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  1. An improved understanding in transmission variation of kala-azar is fundamental to conduct surveillance and implementing disease prevention strategies. This study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns and ...

    Authors: Gouri Sankar Bhunia, Shreekant Kesari, Nandini Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar and Pradeep Das
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The quasispecies composition of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) could have important implications with regard to viral persistence and response to interferon-based therapy. The complete NS5A was analyzed to evaluate w...

    Authors: Ana CG Jardim, Cíntia Bittar, Renata PA Matos, Lílian HT Yamasaki, Rafael A Silva, João RR Pinho, Roberta M Fachini, Claudia MA Carareto, Isabel MVG de Carvalho-Mello and Paula Rahal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Hepatitis C chronic liver disease is a major cause of liver transplant in developed countries. This article reports the first nationwide population-based survey conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV ...

    Authors: Leila MMB Pereira, Celina MT Martelli, Regina C Moreira, Edgar Merchan-Hamman, Airton T Stein, Regina Maria A Cardoso, Gerusa M Figueiredo, Ulisses R Montarroyos, Cynthia Braga, Marília D Turchi, Gabriela Coral, Deborah Crespo, Maria Luiza C Lima, Luis Claudio A Alencar, Marcelo Costa, Alex A dos Santos…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Aspergillus tubingensis is a black Aspergillus belonging to the Aspergillus section Nigri, which includes species that morphologically resemble Aspergillus niger. Recent developments in species determination hav...

    Authors: Erik Bathoorn, Natalia Escobar Salazar, Shahrzad Sepehrkhouy, Martin Meijer, Hans de Cock and Pieter-Jan Haas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:59
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae are becoming a major public health concern globally, however, relatively little is known about the molecular and clinical epidemiology of these organisms in many parts o...

    Authors: Michelle N D Balm, Grace Ngan, Roland Jureen, Raymond T P Lin and Jeanette W P Teo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Asthma was the most common co-morbidity among patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 [pH1N1] infection. The objective was to compare characteristics of hospitalized pH1N1 patients with and ...

    Authors: John J McKenna, Anna M Bramley, Jacek Skarbinski, Alicia M Fry, Lyn Finelli and Seema Jain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) has been reported with increasing frequency in East Asian countries in the past 3 decades, especially in Taiwan and Korea. Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for KPLA...

    Authors: Yi-Tsung Lin, Fu-Der Wang, Ping-Feng Wu and Chang-Phone Fung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Acute schistosomiasis constitutes a rare but serious condition in individuals experiencing their first prepatent Schistosoma infection. To circumvent costly and time-consuming diagnostics, an early and rapid diag...

    Authors: Dominic Wichmann, Sven Poppert, Heidrun Von Thien, Joannes Clerinx, Sebastian Dieckmann, Mogens Jensenius, Philippe Parola, Joachim Richter, Mirjam Schunk, August Stich, Philipp Zanger, Gerd D Burchard and Egbert Tannich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. A cross sectional study to investigate HPV prevalence according to age and cytology.

    Authors: Elena Argyri, Stefanos Papaspyridakos, Elpida Tsimplaki, Lina Michala, Evangelia Myriokefalitaki, Issidora Papassideri, Dimitra Daskalopoulou, Ioanna Tsiaoussi, George Magiakos and Efstathia Panotopoulou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The role of HIV-1 RNA in the emergence of resistance to antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) is well documented while less is known about the role of historical viruses stored in the proviral DNA. The primary focus...

    Authors: Vijay Bansode, Grace P McCormack, Amelia C Crampin, Bagrey Ngwira, Ram K Shrestha, Neil French, Judith R Glynn and Simon A Travers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Heparin Binding Protein (HBP) is released to blood circulation from activated neutrophils in bacterial infections. It is a potential inducer of vascular leakage and precludes the development of septic shock. F...

    Authors: Kirsi-Maija Kaukonen, Heiko Herwald, Lennart Lindbom and Ville Pettila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Invasive fusariosis (IF) is a rare but often fatal fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients. In 2007, cases of IF above the expected epidemiologic baseline were detected in the hematology ward of a hospit...

    Authors: Christina M Scheel, Steven F Hurst, Gloria Barreiros, Tiyomi Akiti, Marcio Nucci and S Arunmozhi Balajee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Identifying people at higher risk of developing tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may improve clinical management of co-infections. Iron influences tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis, ...

    Authors: Joann M McDermid, Branwen J Hennig, Marianne van der Sande, Adrian VS Hill, Hilton C Whittle, Assan Jaye and Andrew M Prentice
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor contributing to the chronicity of infections. To date few studies have evaluated biofilm formation in infecting isolates of patients including both Gram-positive a...

    Authors: Carlos J Sanchez Jr, Katrin Mende, Miriam L Beckius, Kevin S Akers, Desiree R Romano, Joseph C Wenke and Clinton K Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Oral Candida colonization and its relation with predisposing factors in HIV-infected patients have received wide concerns during recent decades. In this study, we investigated asymptomatic oral Candida carriage r...

    Authors: Yu-Ye Li, Wen-Ying Chen, Xia Li, Hong-Bin Li, Hui-Qin Li, Li Wang, Li He, Xin-Ping Yang, Xi-Cheng Wang, Yun-Li Huang and Yong-Gang Yao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Apoptosis-associated biomarkers are rarely studied, especially their role in predicting the development of tuberculosis (TB) from latent TB infection and in prognostication.

    Authors: Chin-Chung Shu, Ming-Fang Wu, Chia-Lin Hsu, Chun-Ta Huang, Jann-Yuan Wang, Shie-Liang Hsieh, Chong-Jen Yu, Li-Na Lee and Pan-Chyr Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Phage lysin, extracted from three bacteriophages was used in place of antibiotics to control the overgrowth of normal flora in processed sputum samples leading to the sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tubercul...

    Authors: Balaji Subramanyam, Gomathi Sivaramakrishnan, Azger Dusthackeer and Vanaja Kumar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is highly prevalent in the African population, is one of the most common vaginal syndromes affecting women in their reproductive age placing them at increased risk for sexually ...

    Authors: Sonal Pendharkar, Tebogo Magopane, Per-Göran Larsson, Guy de Bruyn, Glenda E Gray, Lennart Hammarström and Harold Marcotte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. An early diagnostic test for detecting infection in leprosy is fundamental for reducing patients’ sequelae. The currently used lepromin is not adequate for disease diagnosis and, so far, no antigen to be used ...

    Authors: Silvana M Alban, Juliana Ferreira de Moura, João Carlos Minozzo, Marcelo Távora Mira and Vanete Thomaz Soccol
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, especially among non-affluent communities. In this study we determine the impact of respiratory viruses and how v...

    Authors: Emerson Rodrigues da Silva, Márcio Condessa Paulo Pitrez, Eurico Arruda, Rita Mattiello, Edgar E Sarria, Flávia Escremim de Paula, José Luis Proença-Modena, Luana Sella Delcaro, Otávio Cintra, Marcus H Jones, José Dirceu Ribeiro and Renato T Stein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern worldwide. In Vietnam, knowledge regarding N. gonorrhoeae prevalence and AMR is limited, and data concerning genetic charac...

    Authors: Birgitta Olsen, Pham Thi Lan, Daniel Golparian, Emma Johansson, Tran Hau Khang and Magnus Unemo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Anogenital warts (AGWs) are a common, highly infectious disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), whose high recurrence rates contribute to direct medical costs, productivity loss and increased psychos...

    Authors: Harshila Patel, Monika Wagner, Puneet Singhal and Smita Kothari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal disease which can cause multi-organ dysfunction. It can rarely present as acute pancreatitis. This is the first ever report of leptospirosis presenting with acute pancreati...

    Authors: Nuwan Ranawaka, Vijayabala Jeevagan, Panduka Karunanayake and Saroj Jayasinghe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:38
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Persistent digestive disorders account for considerable disease burden in the tropics. Despite advances in understanding acute gastrointestinal infections, important issues concerning epidemiology, diagnosis, ...

    Authors: Sören L Becker, Jürg Vogt, Stefanie Knopp, Marcus Panning, David C Warhurst, Katja Polman, Hanspeter Marti, Lutz von Müller, Cedric P Yansouni, Jan Jacobs, Emmanuel Bottieau, Moussa Sacko, Suman Rijal, Fransiska Meyanti, Michael A Miles, Marleen Boelaert…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:37
    Content type: Review Published on:

  26. Chlamydia trachomatis may cause multiple different urogenital tract disorders, but current non-culture assays for rapid screening of C. trachomatis typically use immunochromatography-based methods. We establishe...

    Authors: Ze-yu Wang, Guang-yu Fu, Shan-mei Wang, Dong-chun Qin, Zhong-quan Wang and Jing Cui
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Knowledge on antimicrobial drug resistance and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates circulating in India, Pakistan, and Bhutan is sorely lacking. In this paper, we describe the prevalence of ...

    Authors: Sunil Sethi, Daniel Golparian, Manju Bala, Dorji Dorji, Muhammad Ibrahim, Kausar Jabeen and Magnus Unemo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The effectiveness of preventive measures depends on prevailing attitudes and mindsets within a population. Perceived risk is central to a shift in mindset and behaviour. The present study aims to investigate t...

    Authors: François Taglioni, Michel Cartoux, Koussay Dellagi, Cécile Dalban, Adrian Fianu, Fabrice Carrat and François Favier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Coxsackievirus A9 (CA9) was one of the most prevalent serotype of enteroviral infections in Taiwan in 2011. After several patient series were reported in the 1960s and 1970s, few studies have focused on the cl...

    Authors: Yi-Chuan Huang, Ying-Hsia Chu, Ting-Yu Yen, Wen-Chan Huang, Li-Min Huang, Ai-Ling Cheng, Hurng-Yi Wang and Luan-Yin Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. While the incidence of pertussis has increased in adolescents and adults in recent years in the U.S., little is known about the incidence and economic burden of pertussis in older adults. This study provides e...

    Authors: Catherine Balderston McGuiness, Jerrold Hill, Eileen Fonseca, Gregory Hess, William Hitchcock and Girishanthy Krishnarajah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Tuberculosis (TB) in children is rarely confirmed due to the lack of effective diagnostic tools; only 10 to 15% of pediatric TB is smear positive due to paucibacillary samples and the difficulty of obtaining h...

    Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Nhu, Dang Thi Minh Ha, Nguyen Duc Anh, Do Dang Anh Thu, Tran Ngoc Duong, Nguyen Dang Quang, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Tran Van Quyet, Nguyen Thi Bich Tuyen, Vo Thi Ha, Do Chau Giang, Nguyen Huy Dung, Marcel Wolbers, Jeremy Farrar and Maxine Caws
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. As most genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections are asymptomatic, many patients do not seek health care for testing. Infections remain undiagnosed and untreated. We studied whether screening with information and...

    Authors: Hilde Kløvstad, Olav Natås, Aage Tverdal and Preben Aavitsland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Few data are available regarding the epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in ICU patients. The aim of this study was to examine epidemiology and economic outcomes (length of stay, hospital costs) among ...

    Authors: John W Baddley, Jennifer M Stephens, Xiang Ji, Xin Gao, Haran T Schlamm and Miriam Tarallo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of upper respiratory tract illness (URTI) and lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI). To analyse epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the four ...

    Authors: Wen-Kuan Liu, Qian Liu, De-Hui Chen, Huan-Xi Liang, Xiao-Kai Chen, Wen-Bo Huang, Sheng Qin, Zi-Feng Yang and Rong Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In April 2003, Médecins Sans Frontières launched an HIV/AIDS programme to provide free HAART to HIV-infected patients in Laos. Although HIV prevalence is estimated as low in this country, it has been increasin...

    Authors: Mathieu Bastard, Khamphang Soulinphumy, Prasith Phimmasone, Ahmed Hassani Saadani, Laura Ciaffi, Arlette Communier, Chansy Phimphachanh, René Ecochard and Jean-François Etard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is the diagnostic reference standard for bacterial meningitis, its sensitivity is limited, particularly when antibiotics were previously administered. CSF Gram staini...

    Authors: Henry M Wu, Soraia M Cordeiro, Brian H Harcourt, Maria da Gloria S Carvalho, Jailton Azevedo, Tainara Q Oliveira, Mariela C Leite, Katia Salgado, Mitermayer G Reis, Brian D Plikaytis, Thomas A Clark, Leonard W Mayer, Albert I Ko, Stacey W Martin and Joice N Reis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Indirect herd effect from vaccination of children offers potential for improving the effectiveness of influenza prevention in the remaining unvaccinated population. Static models used in cost-effectiveness ana...

    Authors: Ilse Van Vlaenderen, Laure-Anne Van Bellinghen, Genevieve Meier and Barbara Poulsen Nautrup
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Reports of acquired immunodeficiency due to autoantibodies against interferon gamma in the adult population are increasing. The interleukin-12-dependent interferon-gamma axis is a major regulatory pathway of c...

    Authors: Sébastien Poulin, Claude Corbeil, Mélanie Nguyen, Anik St-Denis, Lise Côté, Françoise Le Deist and Alex Carignan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:24
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. HIV positive patients are at risk of infectious and non-infectious complications that may necessitate intensive care unit (ICU) admission. While the characteristics of patients requiring ICU admission have bee...

    Authors: Julia Shrosbree, Lucy J Campbell, Fowzia Ibrahim, Phillip Hopkins, Marcela Vizcaychipi, Stephanie Strachan and Frank A Post
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Vitamin D enhances host protective immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by suppressing Interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and reducing disease associated inflammation in the host. The objectives of this study wer...

    Authors: Nawal Salahuddin, Farheen Ali, Zahra Hasan, Nisar Rao, Masooma Aqeel and Faisal Mahmood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a predominantly rural disease, common in the low lands of eastern Nepal. Since 1997 VL cases have also been reported among residents of the city of Dharan. Our main research obje...

    Authors: Surendra Uranw, Epco Hasker, Lalita Roy, Filip Meheus, Murari Lal Das, Narayan Raj Bhattarai, Suman Rijal and Marleen Boelaert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. In April 2009, public health surveillance detected an increased number of influenza-like illnesses in Mexico City’s hospitals. The etiological agent was subsequently determined to be a spread of a worldwide no...

    Authors: Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado, Martha Estela Albino-Sanchez, Enrique Garcia-Villa, Maria Guadalupe Aguilar-Gonzalez, Carlos Cabello, Dora Rosete, Fidencio Mejia, Maria Eugenia Manjarrez-Zavala, Carmen Ondarza-Aguilera, Rosa Ma Rivera-Rosales and Patricio Gariglio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases at the community level. In order to assess the adequacy of the empirical therapy, the prevalence and the resistance pattern of the ma...

    Authors: Inês Linhares, Teresa Raposo, António Rodrigues and Adelaide Almeida
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Accumulated evidence from epidemiological studies and more recently from randomized controlled trials suggests that male circumcision (MC) may substantially protect against genital HPV infection in men. The pu...

    Authors: Ginesa Albero, Luisa L Villa, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, William Fulp, Mary R Papenfuss, Alan G Nyitray, Beibei Lu, Xavier Castellsagué, Martha Abrahamsen, Danélle Smith, F Xavier Bosch, Jorge Salmerón, Manuel Quiterio and Anna R Giuliano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The primary strategy to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus in India is to improve supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) and routine immunization coverage in priority districts. The CORE Group, par...

    Authors: William M Weiss, Md Hafizur Rahman, Roma Solomon and Dora Ward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission of tuberculosis determines health seeking behavior and helps in prevention of tuberculosis transmission in the community. Such data is useful for policy makers to form...

    Authors: Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, H N Harsha Kumar and John T Arokiasamy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:542

  48. Incorporation of the solubilizing excipient, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD), in the intravenous (IV) formulation of voriconazole has resulted in the recommendation that this formulation be used with ca...

    Authors: Craig M Lilly, Verna L Welch, Thomas Mayer, Paul Ranauro, Joanne Meisner and David R Luke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Appropriate immune activation of T cells and macrophages is central for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. IFN-γ stimulated responses are lowered in tuberculosis (TB), while expression of Suppr...

    Authors: Kiran I Masood, Martin E Rottenberg, Naseem Salahuddin, Muhammad Irfan, Nisar Rao, Berit Carow, Muniba Islam, Rabia Hussain and Zahra Hasan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The pathogenesis of primary tuberculous pleurisy is a delayed-type hypersensitivity immunogenic reaction to a few mycobacterial antigens entering the pleural space rather than direct tissue destruction by myco...

    Authors: Tsutomu Shinohara, Naoki Shiota, Motohiko Kume, Norihiko Hamada, Keishi Naruse and Fumitaka Ogushi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:12
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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