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  1. Airborne fungi play an important role in causing allergy and infections in susceptible people. Identification of these fungi, based on morphological characteristics, is time-consuming, expertise-demanding, and...

    Authors: Wen-Tsung Hung, Shu-Li Su, Lin-Yi Shiu and Tsung C Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. As many respiratory viruses are responsible for influenza like symptoms, accurate measures of the disease burden are not available and estimates are generally based on statistical methods. The objective of thi...

    Authors: Dena L Schanzer, Hui Zheng and Jason Gilmore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. There is little information concerning community-based prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using T-cell based interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), particularly in TB endemic settings. In...

    Authors: Mengistu Legesse, Gobena Ameni, Gezahegne Mamo, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Blood transfusion is one of the most common transmission pathways of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on the epidemiological charact...

    Authors: Xiaofei Gao, Qian Cui, Xiang Shi, Jing Su, Zhihang Peng, Xin Chen, Na Lei, Keqin Ding, Lu Wang, Rongbin Yu and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Health care workers' (HCWs) influenza vaccination attitude is known to be negative. The H1N1 epidemic had started in mid 2009 and made a peak in October-November in Turkey. A national vaccination campaign bega...

    Authors: Bilgin Arda, Raika Durusoy, Tansu Yamazhan, Oğuz Reşat Sipahi, Meltem Taşbakan, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Esra Erdem and Sercan Ulusoy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Barriers to HIV treatment among injection drug users (IDU) are a major public health concern. However, there remain few long-term studies investigating key demographic and behavioral factors - and gender diffe...

    Authors: Christine Tapp, M-J Milloy, Thomas Kerr, Ruth Zhang, Silvia Guillemi, Robert S Hogg, Julio Montaner and Evan Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In the Netherlands, incidence of physician's consultations and hospitalizations for varicella is low compared to other countries. Better knowledge about the severity of varicella among Dutch hospitalized patie...

    Authors: Alies van Lier, Nicoline AT van der Maas, Gerwin D Rodenburg, Elisabeth AM Sanders and Hester E de Melker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. This study prospectively assessed the occurrence of clinical and subclinical schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and toxocariasis, and the screening value of eosinophilia in adult short-term travele...

    Authors: Gijs G Baaten, Gerard J Sonder, Tom van Gool, Joan A Kint and Anneke van den Hoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infe...

    Authors: Firdaus Hamid, Aprilianto E Wiria, Linda J Wammes, Maria MM Kaisar, Bertrand Lell, Iwan Ariawan, Hae Won Uh, Heri Wibowo, Yenny Djuardi, Sitti Wahyuni, Robert Schot, Jaco J Verweij, Ronald van Ree, Linda May, Erliyani Sartono, Maria Yazdanbakhsh…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:83
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. Anisakiasis is an important fish-borne zoonosis provoked by larval stages of nematodes belonging to the genus Anisakis. The detection and identification of human infections is difficult. This is due to: a) the lo...

    Authors: Simonetta Mattiucci, Michela Paoletti, Francesco Borrini, Massimo Palumbo, Raffaele Macarone Palmieri, Vincenzo Gomes, Alessandra Casati and Giuseppe Nascetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:82
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  11. Determination of the prevalence and drug susceptibility of the M. tuberculosis strains is important in tuberculosis control. We determined the genetic diversity and susceptibility profiles of mycobacteria isolate...

    Authors: Joel Bazira, Benon B Asiimwe, Moses L Joloba, Freddie Bwanga and Mecky I Matee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Hospital strains of Enterococcus faecium could be characterized and typed by various molecular methods (MLST, AFLP, MLVA) and allocated to a distinct clonal complex known as MLST CC17. However, these techniques a...

    Authors: Guido Werner, Carola Fleige, Uta Geringer, Willem van Schaik, Ingo Klare and Wolfgang Witte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:80
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  13. Scrub typhus, a mite-transmitted zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an endemic disease in Taiwan and may be potentially fatal if diagnosis is delayed.

    Authors: Bor-Jen Lee, Chia-Yi Chen, Sung-Yuan Hu, Yu-Tse Tsan, Tzu-Chieh Lin and Lee-Min Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:79
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. This study aimed to analyze the association of mutation patterns in gyrA and gyrB genes and the ofloxacin resistance levels in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates sampled in 2009 from East China.

    Authors: Zhenling Cui, Jie Wang, Junmei Lu, Xiaochen Huang and Zhongyi Hu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. A persistent increase of tuberculosis cases has recently been noted in the Ukraine. The reported incidence of drug-resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis is growing steadily; however, data on the genetic variation...

    Authors: Maya A Dymova, Oleksander O Liashenko, Petro I Poteiko, Valeriy S Krutko, Eugeny A Khrapov and Maxim L Filipenko
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The number of patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is increasing with widespread immunosuppressive treatment. We investigated the clinical characteristics of non-HIV PCP and its association with mic...

    Authors: Yasufumi Matsumura, Yuichiro Shindo, Yoshitsugu Iinuma, Masaki Yamamoto, Michinori Shirano, Aki Matsushima, Miki Nagao, Yutaka Ito, Shunji Takakura, Yoshinori Hasegawa and Satoshi Ichiyama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The main objective of this study was to describe the patients who were hospitalised at Oslo University Hospital Aker during the first wave of pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Norway.

    Authors: Bjorn J Brandsaeter, Magnus Pillgram, Dag Berild, Harald Kjekshus, Anne-Marte B Kran and Bente M Bergersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is known to be involved in the resolution of pulmonary inflammation and repair of acute lung injury. Legionella pneumonia is sometimes complicated by acute lung injury. Our study ai...

    Authors: Futoshi Higa, Morikazu Akamine, Makoto Furugen, Kenji Hibiya, Michio Koide, Maki Tamayose, Yuichiro Tamaki, Syusaku Haranaga, Noriko Arakaki, Satomi Yara, Masao Tateyama and Jiro Fujita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Human papillomavirus is responsible for a variety of diseases including grade 2 and 3 vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. The aim of this study was to assess parts of the burden of the last diseases ...

    Authors: Monika Hampl, Eduard Huppertz, Olaf Schulz-Holstege, Patrick Kok and Sarah Schmitter
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Prevalence of both cervical cancer and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are very high in India. Natural history of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is known to be altered in HIV positive women...

    Authors: Kamalesh Sarkar, Reshmi Pal, Baishali Bal, Bibhuti Saha, Subhasish Bhattacharya, Sharmila Sengupta, Partha Pratim Mazumdar and Shekhar Chakraborti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Biological parameters are useful tools for understanding and monitoring complicated disease processes. In this study, we attempted to identify proteins associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) using ...

    Authors: Takahiro Tanaka, Shinsaku Sakurada, Keiko Kano, Eri Takahashi, Kazuki Yasuda, Hisashi Hirano, Yasushi Kaburagi, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Nguyen Thi Le Hang, Luu Thi Lien, Ikumi Matsushita, Minako Hijikata, Takafumi Uchida and Naoto Keicho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an important re-emerging sexually transmitted infection which is reported to affect particularly HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study is to quan...

    Authors: Minttu M Rönn and Helen Ward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Both infect epithelial cells and establish latent infections in neurons causing an infection that persists for life. Information on age- and gender-sp...

    Authors: Haijiang Lin, Na He, Meifang Su, Jifu Feng, Li Chen and Meiyang Gao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. During the 2009 H1N1v influenza epidemic, the total number of symptomatic cases was estimated by combining influenza-like illness (ILI) consultations, virological surveillance and assumptions about healthcare-...

    Authors: Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Natasha Tilston, W John Edmunds and Ken TD Eames
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) have been indispensable methods for influenza surveillance, especially for determination of avian influenza. The movement of testing beyond ref...

    Authors: Rongbao Gao, Yan Gao, Leying Wen, Ming Shao, Shumei Zou, Changgui Li, Lei Yang, Xiyan Li, Wei Wang and Yuelong Shu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a β-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring I...

    Authors: David Olive, Hugues Georges, Patrick Devos, Nicolas Boussekey, Arnaud Chiche, Agnes Meybeck, Serge Alfandari and Olivier Leroy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera interfere with the definitive identification of dengue virus (DENV) infections especially in areas with multiple co-circulating flaviviruses. Use of DENV enve...

    Authors: Gaurav Batra, Satish K Nemani, Poornima Tyagi, Sathyamangalam Swaminathan and Navin Khanna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:64
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  29. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genotype L and is endemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in western society. Genotype L infections need to be distinguished ...

    Authors: Koen D Quint, Reinier JM Bom, Wim GV Quint, Sylvia M Bruisten, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Servaas A Morré and Henry JC de Vries
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Solicited consultations constitute a substantial workload for infectious disease (ID) specialists in the hospital setting. The objectives of this survey were to describe requesting physicians' experiences rega...

    Authors: Patricia Pavese, Elodie Sellier, Laurent Laborde, Stéphane Gennai, Jean-Paul Stahl and Patrice François
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) has more similarities to nosocomial pneumonia than to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, there have only been a few epidemiological studies of HCAP in South Kor...

    Authors: Ji Ye Jung, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Byung Hoon Park, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang and Young Ae Kang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Poor outcomes of invasive candidiasis (IC) are associated with the difficulty in establishing the microbiological diagnosis at an early stage. New scores and laboratory tests have been developed in order to ma...

    Authors: Javier Pemán, Rafael Zaragoza, Guillermo Quindós, Miriam Alkorta, María S Cuétara, Juan J Camarena, Paula Ramírez, María J Giménez, Estrella Martín-Mazuelos, María J Linares-Sicilia and José Pontón
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes of pediatric hospital admissions in the developed world. The ribonuclease Dicer is an important regulator of gene expression and cellular f...

    Authors: Christopher S Inchley, Tonje Sonerud, Hans O Fjærli and Britt Nakstad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Controlling airborne contamination is of major importance in burn units because of the high susceptibility of burned patients to infections and the unique environmental conditions that can accentuate the infec...

    Authors: Christian Beauchêne, Nicolas Laudinet, Firas Choukri, Jean-Luc Rousset, Sofiane Benhamadouche, Juliette Larbre, Marc Chaouat, Marc Benbunan, Maurice Mimoun, Jean-Patrick Lajonchère, Vance Bergeron and Francis Derouin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Malaria and Tuberculosis (TB) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Malaria prevention reduces mortality among HIV patients, pregnant women and children, but its role in TB patients is not...

    Authors: Raffaella Colombatti, Martina Penazzato, Federica Bassani, Cesaltina Silva Vieira, Antonia Araujo Lourenço, Fina Vieira, Simone Teso, Carlo Giaquinto and Fabio Riccardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients is a diffcult clinical decision. Actually, it is still a matter of discussion whether early highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during ...

    Authors: Paola Paci, Federico Martini, Massimo Bernaschi, Gianpiero D'Offizi and Filippo Castiglione
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Chronic infections and associated inflammatory markers are suggested risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, is suggested to play a role in the regulat...

    Authors: Anders Johansson, Marie Eriksson, Ann-Marie Åhrén, Kurt Boman, Jan-Håkan Jansson, Göran Hallmans and Ingegerd Johansson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Deficits in growth observed in HIV-infected children in resource-poor settings can be reversed with antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, many of the studies have been conducted in urban areas with older pe...

    Authors: Catherine G Sutcliffe, Janneke H van Dijk, Bornface Munsanje, Francis Hamangaba, Pamela Sinywimaanzi, Philip E Thuma and William J Moss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. We examined the utility of serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) for the diagnoses, severity assessments, and predicting the prognoses of patients with sepsis and c...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Danyang She, Dan Feng, Yanhong Jia and Lixin Xie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Although the WHO guideline for the management of dengue fever considers the presence of ascites or pleural effusions in the diagnosis of DSS, it does not emphasize the importance of their presence when selecti...

    Authors: Ranjan Premaratna, Erandi Liyanaarachchi, Mindu Weerasinghe and H Janaka de Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:52
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. There is current interest in the role of perinatal factors in the aetiology of diseases that occur later in life. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) can follow late primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), ...

    Authors: Imran Mahmud, Omar A Abdel-Mannan, Clare J Wotton and Michael J Goldacre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Human bocavirus 2(HBoV2) and other human bocavirus species (HBoV, HBoV3, and HBoV4) have been discovered recently. But the precise phylogenetic relationships among these viruses are not clear yet.

    Authors: Weixia Cheng, Jinan Chen, Ziqian Xu, Jiemei Yu, Canping Huang, Miao Jin, Huiying Li, Ming Zhang, Yu Jin and Zhao-jun Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Salmonellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases and a major threat to public health. Salmonella serotype Virchow ranks among the top five serovars in Europe.

    Authors: Mario Bonalli, Roger Stephan, Ursula Käppeli, Nicole Cernela, Luzius Adank and Herbert Hächler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Few population-based studies provide epidemiological data on infective endocarditis (IE). Aim of the study is to analyze incidence and outcomes of IE in the Veneto Region (North-Eastern Italy).

    Authors: Ugo Fedeli, Elena Schievano, Dora Buonfrate, Giampietro Pellizzer and Paolo Spolaore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a high mortality rate and a high rate of sequelae among survivors. The aim of this study is to assess the current epi...

    Authors: Anne-Sophie H Christensen, Åse B Andersen, Vibeke Ø Thomsen, Peter H Andersen and Isik S Johansen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Outcomes for hospitalized patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TP) have rarely been reported, and whether or not pulmonary involvement affects outcomes is uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the in-hospital ...

    Authors: Chin-Chung Shu, Jann-Tay Wang, Jann-Yuan Wang, Li-Na Lee and Chong-Jen Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. HIV-infected drug users are at higher risk of non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes than HIV-infected non-drug users. Prior work from our group and others suggests that directly administered antiretroviral...

    Authors: Bernadette Anna Mullen, Katie Cook, Richard D Moore, Cynthia Rand, Noya Galai, Mary E McCaul, Sheldon Glass, Krisann K Oursler and Gregory M Lucas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:45
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Q fever has become a major public health problem in the Netherlands. Infection with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) during pregnancy has resulted in adverse pregnancy outcome in the majority of reported cases. Theref...

    Authors: Wim van der Hoek, Jamie CE Meekelenkamp, Alexander CAP Leenders, Nancy Wijers, Daan W Notermans and Chantal WPM Hukkelhoven
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially corrects immune dysfunction associated with HIV infection. The levels of T-cell immune activation and exhaustion after long-term, suppressive ART and their correlation wi...

    Authors: Damalie Nakanjako, Isaac Ssewanyana, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Agnes Kiragga, Robert Colebunders, Yukari C Manabe, Rose Nabatanzi, Moses R Kamya and Huyen Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Direct immunofluorescence assays (DFA) are a rapid and inexpensive method for the detection of respiratory viruses and may therefore be used for surveillance. Few epidemiological studies have been published ba...

    Authors: Christine D Sadeghi, Christoph Aebi, Meri Gorgievski-Hrisoho, Kathrin Mühlemann and Maria Teresa Barbani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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