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  1. Recent reports of the National Ministry of Health and Treatment of Iran (NMHT) show that Gilan has a higher annual incidence rate of leptospirosis than other provinces across the country. Despite several effor...

    Authors: Ali Mohammadinia, Bahram Saeidian, Biswajeet Pradhan and Zeinab Ghaemi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:971

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious infectious disease, which has become a public health problem. Previous studies have shown that temperature may influence the incidence of HFMD, but most only fo...

    Authors: Zece Xu, Wenqi Hu, Kedi Jiao, Ci Ren, Baofa Jiang and Wei Ma

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:969

    Content type: Research article

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  3. This study investigated the clinical value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with sepsis and septic shock diagnosed according to the Third International Consensus...

    Authors: Juhyun Song, Dae Won Park, Sungwoo Moon, Han-Jin Cho, Jong Hak Park, Hyeri Seok and Won Seok Choi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:968

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Seasonal influenza causes a considerable burden to healthcare services every year. To better measure the impact of severe influenza cases in Romania, we analyzed active surveillance data collected during the 2...

    Authors: Anca Drăgănescu, Oana Săndulescu, Dragoș Florea, Ovidiu Vlaicu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Dan Oțelea, Monica Luminița Luminos, Victoria Aramă, Sorin Abrudan, Adrian Streinu-Cercel and Daniela Pițigoi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:967

    Content type: Research article

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  6. The co-occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malaria in humans in endemic areas raises the question of whether one of these infections affects the course of the other. Although epidemi...

    Authors: Guangjie Liu, Youjia Li, Li Qin, Yongxiang Yan, Yijian Ye, Yue Chen, Cuizhu Huang, Siting Zhao, Yongchao Yao, Zhong Su and Xiaoping Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:965

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical and imaging findings with a worse clinical outcome in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of H1N1 influenza A virus.

    Authors: Karla Schoen, Natally Horvat, Nicolau F. C. Guerreiro, Isac de Castro and Karina S. de Giassi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:964

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Colombia was the second most affected country during the American Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, with over 109,000 reported cases. Despite the scale of the outbreak, limited genomic sequence data were available f...

    Authors: Allison Black, Louise H. Moncla, Katherine Laiton-Donato, Barney Potter, Lissethe Pardo, Angelica Rico, Catalina Tovar, Diana P. Rojas, Ira M. Longini, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Dioselina Peláez-Carvajal, Juan D. Ramírez, Marcela Mercado-Reyes and Trevor Bedford

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:963

    Content type: Research Article

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  9. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing is more sensitive than cytology for the detection of cervical cancer and its precursors. However, limited and inconsistent data are available about the efficacy ...

    Authors: Fengxiang Xie, Liran Zhang, Dongman Zhao, Xuefen Wu, Mingsong Wei, Xuelian Zhang, Xiaohui Wu, Hao Fang, Xue Xu, Meng Yang and Debo Qi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:962

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Clostridioides difficile is considered the main pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. This prospective study determined the prevalence, molecular epidemiological characteristics, and risk factors...

    Authors: Yingchao Cui, Danfeng Dong, Lihua Zhang, Daosheng Wang, Cen Jiang, Qi Ni, Chen Wang, Enqiang Mao and Yibing Peng

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:961

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Streptococcus oralis belongs to the Streptococcus mitis group and is part of the normal flora of the nasal and oropharynx (Koneman et al., The Gram-positive cocci part II: streptococci, enterococci and the ‘Strep...

    Authors: Kishan Patel, Zain Memon, Adam Prince, Connie Park, Abin Sajan and Nazish Ilyas

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:960

    Content type: Case report

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  13. Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) appears to be increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally, and is reported to be as high as 70% in recent studies in Peru. To improve understanding of the evolvi...

    Authors: R. Colby Passaro, Angelica Castañeda-Huaripata, Williams Gonzales-Saavedra, Susan Chavez-Gomez, Eddy R. Segura, Jordan E. Lake, Robinson Cabello and Jesse L. Clark

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:958

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are known to be immune incompetent and experience higher incidences of infectious diseases. However, infective endocarditis (IE) is rarely observed in patients with MM and Morg...

    Authors: Renée van Bentum, Judith Nieken, Esther de Waal and Mels Hoogendoorn

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:957

    Content type: Case report

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  15. Current available treatments (benznidazole and nifurtimox) for Chagas disease (CD) show limited efficacy in chronic phase and frequent undesirable effects. Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors (ESI) had been consid...

    Authors: Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Fernando Salvador, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Elena Sulleiro, Joaquín Burgos and Israel Molina

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:956

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  16. Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence ...

    Authors: Caroline Gahrton, Gabriel Westman, Karin Lindahl, Fredrik Öhrn, Olav Dalgard, Christer Lidman, Lars-Håkan Nilsson, Karouk Said, Ann-Sofi Duberg and Soo Aleman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:955

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  18. Localized `and disseminated Nocardia farcinica infection is frequently reported in immunocompromised patients. However, orbital nocardiosis is rare, and, to our knowledge, traumatic orbital nocardiosis that affec...

    Authors: Anan Wang, Qihua Xu, Yaohua Wang and Hongfei Liao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:953

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  19. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis is a rare cause of pelvic pain after delivery, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    Authors: Stefano Cosma, Fulvio Borella, Andrea Carosso, Agata Ingala, Federica Fassio, Tiziana Robba, Aldo Maina, Luca Bertero and Chiara Benedetto

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:952

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  20. In Vietnam, a country with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, health professionals in both TB-specialized and non-TB-specialized general hospitals have a high risk of acquiring TB. The aims of the present study ...

    Authors: Chau Quy Ngo, Toshie Manabe, Giap Van Vu, Hanh Thi Chu, Trang Thi Thu Vu, Trang Thu Tran, Lan Thi Phuong Doan, Jin Takasaki and Koichiro Kudo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:951

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is among the common reasons for seeking medical attention in the community. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of uropathogens is resulting in limited treatment o...

    Authors: Guesh Gebremariam, Haftom Legese, Yemane Woldu, Tadele Araya, Kiflom Hagos and Araya GebreyesusWasihun

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:950

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). After an EHEC outbreak involving uncooked beef, serving raw beef ...

    Authors: Kentaro Iwata and Michihiko Goto

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:949

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause poor outcomes in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients; moreover, it is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population. Accordingly, anti-HCMV ...

    Authors: Yeonju La, Da Eun Kwon, Seul Gi Yoo, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Sang Hoon Han and Yong Goo Song

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:948

    Content type: Research article

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  24. In the pre-vaccine era, invasive disease with Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib) commonly presented with osteoarticular involvement. Haemophilus influenzae, type a (Hia) sepsis is a rare but emerging problem in...

    Authors: Tiffany Albrecht, Kristina Poss, Satja Issaranggoon Na Ayuthaya, Lori Triden, Katherine L. Schleiss and Mark R. Schleiss

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:947

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  25. Klebsiella variicola and K. quasipneumoniae are new species distinguishable from K. pneumoniae but they are often misidentified as K. pneumoniae in clinical settings. Several reports have demonstrated the possibi...

    Authors: Kazuo Imai, Noriomi Ishibashi, Masahiro Kodana, Norihito Tarumoto, Jun Sakai, Toru Kawamura, Shinichi Takeuchi, Yoshitada Taji, Yasuhiro Ebihara, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takashi Murakami, Takuya Maeda, Kotaro Mitsutake and Shigefumi Maesaki

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:946

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a lethal disease which has been changing significantly over the past decades; however, information about IE in China remains scarce. This study surveyed the changes in clinical c...

    Authors: Zuning Ren, Xichao Mo, Hongjie Chen and Jie Peng

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:945

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. Despite the numerous intervention programmes, HIV still remains a public health concern with a high impact in Sub-Saharan Africa region. Oxidative stress has been documented in HIV subjects as viral infection ...

    Authors: Stephen Bassey Coco-Bassey, Enosakhare A. Asemota, Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu, Joyce E. Etura, Esienanwan Esien Efiong, Imeobong J. Inyang and Emmanuel K. Uko

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:944

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. A large proportion of people who inject drugs (PWID) living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have not been treated. It is unknown whether inclusion of HCV diagnostics and treatment into integrated substa...

    Authors: Lars T. Fadnes, Christer Frode Aas, Jørn Henrik Vold, Christian Ohldieck, Rafael Alexander Leiva, Fatemeh Chalabianloo, Svetlana Skurtveit, Ole Jørgen Lygren, Olav Dalgård, Peter Vickerman, Håvard Midgard, Else-Marie Løberg and Kjell Arne Johansson

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:943

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  29. In recent years, the number of infective endocarditis (IE) cases associated with injection drug use has increased. Clinical guidelines suggest deferring surgery for IE in people who inject drugs (PWID) due to ...

    Authors: David Goodman-Meza, Robert E. Weiss, Sebastián Gamboa, Abel Gallegos, Alex A. T. Bui, Matthew B. Goetz, Steven Shoptaw and Raphael J. Landovitz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:918

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Initiating early effective antimicrobial therapy is the most important intervention demonstrated to decrease mortality in patients with gram-negative bacteremia with sepsis. Rapid MIC-based susceptibility resu...

    Authors: Gerald Elliott, Michael Malczynski, Viktorjia O. Barr, Doaa Aljefri, David Martin, Sarah Sutton, Teresa R. Zembower, Michael Postelnick and Chao Qi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:942

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been rapidly developed and widely used as an analytical technique in clinical laboratories with high accuracy in ...

    Authors: Ying Li, Mingzhu Shan, Zuobin Zhu, Xuhua Mao, Mingju Yan, Ying Chen, Qiuju Zhu, Hongchun Li and Bing Gu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:941

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Bacillus anthracis causes a highly lethal infectious disease primarily due to toxin-mediated injury. Antibiotics are no longer effective to treat the accumulation of anthrax toxin, thereby new strategies of antib...

    Authors: Siping Xiong, Tingting Zhou, Feng Zheng, Xudong Liang, Yongping Cao, Chunhui Wang, Zhengqin Feng, Qi Tang and Jin Zhu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:940

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the most common invasive fungal infection. The epidemiology of IC in hospitalized patients has been widely investigated in many metropolitan cities; however, little information fro...

    Authors: Zhang-rui Zeng, Gang Tian, Yin-huan Ding, Kui Yang, Jin-bo Liu and Jian Deng

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:939

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of respiratory failure requiring invasive ventilation in young children. Bacterial co-infections may complicate and prolong paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) st...

    Authors: Hanke M. G. Wiegers, Lisa van Nijen, Job B. M. van Woensel, Reinout A. Bem, Menno D. de Jong and Job C. J. Calis

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:938

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Malaria is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Pakistan is considered as a moderate malaria-endemic country but still, 177 million individuals are at risk of malaria. Roughly 60% of Pakistan’s populati...

    Authors: Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi, Huma Fatima, Muhammad Afzal, Aamir Ali Khattak and Muhammad Ali Nawaz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:935

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:25

  38. Morbidity and mortality from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remain significant in cancer patients. We evaluated clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in patients with active Mtb infection...

    Authors: Joumana Kmeid, Prathit A. Kulkarni, Marjorie V. Batista, Firas El Chaer, Amrita Prayag, Ella J. Ariza-Heredia, Victor E. Mulanovich and Roy F. Chemaly

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:934

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has emerged as a major public health issue in Vietnam since 2003. We aimed to investigate the household transmission of HFMD and its causative viruses from 150 households in...

    Authors: Cuong Quoc Hoang, Thao Thanh Thi Nguyen, Nguyen Xuan Ho, Hai Duc Nguyen, An Binh Nguyen, Tham Hong Thi Nguyen, Hung Cong Phan and Lan Trong Phan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:933

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Although DAAs hold promise to significantly reduce rates of chronic HCV infections, its eradication still requires development of an effective vaccine. Prolonged T cell responses and cross neutralizing antibod...

    Authors: Reham M. Dawood, Rehab I. Moustafa, Tawfeek H. Abdelhafez, Reem El-Shenawy, Yasmine El-Abd, Noha G. Bader El Din, Jean Dubuisson and Mostafa K. El Awady

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:932

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. The sepsis-induced immunodepression contributes to impaired clinical outcomes of various stress conditions. This syndrome is well documented and characterized by attenuated function of innate and adaptive immu...

    Authors: Didier Payen, Valerie Faivre, Jordi Miatello, Jenneke Leentjens, Caren Brumpt, Pierre Tissières, Claire Dupuis, Peter Pickkers and Anne Claire Lukaszewicz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:931

    Content type: Research article

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  42. The potential HPV transmission route includes horizontal transmission “in utero” and vertical transmission from parents. Less is known about the role of child’s father as a potential source of HPV infection an...

    Authors: Mariusz Skoczyński, Anna Goździcka-Józefiak and Anna Kwaśniewska

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:930

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The two major types of infection in humans are cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis and alveola...

    Authors: Shima Mahmoudi, Setareh Mamishi, Maryam Banar, Babak Pourakbari and Hossein Keshavarz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:929

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Endemic presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenem in Italy has been due principally to the clonal expansion of CC258 isolates; however, recent studies suggest an ongoing epidemiological change in ...

    Authors: Teresa Fasciana, Bernardina Gentile, Maria Aquilina, Andrea Ciammaruconi, Chiara Mascarella, Anna Anselmo, Antonella Fortunato, Silvia Fillo, Giancarlo Petralito, Florigio Lista and Anna Giammanco

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:928

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative bacterium and an oral commensal in dogs and cats, but occasionally causes serious infections in humans. Septicemia is one of the most fulminant forms, but diagnosis of...

    Authors: Jun Sakai, Kazuhito Imanaka, Masahiro Kodana, Kana Ohgane, Susumu Sekine, Kei Yamamoto, Yusuke Nishida, Toru Kawamura, Takahiro Matsuoka, Shigefumi Maesaki, Hideaki Oka and Hideaki Ohno

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:927

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  46. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play immunosuppressive roles in cancers and some infectious diseases; however, their role in dengue fever (DF) remains unknown. This study evaluated the clinical signif...

    Authors: Peng-Le Guo, Ling-Hua Li, Wen-Li Li, Jin-Cun Zhao, Feng-Yu Hu, Fu-Chun Zhang, Wei-Ping Cai and Xiao-Ping Tang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:926

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Ruili is a border city in southwest China along the heroin trafficking route. In recent decades, the city has witnessed increased in HIV transmission. The current study aims to explore the spatiotemporal trend...

    Authors: Li Jiang, Zhoulin Li, Jin Huang, Bang Liu, Yingbo Yang, Lanzhu Lin, Chengbo Wang, Ximei Xie, Xia Peng, Wen Xu and Hong Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:925

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major health and economic burden. Accurate PTB detection is an important step to eliminating TB globally. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) has been reported as a po...

    Authors: Xia Qiu, Tao Xiong, Xiaojuan Su, Yi Qu, Long Ge, Yan Yue, Yan Zeng, Wenxing Li, Peng Hu and Dezhi Mu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:924

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum is a major source of transmission. In resource limited TB endemic settings, cure is declared through sputum smear examination f...

    Authors: Atiqa Ambreen, Muhammad Jamil, Mohammad Aqeel ur Rahman and Tehmina Mustafa

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:923

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. This short reply contests two assumptions made by the authors of Mayrhuber et al’s. “With fever it’s the real flu I would say.” The first is that there is influenza can be reliably defined by a medical case de...

    Authors: Annemarie Jutel

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:921

    Content type: Correspondence

    Published on:

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