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  1. We recently reported the derivation of a diagnostic aid to rule out pneumonia in adults presenting with new onset of cough or worsening of chronic cough and increased body temperature. The aim of the present i...

    Authors: Ulrike Held, Claudia Steurer-Stey, Felix Huber, Sergio Dallafior and Johann Steurer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:355
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Beijing genotype strains are the most predominant strains in China. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors and clinical phenotypes associated with infection with Beijing genotype strains among tuber...

    Authors: Yu Pang, Yuanyuan Song, Hui Xia, Yang Zhou, Bing Zhao and Yanlin Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. People concentrated in congregated systems, such as prisons, are important but often neglected reservoirs for TB transmission, and threaten those in the outside community. Therefore, this study was conducted t...

    Authors: Beyene Moges, Bemnet Amare, Fanaye Asfaw, Wogahta Tesfaye, Moges Tiruneh, Yeshambel Belyhun, Andargachew Mulu and Afework Kassu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:352
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Infection with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. The main objective of this study was to assess the influence...

    Authors: Erika Ferraz de Gouvêa, Ianick Souto Martins, Marcia Halpern, Adriana Lúcia Pires Ferreira, Samanta Teixeira Basto, Renato Torres Gonçalves, Beatriz Meurer Moreira and Guilherme Santoro-Lopes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:351
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are responsible for a considerable number of deaths among children, particularly in developing countries. In Egypt and the Middle East region, there is a lack of data ...

    Authors: Caroline F Shafik, Emad W Mohareb, Aymen S Yassin, Madgy A Amin, Amani El Kholy, Hanaa El-Karaksy and Fouad G Youssef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:350
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Mycetoma is a chronic, localized, slowly progressing infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues caused either by fungi (eumycetoma or implantation mycosis) or by aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma)...

    Authors: Sayaphet Rattanavong, Sivay Vongthongchit, Khamhou Bounphamala, Phouvong Vongphakdy, Jacques Gubler, Mayfong Mayxay, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Ivo Elliott, Julie Logan, Robert Hill, Paul N Newton and David Dance
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:349
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. The incidence and mortality from necrotizing fasciitis (NF) are increasing in New Zealand (NZ). Triggered by a media report that traditional Samoan tattooing was causing NF, we conducted a chart review to inve...

    Authors: Dilip Kumar Das, Michael G Baker and Kamalesh Venugopal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Internationally, guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of Shigella infection vary widely. Cases, their contacts with diarrhoea, and those in certain occupational groups are frequently excluded from work, s...

    Authors: Lian Boveé, Jane Whelan, Gerard JB Sonder, Alje P van Dam and Anneke van den Hoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:347
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Genital Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most commonly diagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs) in men and women. Knowledge about HPV infection among men is limited. This study aims to determin...

    Authors: Vivian Colón-López, Ana P Ortiz, Lizbeth M Del Toro-Mejías, Hermes García, Michael C Clatts and Joel Palefsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:346
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Household transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) may vary with viral and demographic characteristics. We examined the effect of these factors in a population-based sample of adults with ILI.

    Authors: James M McCaw, Peter F Howard, Peter C Richmond, Michael Nissen, Theo Sloots, Stephen B Lambert, Michael Lai, Michael Greenberg, Terry Nolan and Jodie McVernon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:345
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Current guidelines regarding Lyme neuroborreliosis [LNB] require the presence of intrathecal Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibody production for the definite diagnosis of LNB. However, about 20% of early stage ...

    Authors: Johannes P Borde, Simone Meier, Volker Fingerle, Christiane Klier, Johannes Hübner and Winfried V Kern
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:344
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. Compared to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), characteristics of nasal carriage and community-onset infection methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) are less well known. No characteristics of ...

    Authors: Feng-Jui Chen, Leung-Kei Kristopher Siu, Jung-Chung Lin, Chen-Her Wang and Po-Liang Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:343
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) decreases production of inflammatory cytokines, prevents C. difficile toxin A-induced enteritis and, in combination with antibiotics, increases survival from sepsi...

    Authors: Yuesheng Li, Robert A Figler, Glynis Kolling, Tara C Bracken, Jayson Rieger, Ralph W Stevenson, Joel Linden, Richard L Guerrant and Cirle Alcantara Warren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:342
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Men who have sex with men (MSM) especially those who are HIV positive are at risk for HPV-associated anal cancer. We systematically reviewed studies with data on the prevalence of vaccine preventable anal HPV ...

    Authors: Huachun Zou, Christopher K Fairley, Jane S Hocking, Suzanne M Garland, Andrew E Grulich and Marcus Y Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:341
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  15. Appropriate induction of the early Th1 cytokine IL-12 is a critical defense directed against viral infection. We have previously shown that different viruses elicited either IL-12 or IFNα dependent Th1 reactio...

    Authors: Rong-Fu Chen, Lin Wang, Jiin-Tsuey Cheng and Kuender D Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Background rates of latent tuberculosis infection in low prevalence regions of Britain are unknown. These would be valuable data for interpreting positive IGRA results, and guiding cost-benefit analyses. The m...

    Authors: Timothy SC Hinks, Nimu Varsani, David T Godsiff, Thomas C Bull, Katherine L Nash, Lisa McLuckie, Catherine Maule, Tessa Flower and Anthony Warley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:339
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The incidence of syphilis is increasing in many parts of the world. Clinicians may have limited experience in the diagnosis when the clinical appearance is unusual. If early diagnosis is not made and prompt tr...

    Authors: Kejian Zhu, Qiang Zhou, Rui Han and Hao Cheng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:338
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. If primary toxoplasmosis occurs during pregnancy about one third of the cases could lead to congenit...

    Authors: Endalew Zemene, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Solomon Abera, Tariku Belay, Abdi Samuel and Ahmed Zeynudin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Schools are important foci of influenza transmission and potential targets for surveillance and interventions. We compared several school-based influenza monitoring systems with clinic-based influenza-like ill...

    Authors: Shu E Soh, Alex R Cook, Mark IC Chen, Vernon J Lee, Jeffery L Cutter, Vincent TK Chow, Nancy WS Tee, Raymond TP Lin, Wei-Yen Lim, Ian G Barr, Cui Lin, Meng Chee Phoon, Li Wei Ang, Sunil K Sethi, Chia Yin Chong, Lee Gan Goh…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:336
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Bronchofiberscopy, a widely used procedure for the diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases within intensive care units, has a history of association with nosocomial infections. Between September and November 2...

    Authors: Yukun Xia, CuiLing Lu, Jingya Zhao, Gaige Han, Yong Chen, Fang Wang, Bin Yi, Guoqin Jiang, Xiaohua Hu, Xianfeng Du, Zheng Wang, Hong Lei, Xuelin Han and Li Han
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:335
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Routine cytomegalovirus (CMV) screening during pregnancy is not recommended in the United States and the extent to which it is performed is unknown. Using a medical claims database, we computed rates of CMV-sp...

    Authors: Jessica Leung, Michael J Cannon, Scott D Grosse and Stephanie R Bialek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. This epidemiological study was carried out in Sfax (south of Tunisia) and focused on genital Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) genovar distribution.

    Authors: Houda Gharsallah, Olfa Frikha-Gargouri, Hanen Sellami, Fatma Besbes, Abir Znazen and Adnene Hammami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:333
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Brain abscess is a potentially fatal disease. This study assesses clinical aspects of brain abscess in a large hospital cohort.

    Authors: Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Arnar Astradsson, Humeira Richhall, Jesper Erdal, Alex Laursen and Jannick Brennum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:332
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Critically ill patients including trauma patients are at high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). The composition of urine in trauma patients may be modified due to inflammation, systemic stress, rhabdomyol...

    Authors: Cecile Aubron, Olivier Huet, Sylvie Ricome, Didier Borderie, Eric Pussard, Pierre-Etienne Leblanc, Odile Bouvet, Eric Vicaut, Erick Denamur and Jacques Duranteau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:330
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Pre-existing cellular immunity has been recognized as one of the key factors in determining the outcome of influenza infection by reducing the likelihood of clinical disease and mitigates illness. Whether, and...

    Authors: Venkata R Duvvuri, Jane M Heffernan, Seyed M Moghadas, Bhargavi Duvvuri, Hongbin Guo, David N Fisman, Jianhong Wu and Gillian E Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:329
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a key role in the containment of tuberculosis. The relationship between the TNF -238G/A polymorphism and tuberculosis susceptibility remains inconclusive. A comprehens...

    Authors: Zhijiao Zhang, Hang Zhu, Xudi Pu, Siying Meng, Fan Zhang, Lei Xun, Qin Liu and Yang Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection can induce the apoptosis of infected cells. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of EV71 infection on apoptosis mechanisms in virus-infected human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD...

    Authors: Weifeng Shi, Xiang Li, Xueling Hou, Hongjun Peng, Qingbo Jiang, Mei Shi, Yun Ji, Xiping Liu and Jinbo Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of poverty that contributes significantly to ill-health in developing countries. Drug resistant TB is a major challenge to disease control. Early diagnosis and rapid determinatio...

    Authors: Chamila P Adikaram, Jennifer Perera and Sandya S Wijesundera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp160, useful in detecting anti-HIV-1 antibodies, is difficult to express in heterologous hosts. The major hurdles are its signal sequence,...

    Authors: Sheikh M Talha, Satish Kumar Nemani, Teppo Salminen, Sushil Kumar, Sathyamangalam Swaminathan, Tero Soukka, Kim Pettersson and Navin Khanna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:325
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The importance of the reduction in hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels 4 and 12 weeks after starting peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy has been reported to predict a sustained virologic ...

    Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Noritomo Shimada, Koichi Takaguchi, Tatsuya Ide, Michio Sata, Hiroyuki Ginba, Kazuhiro Matsuyama and Namiki Izumi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Despite the widely accepted association between crusted scabies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection, crusted scabies has not been included in the spectrum of infections associated with immune reco...

    Authors: Mónica Fernández-Sánchez, Marcela Saeb-Lima, Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera and Gustavo Reyes-Terán
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:323
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a comparatively rare urinary tract infection characterized by air within the bladder wall and lumen and is usually associated with immunosuppression or poorly controlled diabetes...

    Authors: Takeshi Hashimoto, Kazunori Namiki, Ayako Tanaka, Kenji Shimodaira, Tatsuo Gondo and Masaaki Tachibana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:322
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Chronic wounds affect millions of people and cost billions of dollars in the United States each year. These wounds harbor polymicrobial biofilm communities, which can be difficult to elucidate using culturing ...

    Authors: Daniel D Rhoads, Stephen B Cox, Eric J Rees, Yan Sun and Randall D Wolcott
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infections among women worldwide. E. coli often causes more than 75% of acute uncomplicated UTI, however, little is known about how recurrent UTIs and ind...

    Authors: Louise Ladefoged Poulsen, Magne Bisgaard, Nguyen Thai Son, Nguyen Vu Trung, Hoang Manh An and Anders Dalsgaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Early sexual behaviour has been shown to differ significantly between genders, but few studies have addressed this topic to explain the commonly observed differences in chlamydia rates between adolescent girls...

    Authors: Kirsten Gravningen, Anne-Sofie Furberg, Gunnar Skov Simonsen and Tom Wilsgaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:319
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Campylobacter is a common cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis characterized by multiple environmental sources and transmission pathways. Ecological studies can be used to reveal important regional characterist...

    Authors: Julie Arsenault, Olaf Berke, Pascal Michel, André Ravel and Pierre Gosselin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. High plasma viremia in HIV-1 infection is associated with rapid CD4 cell decline and faster disease progression. Children with HIV infection have high viral loads, particularly in early childhood. In this stud...

    Authors: Ujjwal Neogi, Pravat Nalini Sahoo, Ayesha De Costa and Anita Shet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Specific land cover types and activities have been correlated with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense distributions, indicating the importance of landscape for epidemiological risk. However, methods proposed to ident...

    Authors: Nicola A Wardrop, Eric M Fèvre, Peter M Atkinson, Abbas SL Kakembo and Susan C Welburn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:316
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The increasing incidence of community acquired infection due to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) -Producing Enterobacteriaceae represent a great concern because there are few therapeutic alternatives. The ...

    Authors: André Birgy, Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy, Philippe Bidet, Céline Courroux, Mohamed Benani, Franck Thollot and Edouard Bingen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Global resurgence of dengue virus infections in many of the tropical and subtropical countries is a major concern. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of successful drugs that are both econo...

    Authors: Hussin A Rothan, Heh Choon Han, Thamil Selvee Ramasamy, Shatrah Othman, Noorsaadah Abd Rahman and Rohana Yusof
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:314
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. An outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease took place in the Swedish town Lidköping on Lake Vänern in August 2004 and the number of pneumonia cases at the local hospital increased markedly. As soon as the first pati...

    Authors: Peter Ulleryd, Anna Hugosson, Görel Allestam, Sverker Bernander, Berndt EB Claesson, Ingrid Eilertz, Anne-Christine Hagaeus, Martin Hjorth, Agneta Johansson, Birgitta de Jong, Anna Lindqvist, Peter Nolskog and Nils Svensson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:313
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is an important and common disease of childhood. Bacteria isolated from cases of clinically problematic AOM in German children were identified and characterized.

    Authors: Gerhard Grevers, Susanne Wiedemann, Jan-Christof Bohn, Rolf-Werner Blasius, Thomas Harder, Werner Kroeniger, Volker Vetter, Jean-Yves Pirçon and Cinzia Marano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:312
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:118

  44. The Australian state of Victoria, with 5.2 million residents, enforced home quarantine during a H1N1 pandemic in 2009. The strategy was targeted at school children. The objective of this study was to investiga...

    Authors: Anne M Kavanagh, Kate E Mason, Rebecca J Bentley, David M Studdert, Jodie McVernon, James E Fielding, Sylvia Petrony, Lyle Gurrin and Anthony D LaMontagne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:311
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. To understand epidemiologic patterns of meningococcal disease in Asia, we performed a retrospective molecular analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected in prospective surveillance among childre...

    Authors: Soon Ae Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Bai Qing Dong, Jung Soo Kim, Dang Duc Anh and Paul E Kilgore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:310
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. During the early stages of a new influenza pandemic, travel restriction is an immediate and non-pharmaceutical means of retarding incidence growth. It extends the time frame of effective mitigation, especially...

    Authors: Ka Chun Chong and Benny Chung Ying Zee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:309
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has gained an increasing amount of attention in the treatment of patients with pneumonia. However, the benefit of empirical combination therapy for pneumonia remains unclear. We evaluated ...

    Authors: So-Youn Park, Hyun Jung Park, Song Mi Moon, Ki-Ho Park, Yong Pil Chong, Mi-Na Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo and Sang-Ho Choi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:308
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. We report the first multi-site rotavirus genotype analysis in Canada. Prior to this study, there was a dearth of rotavirus G and P genotyping data in Canada. Publically funded universal rotavirus vaccination i...

    Authors: Andrew McDermid, Nicole Le Saux, Elsie Grudeski, Julie A Bettinger, Kathy Manguiat, Scott A Halperin, Lily MacDonald, Pierre Déry, Joanne Embree, Wendy Vaudry and Timothy F Booth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:306
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Non-brucellar and non-tuberculous infectious sacroiliitis (ISI) is a rare disease, with misleading clinical signs that delay diagnosis. Most observations are based on isolated case reports or small case series...

    Authors: Marion Hermet, Emeline Minichiello, René Marc Flipo, Jean Jacques Dubost, Yannick Allanore, Jean Marc Ziza, Philippe Gaudin, Thierry Thomas, Emmanuelle Dernis, Baptiste Glace, Alain Regnier and Martin Soubrier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:305
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Use of multivitamin supplements during the pre-HAART era has been found to reduce viral load, enhance immune response, and generally improve clinical outcomes among HIV-infected adults. However, immune reconst...

    Authors: David Guwatudde, Amara E Ezeamama, Danstan Bagenda, Rachel Kyeyune, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Henry Wamani, Ferdinand Mugusi, Donna Spiegelman, Molin Wang, Yukari C Manabe and Wafaie W Fawzi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:304
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

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