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  1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as an important cause of not only hospital acquired pneumonia, but also non-nosocomial pneumonia. However, the risk factors for non-nosocomial MRSA...

    Authors: Won Jai Jung, Young Ae Kang, Moo Suk Park, Seon Cheol Park, Ah Young Leem, Eun Young Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang and Ji Ye Jung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:370
  2. Mayaro virus is endemic in South America and sporadic outbreaks have been described. It causes a dengue-like febrile illness accompanied by severe and long-lasting polyarthralgias. Outside endemic regions, how...

    Authors: Christian Theilacker, Jürgen Held, Ludger Allering, Petra Emmerich, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Winfried V Kern and Marcus Panning
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:369
  3. Increasing virulence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen is of grave concern because it causes a neurotrophic killer disease Japanese Encephalitis (JE) which, in turn, is r...

    Authors: Arindam Sarkar, Avishek Banik, Bani K Pathak, Subhra K Mukhopadhyay and Shyamalendu Chatterjee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:368
  4. The emergency department (ED) represents an environment with a high density of invasive, and thus, infection-prone procedures. The two primary goals of this study were (1) to define the number of hand-rubs nee...

    Authors: Simone Scheithauer, Vanessa Kamerseder, Peter Petersen, Jörg Christian Brokmann, Luis-Alberto Lopez-Gonzalez, Carsten Mach, Roland Schulze-Röbbecke and Sebastian W Lemmen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:367
  5. Cholera has been endemic in Douala, since 1971 when it was first recorded in Cameroon. Outbreaks have often started in slum areas of the city including New Bell. Despite the devastating nature of outbreaks, al...

    Authors: Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere, Thomas Njinuwoh Masalla and Henry Akum Njom
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:366
  6. The need for mandatory confirmation of negative conversion in Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia (KpB) has not been adequately addressed. We conducted a retrospective case–control study of adult patients with KpB o...

    Authors: Chang Kyung Kang, Eu Suk Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song, Hong Bin Kim, Taek Soo Kim, Nak-Hyun Kim, Chung-Jong Kim, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Ji-Hwan Bang, Wan Beom Park, Kyoung Un Park, Sang Won Park, Nam-Joong Kim, Eui-Chong Kim and Myoung-don Oh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:365
  7. The present study aimed to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure and to identify transmission chains and risk factors by prospective molecular typing in conjunction with conventional epidem...

    Authors: Séverine Ferdinand, Julie Millet, Annick Accipe, Sylvie Cassadou, Pascal Chaud, Maryse Levy, Max Théodore and Nalin Rastogi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:364
  8. The conjugate vaccine against serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (NmA), MenAfriVac, was first introduced in mass vaccination campaigns of the 1-29-year-olds in Burkina Faso in 2010. The aim of this study was to g...

    Authors: Paul A Kristiansen, Absatou Ky Ba, Idrissa Sanou, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Rasmata Ouédraogo, Lassana Sangaré, Fabien Diomandé, Denis Kandolo, Jennifer Dolan Thomas, Thomas A Clark, Marc LaForce and Dominique A Caugant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:363
  9. Countries of the Americas have been working towards rubella elimination since 2003 and endemic rubella virus transmission appears to have been interrupted since 2009. To contribute towards monitoring of rubell...

    Authors: Gillian H Lim, Tara Harris, Shalini Desai, Natasha S Crowcroft, Tony Mazzulli, Tina Kozlowski and Shelley L Deeks
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:362
  10. High school based chlamydia screening has been shown to increase uptake and detect hidden infections among sexually active adolescents. Our study aimed to: i) examine the proportions of 15–20 year-olds tested ...

    Authors: Kirsten Gravningen, Gunnar Skov Simonsen, Anne-Sofie Furberg and Tom Wilsgaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:361
  11. Tuberculosis infection control (TBIC) is rarely implemented in the health facilities in resource limited settings. Understanding the reasons for low level of implementation is critical. The study aim was to as...

    Authors: Esther Buregyeya, Fred Nuwaha, Suzanne Verver, Bart Criel, Robert Colebunders, Rhoda Wanyenze, Joan N Kalyango, Achilles Katamba and Ellen MH Mitchell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:360
  12. Necrotizing pneumonia attributed to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus has mainly been reported in otherwise healthy children and young adults, with a high mortality rate. Erythroderma, ai...

    Authors: Nagham Khanafer, Nicolas Sicot, Philippe Vanhems, Oana Dumitrescu, Vanina Meyssonier, Anne Tristan, Michèle Bès, Gérard Lina, François Vandenesch, Yves Gillet and Jérôme Etienne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:359
  13. Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes that have recently been hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of the inflammation response. We studied associations between inflammasom...

    Authors: Madelijn Geldhoff, Barry B Mook-Kanamori, Matthijs C Brouwer, Dirk Troost, Jaklien C Leemans, Richard A Flavell, Arie Van der Ende, Tom Van der Poll and Diederik Van de Beek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:358
  14. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious cause of morbidity among children in developed countries. The real impact of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on pneumococcal pneumonia is difficul...

    Authors: Hélène Chappuy, Kristina Keitel, Mario Gehri, René Tabin, Lynda Robitaille, Frederic Raymond, Jacques Corbeil, Veronica Maspoli, Naim Bouazza, Gabriel Alcoba, Laurence Lacroix, Sergio Manzano, Annick Galetto-Lacour and Alain Gervaix
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:357
  15. The use of quinolone prophylaxis in high-risk neutropenic patients is considered standard of care but the development of resistance is a concern. Previous studies have focused mainly on quinolone resistance am...

    Authors: Marcia Garnica, Simone A Nouér, Flávia LPC Pellegrino, Beatriz M Moreira, Angelo Maiolino and Marcio Nucci
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:356
  16. The objective of this study was to describe aetiology and case fatality of fever among inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

    Authors: Siri Kratter Abrahamsen, Cathrine Nødtvedt Haugen, Priscilla Rupali, Dilip Mathai, Nina Langeland, Geir Egil Eide and Kristine Mørch
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:355
  17. Shigellosis is rare in Taiwan, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.68 cases per 100,000 persons in 2000–2007. However, the incidence rate for a mountainous township in eastern Taiwan, Zhuoxi, is 60.2 ti...

    Authors: Ching-Fen Ko, Nien-Tsung Lin, Chien-Shun Chiou, Li-Yu Wang, Ming-Ching Liu, Chiou-Ying Yang and Yeong-Sheng Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:354
  18. Invasive candidiasis is an important nosocomial infection associated with high mortality among immunosuppressive or critically ill patients. We described the incidence of invasive candidiasis in our hospital o...

    Authors: Fang Li, Lin Wu, Bin Cao, Yuyu Zhang, Xiaoli Li and Yingmei Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:353
  19. The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of molecular methods for the detection of TB and drug-resistant TB as a rapid alternative to culture-based systems. In South Africa, the Xpert MTB/Rif assay a...

    Authors: Maunank Shah, Violet Chihota, Gerrit Coetzee, Gavin Churchyard and Susan E Dorman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:352
  20. To control tuberculosis (TB), it is critical to identify at risk populations. Schizophrenia is recognized as an important risk factor for TB. However, previous studies have been confounded by comorbidities, an...

    Authors: Shu-Chen Kuo, Yung-Tai Chen, Szu-Yuan Li, Yi-Tzu Lee, Albert C Yang, Te-Li Chen, Chia-Jen Liu, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Ih-Jen Su and Chang-Phone Fung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:351
  21. Dengue cases have been classified according to disease severity into dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Although DF is considered a non-severe manifestation of dengue, it has been recently d...

    Authors: Fernanda A Orsi, Rodrigo N Angerami, Bruna M Mazetto, Susan KP Quaino, Fernanda Santiago-Bassora, Vagner Castro, Erich V de Paula and Joyce M Annichino-Bizzacchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:350
  22. The world health organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis (TB) a global emergency, mainly affecting people in sub-Saharan Africa. However there is little data about the burden of TB among adolescents. We estim...

    Authors: James Waako, Suzanne Verver, Anne Wajja, Willy Ssengooba, Moses L Joloba, Robert Colebunders, Philippa Musoke and Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:349
  23. Improved influenza vaccines are needed to reduce influenza-associated complications in older adults. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal formulation of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine for u...

    Authors: Hans C Rümke, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Lars Rombo, Karlis Pauksens, Georg Plaßmann, Christelle Durand, Jeanne-Marie Devaster, Walthère Dewé and Lidia Oostvogels
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:348
  24. Syphilis has been referred to as “the great imitator” due to its ability to imitate other diseases. Untreated syphilis becomes a systemic infection that can involve almost every organ systems. Treponema pallidum ...

    Authors: Thilde Fabricius, Charlotte Winther, Caroline Ewertsen, Michael Kemp and Susanne Dam Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:347
  25. Elderly patients are at particular risk for bacteremia and sepsis. Atypicalpresentation may complicate the diagnosis. We studied patients withbacteremia, in order to assess possible age-related effects on the ...

    Authors: Astrid L Wester, Oona Dunlop, Kjetil K Melby, Ulf R Dahle and Torgeir Bruun Wyller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:346
  26. Sepsis has several clinical stages, and mortality rates are different for each stage. Our goal was to establish the evolution and the determinants of the progression of clinical stages, from infection to septi...

    Authors: Alba Luz León, Natalia Andrea Hoyos, Lena Isabel Barrera, Gisela De La Rosa, Rodolfo Dennis, Carmelo Dueñas, Marcela Granados, Dario Londoño, Ferney Alexander Rodríguez, Francisco José Molina, Guillermo Ortiz and Fabián Alberto Jaimes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:345
  27. Healthcare-associated (HCA) bloodstream infections (BSI) have been associated with worse outcomes, in terms of higher frequencies of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and inappropriate therapy than strict co...

    Authors: Pilar Retamar, María Dolores López-Prieto, Clara Nátera, Marina de Cueto, Enrique Nuño, Marta Herrero, Fernando Fernández-Sánchez, Angel Muñoz, Francisco Téllez, Berta Becerril, Ana García-Tapia, Inmaculada Carazo, Raquel Moya, Juan E Corzo, Laura León, Leopoldo Muñoz…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:344
  28. Two antigenically distinct influenza B lineages have co-circulated since the 1980s, yet inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) include strains of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and only one influenza B fro...

    Authors: Dorothee Kieninger, Eric Sheldon, Wen-Yuan Lin, Chong-Jen Yu, Jose M Bayas, Julian J Gabor, Meral Esen, Jose Luis Fernandez Roure, Silvia Narejos Perez, Carmen Alvarez Sanchez, Yang Feng, Carine Claeys, Mathieu Peeters, Bruce L Innis and Varsha Jain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:343
  29. Research has indicated that the environment may play an important role in the transmission of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile in healthcare facilities. Despite the sign...

    Authors: Meredith C Faires, David L Pearl, Olaf Berke, Richard J Reid-Smith and J Scott Weese
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:342
  30. Several studies have shown that serum IL-10, IFNγ and MIF are elevated in patients in severe dengue (SD) and could be used as potential biomarkers. We proceeded to determine if these cytokines could be used as...

    Authors: Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige, Laksiri Gomes, Lukmall Alles, Thashi Chang, Maryam Salimi, Sachie Fernando, Kushan DL Nanayakkara, SD Jayaratne and Graham S Ogg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:341
  31. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sequela in survivors of bacterial meningitis (BM). In the past we developed a validated prediction model to identify children at risk for post-meningitis hearing l...

    Authors: Marieke S Sanders, Rogier CJ de Jonge, Caroline B Terwee, Martijn W Heymans, Irene Koomen, Sander Ouburg, Lodewijk Spanjaard, Servaas A Morré and A Marceline van Furth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:340
  32. spa typing is a common genotyping tool for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Europe. Given the high prevalence of dominant clones, spa-typing is proving to be limited in its ability to distin...

    Authors: David M Engelthaler, Erin Kelley, Elizabeth M Driebe, Jolene Bowers, Carl F Eberhard, Jesse Trujillo, Frederic Decruyenaere, James M Schupp, Joel Mossong, Paul Keim and Jos Even
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:339
  33. The human norovirus (NV) circulates worldwide and is a major cause of epidemics, which have increased in Taiwan since 2002. NV in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and non-acute gastroenteritis (asymptomatic) patien...

    Authors: Meng-Bin Tang, Chien-Hsien Chen, Shou-Chien Chen, Yu-Ching Chou and Chia-Peng Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:338
  34. Bloodstream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality, and the epidemiology of Candida infection is changing. Surveillance for candidemia is necessary to detect trends in species...

    Authors: Chun-fang Ma, Fang-qiu Li, Li-ning Shi, Yu-an Hu, Ying Wang, Mei Huang and Qian-qian Kong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:337
  35. Scabies caused by Sarcoptes scabiei is a widespread but a neglected tropical zoonosis. In this study, we characterised a S. scabiei thioredoxin peroxidase (SsTPx) and evaluated a recombinant SsTPx as a diagnostic...

    Authors: Runhui Zhang, Wanpeng Zheng, Xuhang Wu, Quwu Jise, Yongjun Ren, Xiang Nong, Xiaobin Gu, Shuxian Wang, Xuerong Peng, Songjia Lai and Guangyou Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:336
  36. Control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) with a combination of ivermectin and albendazole, in order to interrupt transmissi...

    Authors: Paul E Simonsen, Yahya A Derua, William N Kisinza, Stephen M Magesa, Mwele N Malecela and Erling M Pedersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:335
  37. Palivizumab has been shown to decrease the incidence of hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants at risk of severe RSV disease. We examined the association between compliance with pa...

    Authors: Dan L Stewart, Kellie J Ryan, Jerry G Seare, Brett Pinsky, Laura Becker and Michael Frogel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:334
  38. Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania siamensis, is an emerging disease in Thailand. Although reported cases have been increasing, epidemiological information of the disease including host and vector aspects is not...

    Authors: Kobkan Kanjanopas, Suradej Siripattanapipong, Ubolrat Ninsaeng, Atitaya Hitakarun, Somnat Jitkaew, Preecha Kaewtaphaya, Peerapan Tan-ariya, Mathirut Mungthin, Chetsuda Charoenwong and Saovanee Leelayoova
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:333
  39. This study was performed to detect risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis.

    Authors: Ji Hwan Bang, Younghee Jung, Shinhye Cheon, Chung Jong Kim, Kyung Ho Song, Pyeong Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Eu Suk Kim, Sang Won Park, Hong Bin Kim, Myoung-don Oh, Hyo-Suk Lee and Nam Joong Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:332
  40. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are inflammation markers and have been poorly described in infectious disease. In this prospective study, we describe the sera kinetics of th...

    Authors: Fabrícia Alvisi de Oliveira, Carla Vanessa Oliveira Silva, Nayra Prata Damascena, Rodrigo Oliveira Passos, Malcolm S Duthie, Jeffrey A Guderian, Ajay Bhatia, Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura, Steven G Reed, Roque Pacheco de Almeida and Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:331
  41. Human cytomegalovirus infections are still significant causes of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. The use of antiviral agents is limited by toxicity and evolving resistance in immunocompromise...

    Authors: Axel Schubert, Karoline Ehlert, Susanne Schuler-Luettmann, Eva Gentner, Thomas Mertens and Detlef Michel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:330
  42. Hepatitis B virus is hyperendemic in Sudan. Our aim was to molecularly characterize hepatitis B virus from Sudanese individuals, with and without liver disease, because genotypes play an important role in clin...

    Authors: Mukhlid Yousif, Hatim Mudawi, Sahar Bakhiet, Dieter Glebe and Anna Kramvis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:328
  43. Understanding about who acquires new HIV infection and the determinants of why some persons get infected and others do not is fundamental to controlling HIV in the population. We assess HIV incidence and its a...

    Authors: Lalit Dandona, G Anil Kumar, Vemu Lakshmi, G Md Mushtaq Ahmed, Mohammed Akbar, Sri P Ramgopal, Talasila Sudha, Michel Alary and Rakhi Dandona
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:327
  44. Bacterial meningitis is characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction contributing to neuronal damage. The aim of this study was to obtain a comparative analysis of cytokines and chemokines in patients wit...

    Authors: Leonam G Coutinho, Denis Grandgirard, Stephen L Leib and Lucymara F Agnez-Lima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:326
  45. Staphylococcus aureus [methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible (MRSA/MSSA)] is a leading cause of infections in military personnel, but there are limited data regarding baseline colonization of individ...

    Authors: Todd J Vento, Tatjana P Calvano, David W Cole, Katrin Mende, Elizabeth A Rini, Charla C Tully, Michael L Landrum, Wendy Zera, Charles H Guymon, Xin Yu, Miriam L Beckius, Kristelle A Cheatle and Clinton K Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:325
  46. C. difficile (CD) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for toxin B gene (tcdB) is more sensitive, and reduces turnaround time when compared to toxin immunoassay. We noted typical amplification curves with h...

    Authors: Jerome A Leis, Wayne L Gold, John Ng, Zahir Hirji, Dylan R Pillai, George Broukhanski, Paula Raggiunti, Susy Hota, Allison McGeer and Susan M Poutanen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:324
  47. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common pediatric illness. Mainly induced by the Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A 16 infections, the frequently occurred HFMD outbreaks have become a serious public h...

    Authors: Wei Li, Lina Yi, Juan Su, Jing Lu, Hanri Zeng, Dawei Guan, Cong Ma, Wanly Zhang, Hong xiao, Hui Li, Yonghui Zhang, Jinyan Lin and Changwen Ke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:322
  48. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) continues to have a high mortality rate and often results in severe sequelae among survivors. Lately, an increased effort has been focused on describing the neuro...

    Authors: Jacob Bodilsen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder and Henrik Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:321

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:553

  49. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide including Bangladesh. Unlike what was seen in high-income countries, the licensed rotavirus vaccines did not show high ...

    Authors: Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Zahid Hassan, Saiada Farjana, Sayra Moni, Subarna Barua, Sumon Kumar Das, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Tasnim Azim and Mustafizur Rahman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:320

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