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  1. Despite the reported high prevalence of osteoporosis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-population, there have been no previous studies examining dairy calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in H...

    Authors: Valentina Li Vecchi, Maurizio Soresi, Lydia Giannitrapani, Giovanni Mazzola, Sara La Sala, Fabio Tramuto, Giuseppe Caruso, Claudia Colomba, Pasquale Mansueto, Simona Madonia, Giuseppe Montalto and Paola Di Carlo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The diagnosis of the leishmaniases poses enormous challenges in Argentina. The Polymorphism-Specific PCR (PS-PCR) designed and validated in our laboratories has been proven effective for typifying the Leishmania ...

    Authors: Jorge D Marco, Paola A Barroso, Tatsuyuki Mimori, Fabricio M Locatelli, Ayako Tomatani, María C Mora, S Pamela Cajal, Julio R Nasser, Luis A Parada, Taketoshi Taniguchi, Masataka Korenaga, Miguel A Basombrío and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis are common and often co-occurring conditions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We investigated the effects of HIV testing and HIV status on the outcome...

    Authors: Eric Walter Pefura Yone, Christopher Kuaban and André Pascal Kengne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Existing standard non-molecular diagnostic methods such as viral culture and immunofluorescent (DFA) are time-consuming, labor intensive or limited sensitivity. Several multiplex molecular assays are costly. T...

    Authors: Jin Li, Nai-Ying Mao, Chen Zhang, Meng-Jie Yang, Miao Wang, Wen-Bo Xu and Xue-Jun Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing Lactobacillus in the vagina may play a role in controlling genital HIV-1 shedding. Sensitive molecular methods improve our ability to characterize the vaginal mi...

    Authors: Jennifer E Balkus, Caroline Mitchell, Kathy Agnew, Congzhou Liu, Tina Fiedler, Susan E Cohn, Amneris Luque, Robert Coombs, David N Fredricks and Jane Hitti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from the ascending spread of microorganisms from the vagina and endocervix to the upper genital tract. PID can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvi...

    Authors: Sereina A Herzog, Christian L Althaus, Janneke CM Heijne, Pippa Oakeshott, Sally Kerry, Phillip Hay and Nicola Low
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Persistent symptoms after treatment of neuroborreliosis (NB) are well-documented, although the causative mechanisms are mainly unknown. The effect of repeated antibiotic treatment has not been studied in detai...

    Authors: Johanna Sjöwall, Anna Ledel, Jan Ernerudh, Christina Ekerfelt and Pia Forsberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Human brucellosis represents a significant burden to public and veterinary health globally, including the republic of Azerbaijan. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the spatial and temporal ...

    Authors: Rakif Abdullayev, Ian Kracalik, Rita Ismayilova, Narmin Ustun, Ayden Talibzade and Jason K Blackburn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MR-proADM and PCT levels in febrile patients in the ED in comparison with a disease severity index score, the APACHE II score. We also evaluated the...

    Authors: Francesco Travaglino, Benedetta De Berardinis, Laura Magrini, Cristina Bongiovanni, Marcello Candelli, Nicolò Gentiloni Silveri, Jacopo Legramante, Alberto Galante, Gerardo Salerno, Patrizia Cardelli and Salvatore Di Somma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Zambia’s national HIV testing algorithm specifies use of two rapid blood based antibody assays, Determine®HIV-1/2 (Inverness Medical) and if positive then Uni-GoldTM Recombigen HIV-1/2 (Trinity Biotech). Little i...

    Authors: Dalila Zachary, Lawrence Mwenge, Monde Muyoyeta, Kwame Shanaube, Albertus Schaap, Virginia Bond, Barry Kosloff, Petra de Haas and Helen Ayles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Dengue has not reached an endemic status in Taiwan; nevertheless, we have implemented a fever screening program at airports for the early detection of febrile passengers with a dengue infection. This study is ...

    Authors: Mei-Mei Kuan and Feng-Yee Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. In several European Countries, by the end of 2012, CLSI guidelines will be replaced by EUCAST. We compared antimicrobial susceptibility results of a large number of respiratory pathogens using both EUCAST and ...

    Authors: Anna Marchese, Susanna Esposito, Ramona Barbieri, Matteo Bassetti and Eugenio Debbia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:181
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  13. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been associated with complications, including lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes.

    Authors: Paula Freitas, Davide Carvalho, Ana Cristina Santos, Joana Mesquita, Maria João Matos, Antonio Jose Madureira, Esteban Martinez, António Sarmento and José Luís Medina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Although dual-boosted protease inhibitors regimen is not recommended in children with HIV infection, such a strategy could be useful in subjects with a complex resistance profile. This study was aimed at asses...

    Authors: Stefano Rusconi, Vania Giacomet, Chiara Mameli, Alessandra Viganò, Ottavia Viganò, Fulvio Adorni, Massimo Galli and Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. A national survey for chronic hepatitis C has not been performed in Denmark and the prevalence is unknown. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C from public registers and the proportion...

    Authors: Peer Brehm Christensen, Gordon Hay, Peter Jepsen, Lars Haukali Omland, Søren Andreas Just, Henrik Bygum Krarup, Nina Weis, Niels Obel and Susan Cowan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Coxsackievirus B3 is an important infectious agent of viral myocarditis, pancreatitis and aseptic meningitis, but there are no specific antiviral therapeutic reagents in clinical use. RNA interference-based te...

    Authors: Hailan Yao, Yangde Zhang, Feng He, Caihong Wang, Zonghui Xiao, Jizhen Zou, Fang Wang and Zhewei Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenting resistance to beta-lactam drugs are one of the most challenging targets for antimicrobial therapy, leading to substantial increase in mortality ra...

    Authors: Milena Polotto, Tiago Casella, Maria Gabriela de Lucca Oliveira, Fernando G Rúbio, Mauricio L Nogueira, Margarete TG de Almeida and Mara CL Nogueira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Analysis of US claims data from April 2010 to June 2011 estimated that 39% of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) catch-up eligible cohort would ever receive the catch-up vaccination; a previo...

    Authors: David R Strutton, Raymond A Farkouh, Jaime L Rubin, Lisa J McGarry, Paul M Loiacono, Keith P Klugman, Steven I Pelton, Kristen E Gilmore and Milton C Weinstein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The near-patient environment is often heavily contaminated, yet the decontamination of near-patient surfaces and equipment is often poor. The Nanoclave Cabinet produces large amounts of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) ra...

    Authors: Ginny Moore, Shanom Ali, Elaine A Cloutman-Green, Christina R Bradley, Martyn AC Wilkinson, John C Hartley, Adam P Fraise and A Peter R Wilson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Although checking specimen quality upon sputum collection for acid-fast smear of suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases is recommended, this procedure is based on expert opinion. The purpose of this study was to el...

    Authors: Soon Ho Yoon, Nyoung Keun Lee and Jae Joon Yim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Eperythrozoonosis is an important animal health problem worldwide, it not only has a major impact on the economic viability, but also makes a significant impact on public health issues. The present systemic re...

    Authors: De-Sheng Huang, Peng Guan, Wei Wu, Tie-Feng Shen, He-Ling Liu, Shuang Cao and Hao Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. It is not fully understood why healthcare decision-makers of developing countries often give low priority to infection control and why they are unable to implement international guidelines. This study aimed to...

    Authors: Bat-Erdene Ider, Jon Adams, Anthony Morton, Michael Whitby and Archie Clements
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the most effective strategy to control tuberculosis (TB) among patients with HIV infection. The tuberculin skin test (TST) was the only availa...

    Authors: José M Ramos, Catalina Robledano, Mar Masiá, Sofia Belda, Sergio Padilla, Juan C Rodríguez and Félix Gutierrez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. For antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults suffering from tuberculosis (TB), there is uncertainty about the optimal time to initiate highly active antiretroviral ...

    Authors: Sanjeev Sinha, Rahul C Shekhar, Gurjeet Singh, Nipam Shah, Hafiz Ahmad, Narendra Kumar, Surendra K Sharma, JC Samantaray, Sanjai Ranjan, Meera Ekka, Vishnu Sreenivas and Ronald T Mitsuyasu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Our aim was to investigate the aortic distensibility (AD) of the ascending aorta and carotid artery intima-media thickness (c-IMT) in HIV-infected patients compared to healthy controls.

    Authors: Alexandra Zormpala, Nikolaos V Sipsas, Ioannis Moyssakis, Sarah P Georgiadou, Maria N Gamaletsou, Athanasios N Kontos, Panayiotis D Ziakas and Theodore Kordossis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Although cervical cancer is the leading cancer in Cambodia, most women receive no routine screening for cervical cancer and few treatment options exist. Moreover, nothing is known regarding the prevalence of c...

    Authors: Marie-Claude Couture, Kimberly Page, Ellen S Stein, Neth Sansothy, Keo Sichan, John Kaldor, Jennifer L Evans, Lisa Maher and Joel Palefsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Due to the association between diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), diabetes may threaten the control of TB. In a prospective cohort study nested in a nutrition trial, we investigated the role of diabetes...

    Authors: Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Nyagosya Range, George Praygod, Jeremiah Kidola, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Martine Grosos Aabye, John Changalucha, Dirk Lund Christensen, Torben Martinussen, Henrik Krarup, Daniel Rinse Witte, Åse Bengård Andersen and Henrik Friis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Enteric fever is a major public health problem, causing an estimated 21million new cases and 216,000 or more deaths every year. Current diagnosis of the disease is inadequate. Blood culture only identifies 45 ...

    Authors: Liqing Zhou and Andrew J Pollard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. A broad spectrum of pathogens is causative for respiratory tract infections, but symptoms are mostly similar. Therefore, the identification of the causative viruses and bacteria is only feasible using multiple...

    Authors: Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe, Tanja Vollmer, Ortwin Adams, Cornelius Knabbe and Jens Dreier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Flexibility of vaccination schedule and lower antigen content can facilitate pandemic vaccine coverage. We assessed the immune response and safety of AS03-adjuvanted A/California/7/2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccine c...

    Authors: Xavier Duval, Adrian Caplanusi, Henri Laurichesse, Dominique Deplanque, Pierre Loulergue, Tejaswini Vaman, Odile Launay and Paul Gillard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Fusobacterium species are uncommon causes of osteomyelitis. These organisms are normal flora of the oral cavity. Therefore, they mostly cause osteomyelitis of the head and neck. Hematogenous osteomyelitis at dis...

    Authors: Min Ji Lee, Young Eun Ha, Hye Yon Park, Jun Hee Lee, Yoon Jung Lee, Ki Sun Sung, Cheol-In Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung, Jae-Hoon Song and Kyong Ran Peck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:161
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Despite screening blood donations with advanced technologies and improved donor screening, the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections persists. This risk is mainly due to blood donations collected during t...

    Authors: Moon Jung Kim, Quehn Park, Hyuk Ki Min and Hyun Ok Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Switch therapy is a management approach combining early discontinuation of intravenous (IV) antibiotics, switch to oral antibiotics, and early hospital discharge. This analysis compares switch therapy using ti...

    Authors: Julio A Ramirez, Angel C Cooper, Timothy Wiemken, David Gardiner and Timothy Babinchak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children, and may cause serious illness and recurrent symptoms. However, obtaining a urine sample from young children in primary care is challenging and not feasible ...

    Authors: Harriet Downing, Emma Thomas-Jones, Micaela Gal, Cherry-Ann Waldron, Jonathan Sterne, William Hollingworth, Kerenza Hood, Brendan Delaney, Paul Little, Robin Howe, Mandy Wootton, Alastair Macgowan, Christopher C Butler and Alastair D Hay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:158
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels for different...

    Authors: Longxiang Su, Bingchao Han, Changting Liu, Liling Liang, Zhaoxu Jiang, Jie Deng, Peng Yan, Yanhong Jia, Dan Feng and Lixin Xie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Dengue fever is an endemic illness in the tropics with early and post infectious complications affecting multiple systems. Though neurological sequelae including mononeuropathy, encephalopathy, transverse myel...

    Authors: Mitrakrishnan C Shivanthan, Eranda C Ratnayake, Bandula C Wijesiriwardena, Kalum C Somaratna and Lakmal KGK Gamagedara
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:156
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. The worldwide increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria is of great concern. One of the main causes is antibiotic use which is likely to be high but is poorly described in India. The aim was to analyze and com...

    Authors: Megha Sharma, Bo Eriksson, Gaetano Marrone, Suryaprakash Dhaneria and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Patients with MRSA require different empiric treatment than those with non-MRSA in...

    Authors: Marya D Zilberberg, Paresh Chaudhari, Brian H Nathanson, Rebecca S Campbell, Matthew F Emons, Suzanne Fiske, Harlen D Hays and Andrew F Shorr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Optimal antibiotic treatment strategies of Haemophilus infections are still needed. Therefore, 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) of Haemophilus bacteremia and efficacy of various antibiotic treatment regimes were s...

    Authors: Sara Thønnings and Christian Østergaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The clinical effects of varying pharmacokinetic exposures of antibiotics (antibacterials and antifungals) on outcome in infected critically ill patients are poorly described. A large-scale multi-centre study (...

    Authors: Jason A Roberts, Jan J De Waele, George Dimopoulos, Despoina Koulenti, Claude Martin, Philippe Montravers, Jordi Rello, Andrew Rhodes, Therese Starr, Steven C Wallis and Jeffrey Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:152
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  42. Pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) often receive intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) as antifungal prophylaxis. There are no guidelines for antifun...

    Authors: Michaela Döring, Ulrike Hartmann, Annika Erbacher, Peter Lang, Rupert Handgretinger and Ingo Müller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The number of diagnosed cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection has been increasing in the past years in Norway although the testing rate has been relatively stable. The aim of this study was to measure the prev...

    Authors: Hilde Kløvstad, Andrej Grjibovski and Preben Aavitsland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been increased not only in the hospital but also in the community worldwide. This study was aimed to characterize ESBL- produc...

    Authors: Sun Hee Park, Ji-Hyun Byun, Su-Mi Choi, Dong-Gun Lee, Si-Hyun Kim, Jae-Cheol Kwon, Chulmin Park, Jung-Hyun Choi and Jin-Hong Yoo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Changes in CD4 cell counts are poorly documented in individuals with low or moderate-level viremia while on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings. We assessed the impact of on-going HIV-R...

    Authors: Alexandra Calmy, Eric Balestre, Fabrice Bonnet, Andrew Boulle, Eduardo Sprinz, Robin Wood, Eric Delaporte, Eugène Messou, James McIntyre, Kamal Marhoum El Filali, Mauro Schechter, N Kumarasamy, David Bangsberg, Patrick McPhail, Stefaan Van Der Borght, Carlos Zala…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) are usually treated with antibiotics as recommended by primary care guidelines. Antibiotic treatment supports clinical cure in individual patients but also leads to...

    Authors: Ildikó Gágyor, Eva Hummers-Pradier, Michael M Kochen, Guido Schmiemann, Karl Wegscheider and Jutta Bleidorn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:146
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that may lead to development of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. The aim of the current study was to investigate socio-demographi...

    Authors: Esther Roura, Thomas Iftner, José Antonio Vidart, Susanne Krüger Kjaer, F Xavier Bosch, Nubia Muñoz, Santiago Palacios, Maria San Martin Rodriguez, Carmen Morillo, Laurence Serradell, Laurence Torcel-Pagnon, Javier Cortes and Xavier Castellsagué
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The purpose of this study was to investigate mediators of inflammation and haemostasis in patients with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA), a locally, destructive process of the lung due to inv...

    Authors: Ernst Kristian Rødland, Thor Ueland, Stine Bjørnsen, Ellen Lund Sagen, Christen Peder Dahl, Anne Naalsund, Tom Eirik Mollnes, Frank R Brosstad, Fredrik Müller, Pål Aukrust and Stig S Frøland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Over the years, reports implicate improper anti-malarial use as a major contributor of morbidity and mortality amongst millions of residents in malaria endemic areas, Kenya included. However, there are limited...

    Authors: Elizabeth O Onyango, George Ayodo, Carren A Watsierah, Tom Were, Wilson Okumu, Samuel B Anyona, Evans Raballah, John M Okoth, Sussy Gumo, George O Orinda and Collins Ouma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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