peters, Inia Pérez, María Spencer-Sandino, Mario Barbé, Lorena Porte, Thomas Weitzel, Mabel Aylwin, Pablo Vial, Rafael Araos and Jose M. Munita

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:955

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Treatment of patients with COVID-19 has included supportive care to mainly relief symptoms of the disease. Although World Health Organization (WHO) has not recommended any effective treatments for COVID-19, th...

    Authors: Marzieh Nojomi, Zeynab Yassin, Hossein Keyvani, Mahin Jamshidi Makiani, Maryam Roham, Azadeh Laali, Nasir Dehghan, Mehrnaz Navaei and Mitra Ranjbar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:954

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a world-wide health crisis. Limited information is available regarding which patients will experience more severe disease symptoms. We evaluated hospitalized...

    Authors: Jianwei Xiao, Xiang Li, Yuanliang Xie, Zengfa Huang, Yi Ding, Shengchao Zhao, Pei Yang, Dan Du, Bin Liu and Xiang Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:953

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and outbreaks have occurred worldwide. Laboratory test results are an important basis for clinicians to determi...

    Authors: Song-Mao Ouyang, Hong-Quan Zhu, Ying-Na Xie, Zhi-Sheng Zou, Hui-Min Zuo, Yun-Wei Rao, Xiao-Yan Liu, Bin Zhong and Xin Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:952

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Beatriz Alonso, Laia Fernández-Barat, Enea Gino Di Domenico, Mercedes Marín, Emilia Cercenado, Irene Merino, Manuela de Pablos, Patricia Muñoz and María Guembe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:951

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:909

  38. Antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium is a growing clinical problem. We investigated the mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance, two commonly used medical regimens for treatment in...

    Authors: Wujian Ke, Dongling Li, Lai Sze Tso, Ran Wei, Yinyuan Lan, Zhengyu Chen, Xiaohui Zhang, Liuyuan Wang, Chunmei Liang, Yuying Liao, Huiru Chen, Yahui Liu, Heping Zheng and Ligang Yang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:950

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage is very common in the department of neurosurgery, yet the relevant risks remain unknown. We attempted to ana...

    Authors: Haijing Han, Yu Li, Li Liu, Ningning Liu, Ying Wang and Min Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:949

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Dengue patients develop different disease severity ranging from mild (dengue fever [DF]) to severe forms (dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF] and the fatal dengue shock syndrome [DSS]). Host genetics are considered...

    Authors: Unchana Arayasongsak, Izumi Naka, Jun Ohashi, Jintana Patarapotikul, Pornlada Nuchnoi, Thareerat Kalambaheti, Areerat Sa-Ngasang, Sumalee Chanama and Suwanna Chaorattanakawee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:948

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Early detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the viremia and viruria facilitates proper patient management and mosquito control measurement to prevent disease spread. Therefore, a cost-effective nucle...

    Authors: Boon-Teong Teoh, Kim-Ling Chin, Nur-Izyan Samsudin, Shih-Keng Loong, Sing-Sin Sam, Kim-Kee Tan, Chee-Sieng Khor, Juraina Abd-Jamil, Nurhafiza Zainal, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Keivan Zandi and Sazaly AbuBakar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:947

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Direct agglutination test (DAT) as a simple, accurate and reliable method, has been widely used for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during the last three decades. The present study is a systematic...

    Authors: Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz, Sedigheh Shirmohammad, Behnaz Akhoundi, Alireza Borjian, Gholamreza Hassanpour, Setareh Mamishi and Shima Mahmoudi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:946

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Filamentous basidiomycetes are mainly considered to be respiratory tract colonizers but the clinical significance of their isolation in a specimen is debatable. Hormographiella aspergillata was first reported as ...

    Authors: Maxime Moniot, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Thomas Morel, Romain Guieze, Florent Morio, Philippe Poirier and Céline Nourrisson

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:945

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  44. Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacteria involved in severe infections of the lung, skin, or soft tissue. Macrolides such as clarithromycin are the recommended first line drugs for treatment of M...

    Authors: Meenu Kaushal Sharma, Yanni La, Debra Janella and Hafid Soualhine

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:944

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection swept through Wuhan and spread across China and overseas beginning in December 2019. To identify predictors associated with disease progre...

    Authors: Ping Yi, Xiang Yang, Cheng Ding, Yanfei Chen, Kaijin Xu, Qing Ni, Hong Zhao, Yongtao Li, Xuan Zhang, Jun Liu, Jifang Sheng and Lanjuan Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:943

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. There is limited information about prognostic markers that could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with ...

    Authors: Josefina Robertson, Johanna M. Gostner, Staffan Nilsson, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Dietmar Fuchs and Magnus Gisslen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:942

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization (PNC) generally precedes pneumococcal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of PNC and to identify the pneumococcal serotypes circulating a...

    Authors: Sophie Jullien, Ragunath Sharma, Mimi Lhamu Mynak, Desiree Henares, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro and Quique Bassat

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:940

    Content type: Research article

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  49. There are still controversies regarding the treatment and outcomes in culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial therapy, assessment ...

    Authors: Dongwoo Yu, Sang Woo Kim and Ikchan Jeon

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:939

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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