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  1. After publication of the original article [1], we were notified that an author’s name has been erroneously spelled. Aamir Ali Khattak should be replaced with Aamer Ali Khattak.

    Authors: Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi, Huma Fatima, Muhammad Afzal, Aamer Ali Khattak and Muhammad Ali Nawaz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:25

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:935

  2. Despite recent improvement in management, infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be associated with considerable risk of morbidity and mortality. Early identification of predictors of inpatient mortality is ...

    Authors: William Lorson, Michael P. Veve, Eric Heidel and Mahmoud A. Shorman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:24

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  3. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to inexorably rise in the United States and throughout the world. Lower limb amputations are a devastating comorbid complication of diabetes mellitus. Osteomyeliti...

    Authors: Mary T. Bessesen, Gheorghe Doros, Adam M. Henrie, Kelly M. Harrington, John A. Hermos, Robert A. Bonomo, Ryan E. Ferguson, Grant D. Huang and Sheldon T. Brown

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:23

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In China, 90% of human brucellosis occurs in six northern agricultural provinces. However, there is a recent increase in the trend of human bruc...

    Authors: Hai-Yan Ye, Fan-Fan Xing, Jin Yang, Simon Kam-Fai Lo, Ricky Wing-Tong Lau, Jonathan Hon-Kwan Chen, Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu and Kwok-Yung Yuen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:22

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  5. Meningitis is a very rare atypical presenting feature of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. In our case report, we describe an unusual clinical presentation of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with a biphasic pat...

    Authors: Maria Stavrou, Jing Ming Yeo, Alexander David Slater, Oliver Koch, Sarosh Irani and Peter Foley

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:21

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic disease caused by species of Toxocara and Toxascaris, common in dogs and cats. Herein, a meta-analysis was contrived to assess the prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris ...

    Authors: Aida Vafae Eslahi, Milad Badri, Ali Khorshidi, Hamidreza Majidiani, Elham Hooshmand, Hamid Hosseini, Ali Taghipour, Masoud Foroutan, Nader Pestehchian, Farzaneh Firoozeh, Seyed Mohammad Riahi and Mohammad Zibaei

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:20

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Pyrazinamide still may be a useful drug for treatment of rifampin-resistant (RR-TB) or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China while awaiting scale up of new drugs and regimens including bedaquiline...

    Authors: Hui Xia, Susan van den Hof, Frank Cobelens, Yang Zhou, Bing Zhao, Shengfen Wang and Yanlin Zhao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:19

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. Recurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) after treatment occurs through relapse of the initial infection or reinfection by a new drug-resistant strain. Outbreaks of DR-TB in high burden regions presen...

    Authors: Kurt Wollenberg, Michael Harris, Andrei Gabrielian, Nelly Ciobanu, Dumitru Chesov, Alyssa Long, Jessica Taaffe, Darrell Hurt, Alex Rosenthal, Michael Tartakovsky and Valeriu Crudu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:17

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. Cryptosporidium is a genus of common intestinal protozoa, members of which cause diarrhea in a wide variety of hosts. Previous studies on Cryptosporidium in China have mainly focused on diarrhea sufferers, childr...

    Authors: Ning Xu, Hua Liu, Yanyan Jiang, Jianhai Yin, Zhongying Yuan, Yujuan Shen and Jianping Cao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:16

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Bacillus cereus sometimes causes central nervous system infection, especially in compromised hosts. In cases of meningitis arising during neutropenia, CSF abnormalities tend to be subtle and can be easily overloo...

    Authors: Yusuke Koizumi, Takafumi Okuno, Hitoshi Minamiguchi, Keiko Hodohara, Hiroshige Mikamo and Akira Andoh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:15

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  12. The Xpert® MTB/RIF assay (Xpert; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is a cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification assay for rapidly diagnosing tuberculosis and assessing antibiotic sensitivity. Although previous e...

    Authors: Young Seok Seo, Ji-Man Kang, Dong Soo Kim and Jong Gyun Ahn

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:14

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  13. The development of respiratory infections secondary to Aspergillus spp. spores found ubiquitously in the ambient environment is uncommon in immunocompetent patients. Previous reports of invasive upper airway aspe...

    Authors: Shihan N. Khan, Rashmi Manur, John S. Brooks, Michael A. Husson, Kevin Leahy and Matthew Grant

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:13

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  14. Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to determine the pre...

    Authors: Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar, Maryam Barkhori Mehni, Mostafa Rezaeian, Mehdi Mohebali, Vali Baigi, Somayeh Amiri, Mohammad Bagher Amirshekari, Ruhollah Hamidinia and Mohammad Samimi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:12

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  15. Brucellosis is endemic in many areas in China. The current diagnosis of Brucellosis predominantly relies on the traditional bacterial culture and serum agglutination test. In this study, we aimed to explore th...

    Authors: Nannan Xu, Wei Wang, Fengzhe Chen, Wen Li and Gang Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:11

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  17. An individual is considered HIV positive when a confirmatory HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation test returns positive following an initial reactive antigen/antibody combination screen. Falsely reactive HIV screens ha...

    Authors: Polly Tsybina, Maurice Hennink, Tania Diener, Jessica Minion, Amanda Lang, Stephanie Lavoie, John Kim and Alexander Wong

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:9

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  18. There have been no systematic studies of microbiological differences before and after antibiotics treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior receipt of antibiotics on the microorganis...

    Authors: Leiqing Li, Lingcheng Xu, Rongsheng Zhu, Jiaojiao Song and Xuanding Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:8

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  19. Mycoplasma sp. are well recognized as etiological agents of respiratory and sexually transmitted disease. Mycoplasma penetrans, a species of Mycoplasma sp., has been frequently detected in HIV-positive patients a...

    Authors: Benjamin Preiswerk, Frank Imkamp, Denise Vorburger, Rico V. Hömke, Peter M. Keller and Karoline Wagner

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:7

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  21. Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 is the main HIV co-receptor involved in the virus and cell-to-cell spread. A variant of the CCR5 gene known as CCR5-Δ32 which is a product of 32 base pair deletion in the...

    Authors: Ekerette Friday Ekere, Monday F. Useh, Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu and Tatfeng Youtchou Mirabeau

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:5

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  22. Despite the benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), there is a growing concern of treatment failure. This study aimed to assess viral non suppression rate and factors associated with HIV viral non suppressio...

    Authors: Abraham Aregay Desta, Tewolde Wubayehu Woldearegay, Nesredin Futwi, Gebrecherkos Teame Gebrehiwot, Goyitom Gebremedhn Gebru, Asfawosen Aregay Berhe and Hagos Godefay

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:4

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  23. Nucleic acid hybridization (NAH) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a practical and reliable tool for virus genotyping. Genotype assignment is an important factor in the prediction of treatment success in chronic h...

    Authors: Malik Sallam, Rawan Batarseh, Anas Natsheh, Jumana Abbadi, Esraa Al-Fraihat, Alaa’ Yaseen, Doaa Kaddomi, Nadia Khamees, Azmi Mahafzah and Gülşen Özkaya Şahin

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 20:3

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Outbreaks of infectious gastroenteritis are common in care homes for the elderly. Norovirus can cause these outbreaks, but diagnosis is frequently based solely on clinical characteristics. Our objective in thi...

    Authors: Thomas Inns, Deb Wilson, Petra Manley, John P. Harris, Sarah J. O’Brien and Roberto Vivancos

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 20:2

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. Despite the adoption of the provider-initiated HIV testing strategy, the rate of HIV testing is still very low in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with HIV testing...

    Authors: Ndeye Aïssatou Lakhe, Khardiata Diallo Mbaye, Khadime Sylla and Cheikh Tidiane Ndour

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 20:1

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Kaposi sarcoma, as an epidemiological factor, is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and it is related to human herpes virus (HHV-8), as well as a higher prevalence in males and non-genit...

    Authors: Helena Lucia Barroso dos Reis, Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira, Neide Aparecida Tosato Boldrini, Carolina Galvão, João Victor Jacomele Caldas, Marize Freitas Santos Neves and Philippe Godefroy

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1095

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  27. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has become a global concern. Determining the factors leading to death among HIV patients helps controlling Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Up t...

    Authors: Zahra Gheibi, Zahra Shayan, Hassan Joulaei, Mohammad Fararouei, Shohreh Beheshti and Mostafa Shokoohi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1094

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Accurate determination of the efficacy of antimicrobial agents requires neutralization of residual antimicrobial activity in the samples before microbiological assessment of the number of surviving bacteria. S...

    Authors: Gabrielle Sherella Dijksteel, Peter H. Nibbering, Magda M. W. Ulrich, Esther Middelkoop and Bouke K. H. L. Boekema

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1093

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster. Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) also causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Although both cause opportunistic infections, it is rare to have a co-infection in ...

    Authors: Hirotada Muramatsu, Akira Kuriyama, Yoshiaki Anzai and Tetsunori Ikegami

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1092

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  30. This study investigated predominant microorganisms causing community-onset bacteraemia at the medical emergency department (ED) of a tertiary-care university hospital in Germany from 2013 to 2018 and their ant...

    Authors: Kathrin Rothe, Nina Wantia, Christoph D. Spinner, Jochen Schneider, Tobias Lahmer, Birgit Waschulzik, Roland M. Schmid, Dirk H. Busch and Juri Katchanov

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1091

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. In most developing countries, smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) often gets missed from the diagnosis of consideration, though it accounts 30–65% of total PTB cases, due to deficient or inaccessible molecular ...

    Authors: Priyatam Khadka, Januka Thapaliya, Ramesh Bahadur Basnet, Gokarna Raj Ghimire, Jyoti Amatya and Basista Parsad Rijal

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1090

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Toxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic infection caused by the ubiquitous obligatory intracellular protozoan organism, Toxoplasma gondii. Although infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in heal...

    Authors: Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey, Amat Al-Khaleq O. Mehrass, Abdulqawi A. Al-Shammakh, Abdullatif D. Ali, Mohammed Y. M. Akabat and Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1089

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Egg-induced immune response and granuloma formation are thought to be the basis of central nervous system (CNS)-related clinical symptoms of Schistosoma japonicum. Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells...

    Authors: Zhoubin Tan, Zhuowei Lei, Zhuo Zhang, Huaqiu Zhang, Kai Shu, Feng Hu and Ting Lei

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1088

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. At least 13–20% of all Tuberculosis (TB) cases are recurrent TB. Recurrent TB has critical public health importance because recurrent TB patients have high risk of Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB). It is criti...

    Authors: Simon Mutembo, Jane N. Mutanga, Kebby Musokotwane, Cuthbert Kanene, Kevin Dobbin, Xiaobai Yao, Changwei Li, Vincent C. Marconi and Christopher C. Whalen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1087

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the parasitic infections affecting people living in prison. Helminths and intestinal protozoan infections are the most common parasitic infection that may cause serious...

    Authors: Gemechu Ameya, Zerihun Zerdo, Mihret Tesfaye, Chimdo Jabesa, Abayneh Awaje, Kaleb Dejene, Petros Shika and Mohammed Eshetu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1086

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Does the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae include the erasure of highly susceptible strains or does it merely involve a stretching of the MIC distribution? If it was the former this ...

    Authors: Chris Kenyon, Jolein Laumen, Dorien Van Den Bossche and Christophe Van Dijck

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1085

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. A key goal of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of viral load measurement is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initia...

    Authors: Jemal Hassen Ali and Tewodros Getinet Yirtaw

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1084

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Treatment of enterococcal periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) is challenging due to non-standardized management strategies and lack of biofilm-active antibiotics. The optimal surgical and antimicrobial thera...

    Authors: Nora Renz, Rihard Trebse, Doruk Akgün, Carsten Perka and Andrej Trampuz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1083

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. The European Commission (EC) Horizon 2020 (H2020)-funded ZIKAlliance Consortium designed a multicentre study including pregnant women (PW), children (CH) and natural history (NH) cohorts. Clinical sites were s...

    Authors: Vivian I. Avelino-Silva, Philippe Mayaud, Adriana Tami, Maria C. Miranda, Kerstin D. Rosenberger, Neal Alexander, Luis Nacul, Aluisio Segurado, Moritz Pohl, Sarah Bethencourt, Luis A. Villar, Isabelle F. T. Viana, Renata Rabello, Carmen Soria, Silvia P. Salgado, Eduardo Gotuzzo…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1081

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  41. Current studies regarding glucocorticosteroid treatment of influenza have only estimated risk of critical illness or death which can be easily confounded by timing of treatment administration. We used severe a...

    Authors: Xuesen Xing, Shixiong Hu, Meihua Chen, Faxian Zhan, Huihui Liu, Zhang Chen, Hengjiao Zhang, Ge Zeng, Qiaohua Xu, Hong Zhang, Man Liu, Honghui Liu, Lidong Gao and Lijie Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1080

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Community-onset pneumonia (COP) is a combined concept of community acquired pneumonia and the previous classification of healthcare-associated pneumonia. Although ceftriaxone (CRO) is one of the treatment choi...

    Authors: Shinya Hasegawa, Ryuichi Sada, Makito Yaegashi, Konosuke Morimoto and Takahiro Mori

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1079

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Linezolid is an alternative treatment option for infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Some countries report an increasing number of isolates wi...

    Authors: Guido Werner, Carola Fleige, Ingo Klare, Robert E. Weber and Jennifer K. Bender

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1078

    Content type: Technical advance

    Published on:

  44. After publication of the original article [1], the authors have reported that the software developers had used a new amended version of the software called “v0.9.5.10” instead of “v0.9.5.5”, which is referred ...

    Authors: Tao Zhang, Yan Wang, Qianting Yang and Yalin Dong

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1077

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:514

  46. Cholera is a major public health concern in displaced-person camps, which often contend with overcrowding and scarcity of resources. Maela, the largest and longest-standing refugee camp in Thailand, located al...

    Authors: Joshua Havumaki, Rafael Meza, Christina R. Phares, Kashmira Date and Marisa C. Eisenberg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1075

    Content type: Research Article

    Published on:

  47. Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scar...

    Authors: Huijie Chen, Ye Chen, Baijun Sun, Lihai Wen and Xiangdong An

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1074

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Trachoma is the commonest infectious cause of blindness. It is prevalent in areas where personal and community hygiene is poor, and it mainly affects deprived and marginalized communities most importantly in E...

    Authors: Alemu Gebrie, Animut Alebel, Abriham Zegeye, Bekele Tesfaye and Fasil Wagnew

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1073

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SMA) is present in hospital environments and has been one of the pathogens that cause nosocomial contamination and infections. To investigate the occurrence of Stenotrophomonas malto...

    Authors: Bende Liu and Shenglan Tong

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1072

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. After publication of the original article [1], we were notified that Figs. 1 and 2 has been misplaced. Hence, the position of the two pictures should be reversed.

    Authors: Yongxi Zhang, Brian Cooper, Xi’en Gui, Renslow Sherer and Qian Cao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1065

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1003

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