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  1. The number of people receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased as global access to ART has expanded. Data on the burden and factors associated with second-line ART virologic failure (VF)...

    Authors: Sonali Salvi, Priyanka Raichur, Dileep Kadam, Shashikala Sangle, Nikhil Gupte, Neetal Nevrekar, Sandesh Patil, Amol Chavan, Smita Nimkar, Ivan Marbaniang and Vidya Mave
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:951
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. In 2020, the Kingdom of Cambodia experienced a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Despite an increase in the frequency of outbreaks and expanding geographic range of CHIKV, diagnostic challenges...

    Authors: Agus Rachmat, Gerard C. Kelly, Robert D. Hontz, Chonthida Supaprom, Vireak Heang, Phireak Hip, Jose A. Garcia-Rivera, Satharath Prom, Chhorvann Chhea, Ian W. Sutherland, Karen S. Corson and Andrew G. Letizia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:949
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Persistent rheumatic symptoms and its impact on health-related quality of life (QoL), induced by the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genotype have been widely studied. In 2014, a major CHI...

    Authors: Churnalisa Doran, Izzy Gerstenbluth, Ashley Duits, Norediz Lourents, Yaskara Halabi, Johannes Burgerhof, Adriana Tami and Ajay Bailey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:948
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and the length of hospital stay (LOS), as well as risk factors for prolonged LOS in a cohort of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients infected with...

    Authors: Chen Hu, Yu-Kai Liu, Qi-Di Sun, Zheng Du, Yu-Qiang Fang, Fei Guo, Yu-Bo Wang, Yong He, Yuan Cen and Fan Zeng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:947
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Post-COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) has been increasingly recognized but fever with isolated tender cervical lymphadenitis as the initial presentation has been rarely reported. We present 2 f...

    Authors: Leonard Wanninayake, Gayathree de Abrew, Dinusha Logeshwaran, Chathurika Weerasinghe, Piyumi Gowinna, Sachith Mettananda and Ranjan Premaratna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:946
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Central nervous system candidiasis due to Candida albicans (CNSC) in children is easily misdiagnosed and is associated with poor outcomes and a high mortality rate. There is no big data research or systematic rev...

    Authors: Haijuan Xiao, Yiqing Miao, Linlin Liu, Wenya Feng, Shuping Liu, Lingyun Guo, Xin Guo, Tianming Chen, Bing Hu, Huili Hu, Fang Xu, Lianlian Han, Lili Ren, Wei Li and Gang Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:945
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) target the sexual stages of malaria parasites to reduce or interrupt the transmission cycle in human and mosquito populations. The genetic diversity of TBVs candidate anti...

    Authors: Siqi Wang, Peng Tian, Shigang Li, Hui Liu, Xiangrui Guo and Fang Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:944
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Older persons are at high-risk of developing severe complications from influenza. This consensus statement was developed to provide guidance on appropriate influenza prevention strategies relevant to the Malay...

    Authors: Maw-Pin Tan, Zamberi Sekawi, Roslina Abdul Manap, Rizah Mazzuin Razali, Hazlina Mahadzir, Nordiana Nordin, Kar-Chai Koh, Pui-Li Wong, Kejal Hasmuk, Noor Harzana Harrun and Siti Aisah Mokhtar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:943
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Human mobility is a driver for the reemergence or resurgence of malaria and has been identified as a source of cross-border transmission. However, movement patterns are difficult to measure in rural areas wher...

    Authors: Marisa Hast, Sungano Mharakurwa, Timothy M. Shields, Jailos Lubinda, Kelly Searle, Lovemore Gwanzura, Shungu Munyati and William J. Moss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:942
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. To describe the prevalent distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). To provide data on high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and oth...

    Authors: Xiaoxian Xu, Tao Feng, Dan Li, Hanmei Lou and Huiyin Lan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:941
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Countries with high TB burden have expanded access to molecular diagnostic tests. However, their impact on reducing delays in TB diagnosis and treatment has not been assessed. Our primary aim was to summarize ...

    Authors: Jae Hyoung Lee, Tushar Garg, Jungsil Lee, Sean McGrath, Lori Rosman, Samuel G. Schumacher, Andrea Benedetti, Zhi Zhen Qin, Genevieve Gore, Madhukar Pai and Hojoon Sohn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:940
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Indiscriminate and widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in emergence of many antibiotic-resistant organisms. Antibiotic administration during pregnancy is mostly avoided, unless there is compelling medic...

    Authors: Sarita Mohapatra, Shwetha J. Venugopal, Mani Kalaivani, Shashi Kant, Vibhor Tak, Rajashree Panigrahy, Sneha K. Chunchanur, Deepak Kocher, Birasen Behera, Swati Pundir, Susmita Chaudhuri, Hitender Gautam, Seema Sood, Bimal Kumar Das, Arti Kapil, Arvind Kumar…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:939
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a severe form of acute dengue infection characterized by leakage of plasma through capillaries into body spaces resulting in circulatory insufficiency leading to shock. Despite var...

    Authors: Arosha Minori Gunasekera, Udeshan Eranthaka, Dilshan Priyankara and Ranjith Kalupahana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:938
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Research on the relationship between disclosure of HIV status to male sexual partners (HIV disclosure) and quality of life (QOL) revealed complex and even contradictory results. The impact of HIV disclosure on...

    Authors: Wenwen Jia, Kedi Jiao, Jing Ma, Meizhen Liao, Chunmei Wang, Dianmin Kang, Yuxi Lin, Yu Yan, Yijun Li, Chunxiao Cheng, Jing Meng, Lina Wang, Xuan Yang, Yanwen Cao, Zhonghui Zhao, Xinting Wang…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:937
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Superspreading events (SSEs) played a critical role in fueling the COVID-19 outbreaks. Although it is well-known that COVID-19 epidemics exhibited substantial superspreading potential, little is known about th...

    Authors: Yanji Zhao, Shi Zhao, Zihao Guo, Ziyue Yuan, Jinjun Ran, Lan Wu, Lin Yu, Hujiaojiao Li, Yu Shi and Daihai He
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:936
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. We aimed to elucidate differences in the characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalization in Japan, by COVID-19 waves, from conventional strains to the Delta variant.

    Authors: Ho Lee, Shotaro Chubachi, Ho Namkoong, Takanori Asakura, Hiromu Tanaka, Shiro Otake, Kensuke Nakagawara, Atsuho Morita, Takahiro Fukushima, Mayuko Watase, Tatsuya Kusumoto, Katsunori Masaki, Hirofumi Kamata, Makoto Ishii, Naoki Hasegawa, Norihiro Harada…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:935
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Vaccine hesitancy amongst pregnant women has been found to be a concern during past epidemics. This study aimed to (1) estimate COVID-19 vaccination rates among pregnant women in Wales and their association wi...

    Authors: Mohamed Mhereeg, Hope Jones, Jonathan Kennedy, Mike Seaborne, Michael Parker, Natasha Kennedy, Sarah Beeson, Ashley Akbari, Luisa Zuccolo, Alisha Davies and Sinead Brophy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:932
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Severe odontogenic infections in the head and neck region, especially necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) and deep neck abscess, are potentially fatal due to their delayed diagnosis and treatment. Clinica...

    Authors: Junya Kusumoto, Eiji Iwata, Wensu Huang, Naoki Takata, Akira Tachibana and Masaya Akashi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:931
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockers including tocilizumab and sarilumab were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2021 for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The u...

    Authors: Qian Gao, Xuedong Yin, Boyu Tan, Junshi Wang, Jiayan Chen, Bin Zhao, Qiaoling Yang and Zhiling Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:929
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The past two decades were associated with innovation and strengthening of malaria control interventions, which have been increasingly adopted at large scale. Impact evaluations of these interventions were most...

    Authors: Khalid Abdelmutalab Elmardi, Ishag Adam, Elfatih Mohamed Malik, Hmooda Toto Kafy, Mogahid Sheikheldien Abdin, Immo Kleinschmidt, Stef Kremers and Jessica Sophia Gubbels
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:927
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. To forecast the development trend of current outbreak in Dalian, mainly to predict turning points of COVID-19 outbreak in Dalian, Liaoning province, China, the results can be used to provide a scientific refer...

    Authors: Qingyu An, Jun Wu, Jin jian Bai and Xiaofeng Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:926
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. The World Health Organization recommends pneumococcal vaccination (PCV) in the first year of life. We investigated pneumococcal serotypes in children with clinical or radiologically confirmed pneumonia and hea...

    Authors: Kristina Elfving, Lucia Gonzales Strömberg, Shadi Geravandi, Maria Andersson, Marc Bachelard, Mwinyi Msellem, Delér Shakely, Birger Trollfors, Rickard Nordén, Andreas Mårtensson, Anders Björkman and Magnus Lindh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:925
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. The exponential spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes unexpected economic burdens to worldwide health systems with severe shortages in hospital resources (beds, staff, equipment). Managing patie...

    Authors: Azam Orooji, Mostafa Shanbehzadeh, Esmat Mirbagheri and Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:923
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. From March 2020 through August 2021, 97,762 hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in English hospitals. Resulting excess length of stay (LoS) created a potentially substantial health and economic ...

    Authors: James Stimson, Koen B. Pouwels, Russell Hope, Ben S. Cooper, Anne M. Presanis and Julie V. Robotham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:922
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Mycobacterium (M.) chimaera is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that belongs to M. avium complex (MAC). In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), MAC can cause bronchopulmonary infections that can be prolonged ...

    Authors: Alexandra Kavvalou, Florian Stehling, Eva Tschiedel, Jan Kehrmann, Bernd Walkenfort, Mike Hasenberg, Margarete Olivier and Mathis Steindor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:921
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Current tuberculosis (TB) regimen development pathways are slow and in urgent need of innovation. We investigated novel phase IIc and seamless phase II/III trials utilizing multi-arm multi-stage and Bayesian r...

    Authors: V. Chang, P. P. J. Phillips, M. Z. Imperial, P. Nahid and R. M. Savic
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:920
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. While oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV, challenges such as adhering to a daily-dosing regimen and persistence have emerged as barriers for at-risks populations in S...

    Authors: Morgan S. Brown, Homaira Hanif, Kristen M. Little, Meredith R. Clark, Andrea R. Thurman, Lola Flomen and Gustavo F. Doncel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:919
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Restrictions to curb the first wave of COVID-19 in India resulted in a decline in facility-based HIV testing rates, likely contributing to increased HIV transmission and disease progression. The programmatic a...

    Authors: Rose Pollard, Ajay Enugu, Salin Sriudomporn, Jade Bell, Subash Chandra Ghosh, Visvanathan Arumugam, Parthasarathy Mugundu, Aditya Singh, Allison M. McFall, Shruti H. Mehta, Bryan N. Patenaude and Sunil S. Solomon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:918
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:955

  34. Despite the development and application of vaccines against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the world, the scientific community is still trying to find some therapies to avo...

    Authors: Carmen de la Rocha, Marco A. Cid-López, Blanca I. Venegas-López, Sandra C. Gómez-Méndez, Adriana Sánchez-Ortiz, Alma M. Pérez-Ríos, Ricardo A. Llamas-Velázquez, Aidé I. Meza-Acuña, Bárbara Vargas-Íñiguez, Daniela Rosales-Galván, Alejandra Tavares-Váldez, Nizdali Luna-Gudiño, Cinthia V. Hernández-Puente, Jovana Milenkovic, Cecilia Iglesias-Palomares, Miriam Méndez-del Villar…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:917
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are intended to improve patient outcomes, reduce side effects, bacterial resistance, and costs. Thus, it is important to assess their impact on an ongoing basis. We aimed to ...

    Authors: Rula M. Darwish, Sajeda Ghassan Matar, Ahmad Atef Abu Snaineh, Mohammad Refat Alsharif, Ahmad Bassam Yahia, Haneen Nidal Mustafa and Elfatih A. Hasabo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:916
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Several methodological tests are available to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Tests are mostly used in the aid of diagnosis or for serological assessment. No tests are fully confirmatory and have variable level of...

    Authors: Puneet Misra, Shashi Kant, Randeep Guleria, Mohammad Ahmad, Suprakash Mandal, P. K. Chaturvedi, Guruprasad R. Medigeshi, Suneeta Meena, Sanjay Kumar Rai, Anisur Rahman, Meenu Sangral, Kapil Yadav, Mohan Bairwa and Partha Haldar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:915
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Both disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy are complications of sepsis as Salmonella septicemia, respectively. They are related and have similar clinical characteristics as thro...

    Authors: Yingxin Lin, Lei Huang, Yunliang Tu, Bin Huang, Sheng Zhang, Yingqun Chen and Weijia Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:914
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Although the prevalence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China, is high, the epidemiological trends are not well-documented. We aimed to analyse newly reported hepatitis B cases in Guangzhou between 2009 and 2020 ...

    Authors: Wei Liu, Zhiqiang Dong, Wensui Hu, Ke Li, Lili Sun, Jianrong Hou, Shijie Jia and Yuan Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:913
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. There is a high prevalence of anemia among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China. Therefore, we investigated anemia and opportunistic infections in hospitalized people living with HIV and explored the risk ...

    Authors: Bo Xie, Wei Huang, Yanling Hu, Yanyun Dou, Luman Xie, Yong Zhang, Shanfang Qin, Ke Lan, Xianwu Pang, Hong Qiu, Lanxiang Li, Xihua Wei, Zengjing Liu, Zhihao Meng and Jiannan Lv
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:912
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Multiple vaccines have been tested in clinical trials for their efficacy and safety. In Saudi Arabia, Pfizer–BioNTech or Moderna were approved for children, however, previous studies to report their safety pro...

    Authors: Hassan Alwafi, Abdallah Y. Naser, Abdulelah M. Aldhahir, Ahmad Alhazmi, Areen Naif Alosaimi, Rasha Abdulaziz Mandili, Zaid Majeed, Emad Salawati, Rakan Ekram, Mohammed Samannodi, Hamza Assaggaf, Mohammed Almatrafi, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Safaa Mohammed Alsanosi and Faisal Minshawi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:911
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Environmental quality of life (QoL) assesses individually perceived factors such as physical safety and security, accessibility, quality of healthcare, and physical environment. These factors are particularly ...

    Authors: Claire Chen, Stefan Baral, Carly A. Comins, Mfezi Mcingana, Linwei Wang, Deliwe Rene Phetlhu, Ntambue Mulumba, Vijay Guddera, Katherine Young, Sharmistha Mishra, Harry Hausler and Sheree R. Schwartz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:910
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Influenza spreads from schools to the rest of society. Thus, we conducted questionnaire surveys of influenza vaccination in elementary and middle schools in a district for 10 years to determine immunization ra...

    Authors: Teruyuki Kajiume, Sumera Mukai, Nobutaka Toyota, Ikuo Kanazawa, Akiko Kato, Etsushi Akimoto and Toshio Shirakawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:909
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The relationship between in-utero antiretroviral (ARV) drug exposure and child growth needs further study as current data provide mixed messages. We compared postnatal growth in the first 18-months of life bet...

    Authors: Vundli Ramokolo, Louise Kuhn, Carl Lombard, Debra Jackson and Ameena E. Goga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:908
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Incarcerated people are at a disproportionate risk of contracting HIV. We estimated the prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Tavakoli, Najmeh Parhizgari, Mostafa Shokoohi, Mehrdad Khezri, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Iman Ghasemzadeh, Ivana Bozicevic, Armita Shahesmaeili, Naser Nasiri, Ahmad Danesh, Mohammad Karamouzian and Hamid Sharifi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:907
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. This study was conducted with the intension of providing a more detailed view about the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. To this aim, characteristics, implemented public health measures, and health outcome of CO...

    Authors: Rozhin Amin, Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi, Ali-Reza Zali and Khatereh Hannani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:906
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Prosthesis removal and antibiotic bone cement spacer implantation is a very important link in two-stage revision of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after artificial joint replacement, which is key to the ...

    Authors: Qingkai Wang, Jincheng Huang, Xiao Chen and Yi Jin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:905
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Cambodia was recently removed from the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) top 30 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. However, Cambodia’s TB burden remains substantial, and the country is on the WHO’s new...

    Authors: Jianing Ma, Avina Vongpradith, Jorge R. Ledesma, Amanda Novotney, Siyan Yi, Kruy Lim, Simon I. Hay, Christopher J. L. Murray and Hmwe H. Kyu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:904
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Kodamaea ohmeri is a rare pathogen with high mortality and is found among blood samples in a considerable proportion; however, gastrointestinal infection of K. ohmeri is extremely rare. Invasive pulmonary aspergi...

    Authors: Zi-Mu Li, Yu-Kun Kuang, Yi-Fan Zheng, Pei-Hang Xu, Ji-Yu Wang, Run-Jing Gan, Hui-Xia Li, Li-Hong Bai, Can-Mao Xie and Ke-Jing Tang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:903
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. To gain insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures on the HIV epidemic and services, this study aims to describe HIV trends in 2020 and compare them with previous years.

    Authors: Dominique Van Beckhoven, Ben Serrien, Marion Montourcy, Chris Verhofstede, Dorien Van den Bossche, Agnes Libois, Deborah De Geyter, Thierry Martin, Sandra Van den Eynde, Bea Vuylsteke, Gilles Darcis, Karlijn van Halem, Eric Florence and Jessika Deblonde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:901
    Content type: Research Published on:

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