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  1. Although a substantial decline of Plasmodium falciparum infection is observed in Africa following implementation of new control strategies, malaria is still considered as the major cause of febrile illness in hos...

    Authors: Marielle Karine Bouyou-Akotet, Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba, Eric Kendjo, Ariane Eyang Ekouma, Omar Abdou Raouf, Edouard Engohang Allogho and Maryvonne Kombila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Rotaviruses are the most important cause of severe acute gastroenteritis worldwide in children <5 years of age. The human, G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine Rotarix™ significantly reduced severe rotavirus gastroenteritis ...

    Authors: Andrew Duncan Steele, Kathleen M Neuzil, Nigel A Cunliffe, Shabir A Madhi, Pieter Bos, Bagrey Ngwira, Desiree Witte, Stacy Todd, Cheryl Louw, Mari Kirsten, Sanet Aspinall, Leen Jan Van Doorn, Alain Bouckenooghe, Pemmaraju V Suryakiran and Htay Htay Han
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Viral myocarditis is a major cause of sudden unexpected death in children and young adults. Until recently, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has been the most commonly implicated virus in myocarditis. At present, no s...

    Authors: Imed Gaaloul, Samira Riabi, Rafik Harrath, Mark Evans, Nidhal H Salem, Souheil Mlayeh, Sally Huber and Mahjoub Aouni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. M.tuberculosis (M.tb) is associated with enhanced T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune responses while helminth infection is associated with T helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune responses. Our aim was to investigate w...

    Authors: Nelda van Soelen, Anna M Mandalakas, H Lester Kirchner, Gerhard Walzl, Harleen M S Grewal, Marc Jacobsen and Anneke C Hesseling
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the aetiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is rare in Australia, but endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa...

    Authors: David J Speicher and Newell W Johnson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:210
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  6. Device–associated infection (DAI) plays an important part in nosocomial infection. Active surveillance and infection control are needed to disclose the specific situation in each hospital and to cope with this...

    Authors: Yin-Yin Chen, Liang-Yu Chen, Seng-Yi Lin, Pesus Chou, Shu-Yuan Liao and Fu-Der Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The delay in initiating treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected individuals may lead to the development of a more severe form of the disease, with higher rates of morbidity, mortality and transmissibil...

    Authors: Isabella Coimbra, Magda Maruza, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão-Albuquerque, Líbia Vilela Moura, George Tadeu Nunes Diniz, Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Heloísa Ramos Lacerda, Laura Cunha Rodrigues and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in young children decreased dramatically following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). The epidemiology of S. pneumoniae now reflects in...

    Authors: Catherine Weil-Olivier, Mark van der Linden, Iris de Schutter, Ron Dagan and Lorenzo Mantovani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:207
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  9. Hemodialysis (HD) patients are susceptible to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial infections. Because the optimal treatment and clinical significance of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumonia...

    Authors: Chih-Chao Yang, Shau-Hsuan Li, Feng-Rong Chuang, Chih-Hung Chen, Chih-Hsiung Lee, Jin-Bor Chen, Chien-Hsing Wu and Chien-Te Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C has emerged as a cause of epidemic disease in Hefei. The establishment of serogroup C as the predominant cause of endemic disease has not been described.

    Authors: Xi-Hai Xu, Ying Ye, Li-Fen Hu, Yu-Hui Jin, Qin-Qin Jiang and Jia-Bin Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features, causative pathogens, neuro-imaging findings, and therapeutic outcomes of bacterial brain abscess in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) following rad...

    Authors: Peng-Hsiang Fang, Wei-Che Lin, Nai-Wen Tsai, Wen-Neng Chang, Chi-Ren Huang, Hsueh-Wen Chang, Tai-Lin Huang, Hsin-Ching Lin, Yu-Jun Lin, Ben-Chung Cheng, Ben Yu-Jih Su, Chia-Te Kung, Hung-Chen Wang and Cheng-Hsien Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, transmitted viruses generally use the CCR5 chemokine receptor as a coreceptor for host cell entry. In more than 50% of subtype B infections, a switch i...

    Authors: Saleema Crous, Ram Krishna Shrestha and Simon A Travers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by serogroup B is the last major serogroup in Canada to become vaccine-preventable. The anticipated availability of vaccines targeting this serogroup prompted an ass...

    Authors: Vica Dang, Frances B Jamieson, Sarah Wilson, Prasad Rawte, Natasha S Crowcroft, Karen Johnson, Raymond S W Tsang and Shelley L Deeks
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Actinobaculum schaalii was first described as a causative agent for human infection in 1997. Since then it has mainly been reported causing urinary tract infections (UTI) in elderly individuals with underlying u...

    Authors: Petra Zimmermann, Livia Berlinger, Benjamin Liniger, Sebastian Grunt, Philipp Agyeman and Nicole Ritz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:201
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC) has emerged as an important pathogen causing a variety of infections. Longitudinal multicenter surveillance data on ABC from different sources in Taiwan have not been publis...

    Authors: Shu-Chen Kuo, Shan-Chwen Chang, Hui-Ying Wang, Jui-Fen Lai, Pei-Chen Chen, Yih-Ru Shiau, I-Wen Huang and Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. HTLV-1 is associated with increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and severity of tuberculosis. Although previous studies have shown that HTLV-1 infected individuals have a low frequency ...

    Authors: Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Silvane B Santos, Anselmo Souza, Brooke Finkmoore, Ohana Bispo, Tasso Barreto, Ingrid Cardoso, Iana Bispo, Flávia Bastos, Daniele Pereira, Lee Riley and Edgar M Carvalho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas’ disease, is an obligate intracellular parasite which induces a CD8+ T cell immune response with secretion of cytokines and release of cytotoxic granules. Altho...

    Authors: Paola Lasso, Diana Mesa, Natalia Bolaños, Adriana Cuéllar, Fanny Guzmán, Zulma Cucunuba, Fernando Rosas, Víctor Velasco, Maria C Thomas, Manuel Carlos López, John Mario González and Concepción Judith Puerta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The emergence of resistance to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen leads to the need for more expensive and less tolerable second line drugs. Hence, it is essential to identify and address factors ...

    Authors: Tigist Bacha, Birkneh Tilahun and Alemayehu Worku
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Few data are available in Afghanistan to shape national military force health practices, particularly with regard to sexually-transmitted infections (STIs). We measured prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphil...

    Authors: Catherine S Todd, Abdul Nasir, G Farooq Mansoor, Sayed M Sahibzada, Linda L Jagodzinski, Farzana Salimi, M Naim Khateri, Braden R Hale, R Vincent Barthel and Paul T Scott
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection pose a high risk of developing active TB disease. It is therefore important to detect latent TB infection (LTBI) to be able to...

    Authors: Luis Anibarro, Matilde Trigo, Diana Feijoó, Mónica Ríos, Luisa Palomares, Alberto Pena, Marta Núñez, Carlos Villaverde and África González-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the large arteries and their branches; its etiology is still unknown. In individuals suffering from TA, arterial inflammation progresses to...

    Authors: María Elena Soto, Ma Del Carmen Ávila-Casado, Claudia Huesca-Gómez, Gilberto Vargas Alarcon, Vicente Castrejon, Virgilia Soto, Sergio Hernandez, Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta, Maite Vallejo, Pedro A Reyes and Ricardo Gamboa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are food-borne pathogens of great importance and feature prominently in the etiology of developing world enteritis and travellers’ diarrhoea. Increasing antimicrobial ...

    Authors: Simon Pollett, Claudio Rocha, Rito Zerpa, Lilian Patiño, Augusto Valencia, Máximo Camiña, José Guevara, Martha Lopez, Nancy Chuquiray, Eduardo Salazar-Lindo, Carlos Calampa, Martín Casapia, Rina Meza, Maruja Bernal, Drake Tilley, Michael Gregory…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Despite the reported high prevalence of osteoporosis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-population, there have been no previous studies examining dairy calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in H...

    Authors: Valentina Li Vecchi, Maurizio Soresi, Lydia Giannitrapani, Giovanni Mazzola, Sara La Sala, Fabio Tramuto, Giuseppe Caruso, Claudia Colomba, Pasquale Mansueto, Simona Madonia, Giuseppe Montalto and Paola Di Carlo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The diagnosis of the leishmaniases poses enormous challenges in Argentina. The Polymorphism-Specific PCR (PS-PCR) designed and validated in our laboratories has been proven effective for typifying the Leishmania ...

    Authors: Jorge D Marco, Paola A Barroso, Tatsuyuki Mimori, Fabricio M Locatelli, Ayako Tomatani, María C Mora, S Pamela Cajal, Julio R Nasser, Luis A Parada, Taketoshi Taniguchi, Masataka Korenaga, Miguel A Basombrío and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis are common and often co-occurring conditions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We investigated the effects of HIV testing and HIV status on the outcome...

    Authors: Eric Walter Pefura Yone, Christopher Kuaban and André Pascal Kengne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Existing standard non-molecular diagnostic methods such as viral culture and immunofluorescent (DFA) are time-consuming, labor intensive or limited sensitivity. Several multiplex molecular assays are costly. T...

    Authors: Jin Li, Nai-Ying Mao, Chen Zhang, Meng-Jie Yang, Miao Wang, Wen-Bo Xu and Xue-Jun Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing Lactobacillus in the vagina may play a role in controlling genital HIV-1 shedding. Sensitive molecular methods improve our ability to characterize the vaginal mi...

    Authors: Jennifer E Balkus, Caroline Mitchell, Kathy Agnew, Congzhou Liu, Tina Fiedler, Susan E Cohn, Amneris Luque, Robert Coombs, David N Fredricks and Jane Hitti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from the ascending spread of microorganisms from the vagina and endocervix to the upper genital tract. PID can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvi...

    Authors: Sereina A Herzog, Christian L Althaus, Janneke CM Heijne, Pippa Oakeshott, Sally Kerry, Phillip Hay and Nicola Low
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Persistent symptoms after treatment of neuroborreliosis (NB) are well-documented, although the causative mechanisms are mainly unknown. The effect of repeated antibiotic treatment has not been studied in detai...

    Authors: Johanna Sjöwall, Anna Ledel, Jan Ernerudh, Christina Ekerfelt and Pia Forsberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Human brucellosis represents a significant burden to public and veterinary health globally, including the republic of Azerbaijan. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the spatial and temporal ...

    Authors: Rakif Abdullayev, Ian Kracalik, Rita Ismayilova, Narmin Ustun, Ayden Talibzade and Jason K Blackburn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MR-proADM and PCT levels in febrile patients in the ED in comparison with a disease severity index score, the APACHE II score. We also evaluated the...

    Authors: Francesco Travaglino, Benedetta De Berardinis, Laura Magrini, Cristina Bongiovanni, Marcello Candelli, Nicolò Gentiloni Silveri, Jacopo Legramante, Alberto Galante, Gerardo Salerno, Patrizia Cardelli and Salvatore Di Somma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Zambia’s national HIV testing algorithm specifies use of two rapid blood based antibody assays, Determine®HIV-1/2 (Inverness Medical) and if positive then Uni-GoldTM Recombigen HIV-1/2 (Trinity Biotech). Little i...

    Authors: Dalila Zachary, Lawrence Mwenge, Monde Muyoyeta, Kwame Shanaube, Albertus Schaap, Virginia Bond, Barry Kosloff, Petra de Haas and Helen Ayles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Dengue has not reached an endemic status in Taiwan; nevertheless, we have implemented a fever screening program at airports for the early detection of febrile passengers with a dengue infection. This study is ...

    Authors: Mei-Mei Kuan and Feng-Yee Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. In several European Countries, by the end of 2012, CLSI guidelines will be replaced by EUCAST. We compared antimicrobial susceptibility results of a large number of respiratory pathogens using both EUCAST and ...

    Authors: Anna Marchese, Susanna Esposito, Ramona Barbieri, Matteo Bassetti and Eugenio Debbia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:181
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  35. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been associated with complications, including lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes.

    Authors: Paula Freitas, Davide Carvalho, Ana Cristina Santos, Joana Mesquita, Maria João Matos, Antonio Jose Madureira, Esteban Martinez, António Sarmento and José Luís Medina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Although dual-boosted protease inhibitors regimen is not recommended in children with HIV infection, such a strategy could be useful in subjects with a complex resistance profile. This study was aimed at asses...

    Authors: Stefano Rusconi, Vania Giacomet, Chiara Mameli, Alessandra Viganò, Ottavia Viganò, Fulvio Adorni, Massimo Galli and Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. A national survey for chronic hepatitis C has not been performed in Denmark and the prevalence is unknown. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C from public registers and the proportion...

    Authors: Peer Brehm Christensen, Gordon Hay, Peter Jepsen, Lars Haukali Omland, Søren Andreas Just, Henrik Bygum Krarup, Nina Weis, Niels Obel and Susan Cowan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Coxsackievirus B3 is an important infectious agent of viral myocarditis, pancreatitis and aseptic meningitis, but there are no specific antiviral therapeutic reagents in clinical use. RNA interference-based te...

    Authors: Hailan Yao, Yangde Zhang, Feng He, Caihong Wang, Zonghui Xiao, Jizhen Zou, Fang Wang and Zhewei Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenting resistance to beta-lactam drugs are one of the most challenging targets for antimicrobial therapy, leading to substantial increase in mortality ra...

    Authors: Milena Polotto, Tiago Casella, Maria Gabriela de Lucca Oliveira, Fernando G Rúbio, Mauricio L Nogueira, Margarete TG de Almeida and Mara CL Nogueira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Analysis of US claims data from April 2010 to June 2011 estimated that 39% of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) catch-up eligible cohort would ever receive the catch-up vaccination; a previo...

    Authors: David R Strutton, Raymond A Farkouh, Jaime L Rubin, Lisa J McGarry, Paul M Loiacono, Keith P Klugman, Steven I Pelton, Kristen E Gilmore and Milton C Weinstein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The near-patient environment is often heavily contaminated, yet the decontamination of near-patient surfaces and equipment is often poor. The Nanoclave Cabinet produces large amounts of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) ra...

    Authors: Ginny Moore, Shanom Ali, Elaine A Cloutman-Green, Christina R Bradley, Martyn AC Wilkinson, John C Hartley, Adam P Fraise and A Peter R Wilson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Although checking specimen quality upon sputum collection for acid-fast smear of suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases is recommended, this procedure is based on expert opinion. The purpose of this study was to el...

    Authors: Soon Ho Yoon, Nyoung Keun Lee and Jae Joon Yim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Eperythrozoonosis is an important animal health problem worldwide, it not only has a major impact on the economic viability, but also makes a significant impact on public health issues. The present systemic re...

    Authors: De-Sheng Huang, Peng Guan, Wei Wu, Tie-Feng Shen, He-Ling Liu, Shuang Cao and Hao Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. It is not fully understood why healthcare decision-makers of developing countries often give low priority to infection control and why they are unable to implement international guidelines. This study aimed to...

    Authors: Bat-Erdene Ider, Jon Adams, Anthony Morton, Michael Whitby and Archie Clements
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the most effective strategy to control tuberculosis (TB) among patients with HIV infection. The tuberculin skin test (TST) was the only availa...

    Authors: José M Ramos, Catalina Robledano, Mar Masiá, Sofia Belda, Sergio Padilla, Juan C Rodríguez and Félix Gutierrez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. For antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults suffering from tuberculosis (TB), there is uncertainty about the optimal time to initiate highly active antiretroviral ...

    Authors: Sanjeev Sinha, Rahul C Shekhar, Gurjeet Singh, Nipam Shah, Hafiz Ahmad, Narendra Kumar, Surendra K Sharma, JC Samantaray, Sanjai Ranjan, Meera Ekka, Vishnu Sreenivas and Ronald T Mitsuyasu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Our aim was to investigate the aortic distensibility (AD) of the ascending aorta and carotid artery intima-media thickness (c-IMT) in HIV-infected patients compared to healthy controls.

    Authors: Alexandra Zormpala, Nikolaos V Sipsas, Ioannis Moyssakis, Sarah P Georgiadou, Maria N Gamaletsou, Athanasios N Kontos, Panayiotis D Ziakas and Theodore Kordossis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Although cervical cancer is the leading cancer in Cambodia, most women receive no routine screening for cervical cancer and few treatment options exist. Moreover, nothing is known regarding the prevalence of c...

    Authors: Marie-Claude Couture, Kimberly Page, Ellen S Stein, Neth Sansothy, Keo Sichan, John Kaldor, Jennifer L Evans, Lisa Maher and Joel Palefsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Enteric fever is a major public health problem, causing an estimated 21million new cases and 216,000 or more deaths every year. Current diagnosis of the disease is inadequate. Blood culture only identifies 45 ...

    Authors: Liqing Zhou and Andrew J Pollard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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