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  1. Outcome data on two-stage revision surgery for deep infection after septic hip arthritis are limited and inconsistent. This study presents the medium-term results of a new, standardized two-stage arthroplasty ...

    Authors: Carlo L Romanò, Delia Romanò, Enzo Meani, Nicola Logoluso and Lorenzo Drago
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. China is at greatest risk of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 due to its huge population and high residential density. The unclear comprehension and negative attitudes towards the emerging infectious disease among gen...

    Authors: Yilan Lin, Lijuan Huang, Shaofa Nie, Zengyan Liu, Hongjie Yu, Weirong Yan and Yihua Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Melioidosis is a disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and considered endemic in South-East Asia but remains poorly documented in Cambodia. We report the first series of hospitalized pulmonary melioidosis c...

    Authors: Blandine Rammaert, Julien Beauté, Laurence Borand, Sopheak Hem, Philippe Buchy, Sophie Goyet, Rob Overtoom, Cécile Angebault, Vantha Te, Patrich Lorn Try, Charles Mayaud, Sirenda Vong and Bertrand Guillard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Direct sputum smear microscopy is the mainstay of TB diagnosis in most low and middle income countries, and is highly specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in such settings. However it is limited by low sensiti...

    Authors: Heidi Albert, Patrick J Ademun, George Lukyamuzi, Barnabas Nyesiga, Yukari Manabe, Moses Joloba, Stuart Wilson and Mark D Perkins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 respond poorly to standard treatment with 50% or less achieving sustained virologic response. Predicting outcome is essential and could help avoid unne...

    Authors: Erik Alestig, Birgitta Arnholm, Anders Eilard, Martin Lagging, Staffan Nilsson, Gunnar Norkrans, Thomas Wahlberg, Rune Wejstål, Johan Westin and Magnus Lindh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Dengue re-emerges in Singapore despite decades of effective vector control; the infection predominantly afflicts adults. Severe dengue not fulfilling dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) criteria according to World ...

    Authors: Yee-Sin Leo, Tun L Thein, Dale A Fisher, Jenny G Low, Helen M Oh, Rajmohan L Narayanan, Victor C Gan, Vernon J Lee and David C Lye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Prevention of diarrhea has presented indomitable challenges. A preventive strategy that has received significant interest is zinc supplementation. Existing literature including quantitative meta-analyses and s...

    Authors: Archana B Patel, Manju Mamtani, Neetu Badhoniya and Hemant Kulkarni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Countries aiming for malaria elimination require a detailed understanding of the current intensity of malaria transmission within their national borders. National household sample surveys are now being used to...

    Authors: Abdisalan M Noor, Maoulid B Mohamed, Cleopatra K Mugyenyi, Mouna A Osman, Hawa H Guessod, Caroline W Kabaria, Ifrah A Ahmed, Mary Nyonda, Jackie Cook, Christopher J Drakeley, Margaret J Mackinnon and Robert W Snow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Patients with Enterobacter community-acquired pneumonia (EnCAP) were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Our primary aim was to describe them as few data are available on EnCAP. A comparison with CAP due t...

    Authors: Alexandre Boyer, Brice Amadeo, Frédéric Vargas, Ma Yu, Sylvie Maurice-Tison, Véronique Dubois, Cécile Bébéar, Anne Marie Rogues and Didier Gruson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. More than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. Previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant STIs increase...

    Authors: Mohsin Saeed Khan, Magnus Unemo, Shakila Zaman and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The transmission through contacts among MSM (men who have sex with men) is one of the dominating contributors to HIV prevalence in industrialized countries. In Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, the MS...

    Authors: Shan Mei, Rick Quax, David van de Vijver, Yifan Zhu and P M A Sloot
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The primary strategy to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus in India is to improve supplemental immunization activities and routine immunization coverage in priority districts with a focus on 107 high-ri...

    Authors: William M Weiss, MH Rahman, Roma Solomon, Vibha Singh and Dora Ward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Epidemiological studies worldwide have shown that A. fumigatus exhibits important phenotypic and genotypic diversity, and these findings have been of great importance in improving the diagnosis and treatment of d...

    Authors: María Guadalupe Frías-De León, Monserrat Zavala-Ramírez, Susana Córdoba, Gerardo Zúñiga, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, Armando Pérez-Torres, Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez, Irma López-Martínez, María José Buitrago and María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Simulation models of influenza spread play an important role for pandemic preparedness. However, as the world has not faced a severe pandemic for decades, except the rather mild H1N1 one in 2009, pandemic infl...

    Authors: Timo Smieszek, Michael Balmer, Jan Hattendorf, Kay W Axhausen, Jakob Zinsstag and Roland W Scholz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Infective endocarditis is rarely caused by Burkholderia cepacia. This infection is known to occur particularly in immunocompromised hosts, intravenous heroin users, and in patients with prosthetic valve replaceme...

    Authors: Hyun Kyun Ki, Sung Hea Kim, Seong Woo Han and Hae Suk Cheong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:114
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. In areas where both tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent, descriptive studies of the clinical features of individual mycobacteria are needed to inform clinical triage.

    Authors: Gowri Satyanarayana, Scott K Heysell, Kenneth W Scully and Eric R Houpt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Proadrenomedullin (ProADM) confers additional prognostic information to established clinical risk scores in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). We aimed to derive a practical algorithm combining the CUR...

    Authors: Werner C Albrich, Frank Dusemund, Kristina Rüegger, Mirjam Christ-Crain, Werner Zimmerli, Thomas Bregenzer, Sarosh Irani, Ulrich Buergi, Barbara Reutlinger, Beat Mueller and Philipp Schuetz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The classical spoligotyping technique, relying on membrane reverse line-blot hybridization of the spacers of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis CRISPR locus, is used world-wide (598 references in Pubmed on April 8th,...

    Authors: Edgar Abadia, Jian Zhang, Viviana Ritacco, Kristin Kremer, Raymond Ruimy, Leen Rigouts, Harrison Magdinier Gomes, Atiná Ribeiro Elias, Maryse Fauville-Dufaux, Karolien Stoffels, Voahangy Rasolofo-Razanamparany, Darío Garcia de Viedma, Marta Herranz, Sahal Al-Hajoj, Nalin Rastogi, Carlo Garzelli…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Extensive drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious problem in the clinical setting. It is therefore important to find active antibiotic combinations that could be effective in the treatment of infe...

    Authors: Wang Liang, Xiao-fang Liu, Jun Huang, De-mei Zhu, Jian Li and Jing Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae C-polysaccharide in urine is a useful rapid diagnostic test for pneumococcal infections in adults. In young children, high rates of false positive results have been documente...

    Authors: Paul Turner, Claudia Turner, Napaphat Kaewcharernnet, Naw Yi Mon, David Goldblatt and François Nosten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay in inpatients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with pulmonary infiltrates who required a d...

    Authors: Yoon Jee Lee, Jaehee Lee, Yi Young Kim, Dong Il Won, Seung Ick Cha, Jae Yong Park, Tae Hoon Jung and Chang Ho Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. In view of the long term discussion on the appropriateness of the dengue classification into dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the World Health Organization (W...

    Authors: Judit Barniol, Roger Gaczkowski, Eliana Vega Barbato, Rivaldo V da Cunha, Doris Salgado, Eric Martínez, Carmita Soria Segarra, Ernesto B Pleites Sandoval, Ajay Mishra, Ida Safitri Laksono, Lucy CS Lum, José G Martínez, Andrea Núnez, Angel Balsameda, Ivan Allende, Gladys Ramírez…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics occur annually in temperate climates and result in significant pediatric morbidity and increased health care costs. Although RSV epidemics generally occur b...

    Authors: Molly Leecaster, Per Gesteland, Tom Greene, Nephi Walton, Adi Gundlapalli, Robert Rolfs, Carrie Byington and Matthew Samore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged during 2009 and has spread worldwide. This virus can cause injuries to the lungs, liver, and heart. However, data regarding whether this influenza virus can affect...

    Authors: Wei Wang, Hong Chen, Qiang Li, Bo Qiu, Jiajun Wang, Xiwen Sun, Ying Xiang and Jinchao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The role of chronic renal failure (CRF) in the antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in patients with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (APN) remains poorly understood.

    Authors: Yeon Soon Jung, Ho Sik Shin and Hark Rim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Ureaplasmas are among the most common bacteria isolated from the human urogenital tract. Ureaplasmas can produce asymptomatic infections or disease characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. Most inv...

    Authors: Ayman B Allam, Sophie Alvarez, Mary B Brown and Leticia Reyes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage represents an important biological marker for monitoring pneumococcal serotype distribution and evaluating vaccine effects. Serotype determination by conventional method (Q...

    Authors: Sarah Jourdain, Pierre-Alexandre Drèze, Jozef Vandeven, Jan Verhaegen, Laurence Van Melderen and Pierre R Smeesters
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:100
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  30. The overall volume of antibiotic consumption in the community is one of the foremost causes of antimicrobial resistance. There is much ad-hoc information about the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics, ove...

    Authors: Anita Kotwani and Kathleen Holloway
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Data on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in remote rural African regions is increasing.

    Authors: Erik Mossdorf, Marcel Stoeckle, Emmanuel G Mwaigomole, Evarist Chiweka, Patience L Kibatala, Eveline Geubbels, Honoraty Urassa, Salim Abdulla, Luigia Elzi, Marcel Tanner, Hansjakob Furrer, Christoph Hatz and Manuel Battegay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. In the Netherlands, from 2007 to 2009, 3,522 Q-fever cases were notified from three outbreaks. These are the largest documented outbreaks in the world. Previous studies suggest that symptoms can persist for a ...

    Authors: Gabriëlla Morroy, Jeannette B Peters, Malou van Nieuwenhof, Hans HJ Bor, Jeannine LA Hautvast, Wim van der Hoek, Clementine J Wijkmans and Jan H Vercoulen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The roles of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-IT) in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) are not clear in young adults. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the ...

    Authors: Ji Eun Lee, Hee-Jin Kim and Sei Won Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. After the implementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), in several countries, serotype 19A is now the serotype most frequently involved in pneumococcal diseases and carriage. To determine f...

    Authors: Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy, Eric Bonnet, Franck Thollot, Michel Boucherat, Bernard Fritzell, Véronique Derkx, Edouard Bingen and Emmanuelle Varon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Data on the levels of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs in Cameroon, and on the species of MTBC circulating in the country are obsolete. The pic...

    Authors: Jean-Paul Assam-Assam, Veronique B Penlap, Fidelis Cho-Ngwa, Jean-Claude Tedom, Irene Ane-Anyangwe and Vincent P Titanji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Outbreaks of hepatitis E frequently occur in tropical developing countries during the rainy season due to overflowing drains, short-circuiting of networks of clean water and use of contaminated water from well...

    Authors: Alice I Goumba, Xavier Konamna and Narcisse P Komas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The swine influenza H1N1 first identified in Mexico, spread rapidly across the globe and is considered the fastest moving pandemic in history. The early phase of an outbreak, in which data is relatively scarce...

    Authors: Uri Roll, Rami Yaari, Guy Katriel, Oren Barnea, Lewi Stone, Ella Mendelson, Michal Mandelboim and Amit Huppert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Airborne fungi play an important role in causing allergy and infections in susceptible people. Identification of these fungi, based on morphological characteristics, is time-consuming, expertise-demanding, and...

    Authors: Wen-Tsung Hung, Shu-Li Su, Lin-Yi Shiu and Tsung C Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. As many respiratory viruses are responsible for influenza like symptoms, accurate measures of the disease burden are not available and estimates are generally based on statistical methods. The objective of thi...

    Authors: Dena L Schanzer, Hui Zheng and Jason Gilmore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. There is little information concerning community-based prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using T-cell based interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), particularly in TB endemic settings. In...

    Authors: Mengistu Legesse, Gobena Ameni, Gezahegne Mamo, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Blood transfusion is one of the most common transmission pathways of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on the epidemiological charact...

    Authors: Xiaofei Gao, Qian Cui, Xiang Shi, Jing Su, Zhihang Peng, Xin Chen, Na Lei, Keqin Ding, Lu Wang, Rongbin Yu and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Health care workers' (HCWs) influenza vaccination attitude is known to be negative. The H1N1 epidemic had started in mid 2009 and made a peak in October-November in Turkey. A national vaccination campaign bega...

    Authors: Bilgin Arda, Raika Durusoy, Tansu Yamazhan, Oğuz Reşat Sipahi, Meltem Taşbakan, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Esra Erdem and Sercan Ulusoy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Barriers to HIV treatment among injection drug users (IDU) are a major public health concern. However, there remain few long-term studies investigating key demographic and behavioral factors - and gender diffe...

    Authors: Christine Tapp, M-J Milloy, Thomas Kerr, Ruth Zhang, Silvia Guillemi, Robert S Hogg, Julio Montaner and Evan Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. In the Netherlands, incidence of physician's consultations and hospitalizations for varicella is low compared to other countries. Better knowledge about the severity of varicella among Dutch hospitalized patie...

    Authors: Alies van Lier, Nicoline AT van der Maas, Gerwin D Rodenburg, Elisabeth AM Sanders and Hester E de Melker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. This study prospectively assessed the occurrence of clinical and subclinical schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and toxocariasis, and the screening value of eosinophilia in adult short-term travele...

    Authors: Gijs G Baaten, Gerard J Sonder, Tom van Gool, Joan A Kint and Anneke van den Hoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infe...

    Authors: Firdaus Hamid, Aprilianto E Wiria, Linda J Wammes, Maria MM Kaisar, Bertrand Lell, Iwan Ariawan, Hae Won Uh, Heri Wibowo, Yenny Djuardi, Sitti Wahyuni, Robert Schot, Jaco J Verweij, Ronald van Ree, Linda May, Erliyani Sartono, Maria Yazdanbakhsh…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:83
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Anisakiasis is an important fish-borne zoonosis provoked by larval stages of nematodes belonging to the genus Anisakis. The detection and identification of human infections is difficult. This is due to: a) the lo...

    Authors: Simonetta Mattiucci, Michela Paoletti, Francesco Borrini, Massimo Palumbo, Raffaele Macarone Palmieri, Vincenzo Gomes, Alessandra Casati and Giuseppe Nascetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:82
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  48. Determination of the prevalence and drug susceptibility of the M. tuberculosis strains is important in tuberculosis control. We determined the genetic diversity and susceptibility profiles of mycobacteria isolate...

    Authors: Joel Bazira, Benon B Asiimwe, Moses L Joloba, Freddie Bwanga and Mecky I Matee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Hospital strains of Enterococcus faecium could be characterized and typed by various molecular methods (MLST, AFLP, MLVA) and allocated to a distinct clonal complex known as MLST CC17. However, these techniques a...

    Authors: Guido Werner, Carola Fleige, Uta Geringer, Willem van Schaik, Ingo Klare and Wolfgang Witte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:80
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  50. Scrub typhus, a mite-transmitted zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an endemic disease in Taiwan and may be potentially fatal if diagnosis is delayed.

    Authors: Bor-Jen Lee, Chia-Yi Chen, Sung-Yuan Hu, Yu-Tse Tsan, Tzu-Chieh Lin and Lee-Min Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:79
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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