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  1. Innate defence mechanisms of the airways are impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), predisposing patients to lower respiratory tract infections, but less is known about the association with ...

    Authors: Malin Inghammar, Gunnar Engström, Bengt Ljungberg, Claes-Göran Löfdahl, Adam Roth and Arne Egesten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Anaerobes are a major component of gut flora. They play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections resulting from breaches in mucus membranes. Because of the difficulties in cultivating and identifyin...

    Authors: Mansoor Mehmood, Nabil A Jaffar, Muhammad Nazim and Faisal A Khasawneh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:162
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Whether the combination of antimicrobial therapy is a factor in mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the risk factors for mortality in P. aeruginosa bac...

    Authors: Youn Jeong Kim, Yoon Hee Jun, Yang Ree Kim, Kang Gyun Park, Yeon Joon Park, Ji Young Kang and Sang Il Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. It is widely assumed that voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services contribute to HIV prevention by motivating clients to reduce sexual risk-taking. However, findings from sub-Saharan Africa have been m...

    Authors: Caoimhe Cawley, Alison Wringe, Emma Slaymaker, Jim Todd, Denna Michael, Yusufu Kumugola, Mark Urassa and Basia Zaba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Despite the increasing use of antiretroviral treatment (ART) recent data on frequency and pattern of drug resistance mutations in Ethiopia is not available. Furthermore with increasing mobility of people HIV-1...

    Authors: Andargachew Mulu, Thomas Lange, Uwe Gerd Liebert and Melanie Maier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated organism from the different clinical samples in hospital. The emergence and dissemination of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and growing res...

    Authors: Shamshul Ansari, Hari Prasad Nepal, Rajendra Gautam, Nabin Rayamajhi, Sony Shrestha, Goma Upadhyay, Anju Acharya and Moti Lal Chapagain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. During clinical development of the licensed Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV), the neutralization capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies was assessed against the vaccine virus and against we...

    Authors: Matthew Bonaparte, Bashir Dweik, Emmanuel Feroldi, Claude Meric, Alain Bouckenooghe, Stephen Hildreth, Branda Hu, Sutee Yoksan and Mark Boaz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The commercial test, SeptiFast, is designed to detect DNA from bacterial and fungal pathogens in whole blood. The method has been found to be specific with a high rule-in value for the early detection of septi...

    Authors: Ingrid Ziegler, Per Josefson, Per Olcén, Paula Mölling and Kristoffer Strålin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Despite scientific advances in typing of C. difficile strains very little is known about how hospital staff use typing results during periods of increased incidence (PIIs). This qualitative study, undertaken alon...

    Authors: Ala Szczepura, Susan Manzoor, Katherine Hardy, Nigel Stallard, Helen Parsons, Savita Gossain and Peter M Hawkey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Aim of our study is to investigate the clinical and immunological outcomes according to first-line HAART adherence in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients in Burkina Faso.

    Authors: Emanuele Focà, Silvia Odolini, Giorgia Sulis, Stefano Calza, Virginio Pietra, Paola Rodari, Pier Francesco Giorgetti, Alice Noris, Paul Ouedraogo, Jacques Simpore, Salvatore Pignatelli and Francesco Castelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Japan experienced two rubella outbreaks in the past decade (2004 and 2012 – 2013), resulting in 10 and 20 infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), respectively. This study was performed to determine whe...

    Authors: Takahiro Yamada, Junko Mochizuki, Masachi Hanaoka, Eriko Hashimoto, Akihide Ohkuchi, Mika Ito, Takahiko Kubo, Akihito Nakai, Shigeru Saito, Nobuya Unno, Shigeki Matsubara and Hisanori Minakami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is almost ubiquitous in humans and generally occurs at two ages: infantile, which is usually asymptomatic and associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions, and adoles...

    Authors: Elizabeth Visser, Denis Milne, Ian Collacott, David McLernon, Carl Counsell and Mark Vickers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. In HIV infected patients, the impact of ribavirin (RBV) pharmacology on sustained virologic response (SVR) to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment has not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was ...

    Authors: Giorgiana Hatu, François Bailly, Emmanuel Pourcelot, Pierre Pradat, Patrick Miailhes, Marianne Maynard, François Parant, Pierre Chiarello, Jean-Michel Livrozet, Fabien Zoulim and Marie-Claude Gagnieu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Most HIV infected patients will develop some sort of neurologic involvement of the disease throughout their lives, usually in advanced stages. Neurologic symptoms may occur in acute HIV infection but myelopath...

    Authors: Paulo Andrade, Cristóvão Figueiredo, Cláudia Carvalho, Lurdes Santos and António Sarmento
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:149
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. Tuberculosis (TB) still presents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), including those on antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we aimed to determine the long-t...

    Authors: Basel Karo, Walter Haas, Christian Kollan, Barbara Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, Osamah Hamouda and Lena Fiebig
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The immunologic profiles of patients with human adenovirus serotype 55 (HAdV-55) infections were characterized in subjects diagnosed with silent infections (n = 30), minor infections (n = 27), severe infection...

    Authors: Wei-Wei Chen, Wei-Min Nie, Wen Xu, Yang-Xin Xie, Bo Tu, Peng Zhao, En-Qiang Qin, Yun-Hui Zhang, Xiu Zhang, Wen-Gang Li, Zhi-Ping Zhou, Ji-Yun Lv and Min Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic tests in order to introduce a diagnostic strategy to identify the most common gram-positive bacteria (pneumococci, enterococci, β-haemolytic streptococci and S. au...

    Authors: Marie C Larsson, Ewa Karlsson, Hanna Woksepp, Kerstin Frölander, Agneta Mårtensson, Foad Rashed, Wistedt Annika, Thomas Schön and Lena Serrander
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Sporadic non-clustered hospital-associated listeriosis is an emerging infectious disease in immunocompromised hosts. The current study was designed to determine the impact of long-term and precipitating immuno...

    Authors: Chun-Yuan Lee, Hung-Chin Tsai, Calvin M Kunin, Susan Shin-Jung Lee, Kuan-Sheng Wu and Yao-Shen Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are often treated by two stage exchange with the use of an antibiotic impregnated spacer. Most of the two-stage exchange algorithms recommend the implantation of an antibi...

    Authors: Jan Schmolders, Gunnar TR Hischebeth, Max J Friedrich, Thomas M Randau, Matthias D Wimmer, Hendrik Kohlhof, Ernst Molitor and Sascha Gravius
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:144
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. Chronic HIV infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Oxidized forms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are present in atherosclerotic lesions and constitut...

    Authors: Aylin Yilmaz, Karin Jennbacken and Linda Fogelstrand
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The pandemic potential of avian influenza A/H5N1 should not be overlooked, and the continued development of vaccines against these highly pathogenic viruses is a public health priority.

    Authors: Paul Gillard, Daniel Wai Sing Chu, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Pan-Chyr Yang, Prasert Thongcharoen, Fong Seng Lim, Mamadou Dramé, Karl Walravens and François Roman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Dengue infection carries a potential risk of death despite stringent management of plasma leak and haemorrhage. It appears that the extent of liver dysfunction determines the outcome.

    Authors: SAM Kularatne, IVB Imbulpitiya, RA Abeysekera, RN Waduge, RPVJ Rajapakse and KGAD Weerakoon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Scrub typhus is becoming the most common vector born disease in Guangzhou, southern China. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of weather patterns on the incidence of Scrub typhus in the subtropical ...

    Authors: Tiegang Li, Zhicong Yang, Zhiqiang Dong and Ming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. We investigated the determinants of sputum culture non-conversion following intensive phase of treatment, and assessed the effects on the outcome among patients treated for a first episode of smear positive tu...

    Authors: Eric Walter Pefura-Yone, André Pascal Kengne and Christopher Kuaban
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) is an ideal target of optimization for antibiotic therapy in primary care. Because surveillance networks on urinary tract infections (UTI) mix complicated and uncomplicated U...

    Authors: Manuel Etienne, Emmanuel Lefebvre, Noëlle Frebourg, Hélène Hamel, Martine Pestel-Caron and François Caron
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Contact surveys and diaries have conventionally been used to measure contact networks in different settings for elucidating infectious disease transmission dynamics of respiratory infections. More recently, te...

    Authors: Timo Smieszek, Victoria C Barclay, Indulaxmi Seeni, Jeanette J Rainey, Hongjiang Gao, Amra Uzicanin and Marcel Salathé
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. HIV-, HCV- and HIV/HCV co-infections among drug users have become a rapidly emerging global public health problem. In order to constrain the dual epidemics of HIV/AIDS and drug use, China has adopted a methado...

    Authors: Yi-Biao Zhou, Song Liang, Qi-Xing Wang, Yu-Han Gong, Shi-Jiao Nie, Lei Nan, Ai-Hui Yang, Qiang Liao, Xiu-Xia Song and Qing-Wu Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. An inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) was recently licenced in the US as a thimerosal-free formulation presented in a pre-filled syringe. A multidose presentation is preferred in some settings du...

    Authors: Varsha K Jain, Vijayalakshmi Chandrasekaran, Long Wang, Ping Li, Aixue Liu and Bruce L Innis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a challenge in Malawi despite the National TB Control Program since 1984. This study aimed at measuring patient and health system delays and identifying factors associated wit...

    Authors: Lumbani Makwakwa, Mei-ling Sheu, Chen-Yuan Chiang, Shoei-Loong Lin and Peter W Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Tenofovir is a widely used antiviral drug for the treatment of HIV and HBV infection. Although its side effects on renal function and bone metabolism are well known, there are no reports on focal bone lesions ...

    Authors: Davide Mangioni, Alessandra Bandera, Antonio Muscatello, Nicola Squillace, Cinzia Crivellaro, Luca Guerra, Cristina Messa and Andrea Gori
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:131
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. The present study was conducted to assess the efficiency of using TK SLC-L (Salubris, Inc.) for the primary isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples by comparing it to the MGIT detection system (Becton ...

    Authors: İhsan Hakkı Çiftci and Engin Karakeçe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We recently demonstrated that among young patients (<60 years old) with CAP, elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) lev...

    Authors: Eyal Braun, Jad Kheir, Tanya Mashiach, Mohammad Naffaa and Zaher S Azzam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The number of studies regarding the incidence of multidrug resistant strains and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors, which have colonized the post-Soviet states, is considerably limited. The aim ...

    Authors: Irina Netsvyetayeva, Mariusz Fraczek, Katarzyna Piskorska, Marlena Golas, Magdalena Sikora, Andrzej Mlynarczyk, Ewa Swoboda-Kopec, Wojciech Marusza, Beniamino Palmieri and Tommaso Iannitti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Short-term zidovudine monotherapy (ZDVm) remains an option for some pregnant HIV-positive women not requiring treatment for their own health but may affect treatment responses once antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

    Authors: Susie Huntington, Claire Thorne, Jane Anderson, Marie-Louise Newell, Graham P Taylor, Deenan Pillay, Teresa Hill, Pat Tookey and Caroline Sabin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have been increasingly reported at hospital admission. Recognising the magnitude, trend and predictors for MDR organisms in community-onset bloodstream infections (COBSI) is...

    Authors: Ching Jou Lim, Allen C Cheng, David CM Kong and Anton Y Peleg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The immunologic environment during HIV/M. tuberculosis co-infection is characterized by cytokine and chemokine irregularities that have been shown to increase immune activation, viral replication, and T cell dysf...

    Authors: Adane Mihret, Markos Abebe, Yonas Bekele, Abraham Aseffa, Gerhard Walzl and Rawleigh Howe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Nosocomial infections pose substantial risk to patients receiving care in hospitals. In Africa, this problem is aggravated by inadequate infection control due to poor hygiene, resource and structural constrain...

    Authors: Micha Scherbaum, Katrin Kösters, Raymund Egid Mürbeth, Ulysse Ateba Ngoa, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Bertrand Lell and Abraham Alabi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic molecular characteristics of an hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreak caused by enterovirus 71 in Linyi City, Shandong Province, China duri...

    Authors: Nan Liu, Jing Xie, Xiaoli Qiu, Leili Jia, Zhihao Wu, Yuhua Ma, Zhongqiang Wang, Peng Li, Xingbin Ren, Rongzhang Hao, Ligui Wang, Yong Wang, Shaofu Qiu and Hongbin Song
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Few studies have compared the impact of different antiretroviral regimens on residual immune activation and inflammation with discordant results. Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of various antir...

    Authors: Suhaib Hattab, Amelie Guihot, Marguerite Guiguet, Slim Fourati, Guislaine Carcelain, Fabienne Caby, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Brigitte Autran, Dominique Costagliola and Christine Katlama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Severe sepsis is recognized as an inflammatory response causing organ dysfunction in patients with infection. Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of treatment. There is an ongoing demand for local surveillan...

    Authors: Siri Tandberg Nygård, Nina Langeland, Hans K Flaatten, Rune Fanebust, Oddbjørn Haugen and Steinar Skrede
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Several assays are used to measure type-specific serological responses to human papillomavirus (HPV), including the bead-based glutathione S-transferase (GST)-L1 multiplex serology assay and virus-like particl...

    Authors: Hilary A Robbins, Yan Li, Carolina Porras, Michael Pawlita, Arpita Ghosh, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Mark Schiffman, Sholom Wacholder, Troy J Kemp, Paula Gonzalez, John Schiller, Douglas Lowy, Mark Esser, Katie Matys, Wim Quint, Leen-Jan van Doorn…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most important agents of infectious diseases. Both HBV and HIV share common modes of transmission and have serious effects on both pre...

    Authors: Yohannes Zenebe, Wondemagegn Mulu, Mulat Yimer and Bayeh Abera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. American trypanosomiasis is a major disease and public health issue, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The prevalence of T. cruzi has not been fully documented, and there are few reports of this...

    Authors: Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza, José Luis Rosales-Encina, Roberto Mercado-Hernández, Daniel P Molina-Garza, Ricardo Gomez-Flores and Lucio Galaviz-Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Laboratory-confirmed norovirus illness is reportable in Germany since 2001. Reported case numbers are known to be undercounts, and a valid estimate of the actual incidence in Germany does not exist. An increas...

    Authors: Helen Bernard, Dirk Werber and Michael Höhle
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Tuberculosis is classified as either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary (EPTB). While much focus has been paid to pulmonary tuberculosis, EPTB has received scant attention. Moreover, EPTB is viewed as one wastebaske...

    Authors: Tobias Pusch, Jotam G Pasipanodya, Ronald G Hall II and Tawanda Gumbo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Biological agents such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are known to cause mycobacterium infections. Here, we report a disseminated non-tuberculosis case caused by TNF-α inhibitor therapy and a probable p...

    Authors: Takahiro Takazono, Shigeki Nakamura, Yoshifumi Imamura, Taiga Miyazaki, Koichi Izumikawa, Hiroshi Kakeya, Katsunori Yanagihara and Shigeru Kohno
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:114
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. After being polio free for more than 10 years, an outbreak occurred in China in 2011 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) following the importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) originating from neighbori...

    Authors: Ning Wen, Chun-Xiang Fan, Jian-Ping Fu, Jing Ning, Yi-Xin Ji, Hui-Ming Luo, Hua-Qing Wang, Shuang-Li Zhu, Wen-Zhou Yu, Hai-Bo Wang, Hui Zhu, Fu-Qiang Cui, De-Xin Li, Shi-Wen Wang, Wen-Bo Xu, Li-Xin Hao…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The purpose of the study was to investigate parents’ perceptions of antibiotic use for their children, interactions between parents and physicians regarding treatment with antibiotics, and factors associated w...

    Authors: Miao Yu, Genming Zhao, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, Yipin Zhu, Qi Zhao and Biao Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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