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  1. Viral infections such as influenza are thought to impact respiratory parameters and to promote infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the real morbidity of the influ...

    Authors: Julie Bucher, Pierre-Yves Boelle, Dominique Hubert, Muriel Lebourgeois, Nathalie Stremler, Isabelle Durieu, François Bremont, Eric Deneuville, Bertrand Delaisi, Harriet Corvol, Laurence Bassinet, Dominique Grenet, Natacha Remus, Marie Véronique Vodoff, Véronique Boussaud, Françoise Troussier…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Influenza virus (IFV) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with underlying lung disease. Treatment options for IFV are currently limited and antiviral resistance is a growin...

    Authors: Rhonda E. Colombo, Charles Fiorentino, Lori E. Dodd, Sally Hunsberger, Carissa Haney, Kevin Barrett, Linda Nabha, Richard T. Davey Jr. and Kenneth N. Olivier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination targeting females 12–13 years commenced in Australia in 2007, with catch-up of females 13–26 years until the end of 2009. No analyses of HPV vaccination program impact by...

    Authors: Megan A. Smith, Bette Liu, Peter McIntyre, Robert Menzies, Aditi Dey and Karen Canfell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. In 2010, to reduce late HIV diagnosis, the French national health agency endorsed non-targeted HIV screening in health care settings. Despite these recommendations, non-targeted screening has not been implemen...

    Authors: Judith Leblanc, Alexandra Rousseau, Gilles Hejblum, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Pierre de Truchis, France Lert, Dominique Costagliola, Tabassome Simon and Anne-Claude Crémieux
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:51
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Accurate quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is critical for diagnosis of acute or chronic HCV infection, and for follow-up of virologic response during HCV targeted therapy. In the present s...

    Authors: Xiangbo Huang, Zhongping Deng, Lu Long, Jinjun Chen, Deming Tan, Liyan Zhu, Xueying Fan, Tao Shen and Fengmin Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. However, the sensitivities of warning signs (WSs) for identifying severe dengue in adults are low, and the utility of lactate levels for identi...

    Authors: Vipa Thanachartwet, Anan Wattanathum, Nittha Oer-areemitr, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, Duangjai Sahassananda, Chalida Monpassorn, Manoon Surabotsophon and Varunee Desakorn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis deaths have decreased worldwide over the past decade. We sought to evaluate the effect of HIV status on tuberculosis mortality among patients undergoi...

    Authors: Gustavo E. Velásquez, J. Peter Cegielski, Megan B. Murray, Martin J. A. Yagui, Luis L. Asencios, Jaime N. Bayona, César A. Bonilla, Hector O. Jave, Gloria Yale, Carmen Z. Suárez, Eduardo Sanchez, Christian Rojas, Sidney S. Atwood, Carmen C. Contreras, Janeth Santa Cruz and Sonya S. Shin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), antiretroviral therapy (ART) can prolong life for HIV-infected patients. However, patients initiating ART, especially in routine treatment programs, commonly dropout from care eith...

    Authors: Stephen B. Asiimwe, Michael Kanyesigye, Bosco Bwana, Samson Okello and Winnie Muyindike
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Infectious intestinal disease (IID) is an important cause of morbidity in developed countries and a frequent reason for general practitioner (GP) consultation. In recent years polymerase chain reaction (PCR) b...

    Authors: Alwin Schierenberg, Martine D. Nipshagen, Berna D. L. Broekhuizen, Alma C. van de Pol, Patricia C. J. Bruijning-Verhagen, Johannes G. Kusters, Rob Schuurman, Sanne van Delft, Marie-Josée J. Mangen, Niek J. de Wit and Marc J. M. Bonten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:39
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  12. Co-infection of different influenza A viruses is known to occur but how viruses interact within co-infection remains unknown. An outbreak in a college campus during the 2009 pandemic involved two subtypes of i...

    Authors: Xu-Sheng Zhang and Daniela De Angelis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Early diagnosis of dengue infection is important for decision-making and timely implementation of therapeutic measures. Although rapid NS1 assays have been used for dengue diagnosis since 2008, their performan...

    Authors: Sibelle Nogueira Buonora, Sonia Regina Lambert Passos, Cleber Nascimento do Carmo, Fernanda Moisés Quintela, Diana Neves Rodrigues de Oliveira, Flavia Barreto dos Santos, Yara Hahr Marques Hökerberg, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira and Regina Paiva Daumas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The control of typhoid fever being an important public health concern in low and middle income countries, improving typhoid surveillance will help in planning and implementing typhoid control activities such a...

    Authors: Vittal Mogasale, Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale, Enusa Ramani, Jung Seok Lee, Ju Yeon Park, Kang Sung Lee and Thomas F. Wierzba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The occurrence of non-contiguous, multiple, and remote involvement tuberculous spondylitis is rare. The clinical presentation in patients with multifocal musculoskeletal tuberculosis may closely mimic that in ...

    Authors: Meiping Ye, Jinwei Huang, Jie Wang, Jianmin Ren, Jianfei Tu, Weibo You and Taohui Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:34
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 5 is among the most common serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in The Gambia. We anticipate that introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (P...

    Authors: Eta E. Ashu, Sheikh Jarju, Michel Dione, Grant Mackenzie, Usman N. Ikumapayi, Ahmed Manjang, Romuladus Azuine and Martin Antonio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Singapore’s diarrhoeal notification system is based on specific pathogens. Official data may thus be skewed towards notifiable diseases. Limited information is available on the profiles of aetiological agents ...

    Authors: Man Ling Chau, Sri Harminda Pahm Hartantyo, Min Yap, Joanne Su Lin Kang, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ramona Alikiiteaga Gutiérrez, Lee Ching Ng, Clarence C. Tam and Timothy Barkham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Although the isolation of clarithromycin (CAM)-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) indicates a poor treatment outcome and increased mortality, there have been only a few reports on drug treatment for C...

    Authors: Tsukasa Kadota, Hirotoshi Matsui, Takashi Hirose, Junko Suzuki, Minako Saito, Tomohiro Akaba, Kouichi Kobayashi, Shunsuke Akashi, Masahiro Kawashima, Atsuhisa Tamura, Hideaki Nagai, Shinobu Akagawa, Nobuyuki Kobayashi and Ken Ohta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Artemether-lumefantrine is currently the most widely recommended treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Lopinavir–based antiretroviral therapy is the commonly recommended second-line HIV treatment. Artemether and...

    Authors: T. Kredo, K. Mauff, L. Workman, J. S. Van der Walt, L. Wiesner, P. J. Smith, G. Maartens, K. Cohen and K. I. Barnes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common vector-borne viral infection worldwide with approximately 390 million cases and 25,000 reported deaths each year. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules re...

    Authors: Jorge Andrés Castillo, Juan Camilo Castrillón, Mayra Diosa-Toro, Juan Guillermo Betancur, Georges St Laurent III, Jolanda M. Smit and Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are among the most common bacterial causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. These pathogens are not sought routinely and capacity for their detection ...

    Authors: Babatunde W. Odetoyin, Jennifer Hofmann, Aaron O. Aboderin and Iruka N. Okeke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors(KIR) interact with Human Leukocyte Antigen(HLA) to modify natural killer- and T-cell function. KIR are implicated in HIV acquisition by small studies that have not bee...

    Authors: V. Naranbhai, D. de Assis Rosa, L. Werner, R. Moodley, H. Hong, A. Kharsany, K. Mlisana, S. Sibeko, N. Garrett, D. Chopera, W. H. Carr, Q. Abdool Karim, A. V. S. Hill, S. S. Abdool Karim, M. Altfeld, C. M. Gray…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) is promoted as a means to increase HIV case finding. We assessed the effectiveness of PITC to increase HIV testing rate and HIV case finding among outpatie...

    Authors: Felix R. Kayigamba, Daniëla Van Santen, Mirjam I. Bakker, Judith Lammers, Veronicah Mugisha, Emmanuel Bagiruwigize, Ludwig De Naeyer, Anita Asiimwe and Maarten F. Schim Van Der Loeff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Although pertussis has been considered a disease of childhood, it is also recognized as an important respiratory tract infection in adolescents and adults. However, in countries with routine vaccination agains...

    Authors: Nirada Siriyakorn, Pornvimol Leethong, Terapong Tantawichien, Saowalak Sripakdee, Anusak Kerdsin, Surang Dejsirilert and Leilani Paitoonpong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) can co-exist in pharyngeal and cervical malignancies. However, the natural history and factors associated with persistent HPV infection among HIV-infecte...

    Authors: Sara Gianella, Christine C. Ginocchio, Eric S. Daar, Michael P. Dube and Sheldon R. Morris
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is reported to infect about a third of the world’s population but only 10 % are thought to develop active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Host immunity regulated by human leukocyte ant...

    Authors: Dan Wamala, Helen Koyokoyo Buteme, Samuel Kirimunda, Gunilla Kallenius and Moses Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Although male predominance was documented in previous studies on cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM), there has been no statistical study about female CM patients despite recently noticeable increase in fema...

    Authors: Hui Zheng, Mingyue Li, Dongmei Wang, Jia ling Yang, Qiong Chen, Xiaomei Zhang, Yang Man, Junying Lao, Ningfen Chen and Suyue Pan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Scabies impairs the health of humans and animals and causes heavy economic losses. Traditional diagnostic methods for scabies are inefficient and ineffective, and so far there is no commercial immunodiagnostic...

    Authors: Yu Zheng, Ran He, Manli He, Xiaobin Gu, Tao Wang, Weimin Lai, Xuerong Peng and Guangyou Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. In Zimbabwe, sputum smear microscopy (SSM) is the routinely used TB diagnostic tool in hospitalised HIV-infected patients. However, SSM has poor sensitivity in HIV-infected patients. We compared performance of...

    Authors: Lynn Sodai Zijenah, Gerard Kadzirange, Tsitsi Bandason, Maria Mary Chipiti, Bevel Gwambiwa, Forget Makoga, Pauline Chungu, Philip Kaguru and Keertan Dheda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a very rare complication of disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. So far it is mainly described for immunocompromised patients.

    Authors: Niklas F. Müller, Matthias Schampera, Gerhard Jahn, Nisar P. Malek, Christoph P. Berg and Klaus Hamprecht
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:19
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis in developing countries, particularly among children and HIV-infected persons. Pneumococcal oropharyngeal (OP) or nasopharyngeal (NP...

    Authors: Laura M. Conklin, Godfrey Bigogo, Geofrey Jagero, Lee Hampton, Muthoni Junghae, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Fabiana Pimenta, Bernard Beall, Thomas Taylor, Brian Plikaytis, Kayla F. Laserson, John Vulule, Chris Van Beneden, Cynthia G. Whitney, Robert F. Breiman and Daniel R. Feikin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The discovery of autochthonous hepatitis E in industrialized countries has changed the understanding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in these regions, now known to be mainly due to zoonotic transmission o...

    Authors: João R. Mesquita, Mette Myrmel, Kathrine Stene-Johansen, Joakim Øverbø and Maria S. J. Nascimento
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:17
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. An outbreak of cutaneous sporotrichosis occurred in the Darwin region of the Northern Territory (NT) in 2014. We aimed to determine the source and risk factors associated with the outbreak and describe the cli...

    Authors: Sarah L. McGuinness, Rowena Boyd, Sarah Kidd, Charlie McLeod, Vicki L. Krause and Anna P. Ralph
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In Canada both bivalent (bHPV) vaccine and quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) are authorized for use. In Alberta, while both vaccines are available for private purchase, only qHPV is publicly funded for school gi...

    Authors: Xianfang C. Liu, Christopher A. Bell, Kimberley A. Simmonds, Margaret L. Russell and Lawrence W. Svenson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The global burden of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV co-infection is enormous. The risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer is associated with HBV DNA levels. The main objective of the study was ...

    Authors: Timothy N. A. Archampong, Margaret Lartey, Kwamena W. Sagoe, Adjoa Obo-Akwa, Ernest Kenu, Fizza S. Gillani, Hongmei Yang, Isaac Boamah, Timothy Flanigan and Awewura Kwara
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Fast breathing pneumonia is characterized by tachypnoea in the absence of danger signs and is mostly viral in etiology. Current guidelines recommend antibiotic therapy for all children with fast breathing pneu...

    Authors: Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Salima Kerai, Nick Brown, Benazir Balouch, Zulfiqar Hyder, Gwen Ambler, Amy Sarah Ginsburg and Anita K. M. Zaidi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:13
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. The main aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in a group of school-aged children and adolescents with asthma because these results might indicate the theoretical risk of invasive pn...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Leonardo Terranova, Maria Francesca Patria, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Michele Miraglia del Giudice, Alessandro Bodini, Alberto Martelli, Eugenio Baraldi, Oscar Mazzina, Claudia Tagliabue, Amelia Licari, Valentina Ierardi, Mara Lelii and Nicola Principi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Despite the progress in the Prevention of the Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT), the paediatric HIV epidemic remains worrying in Cameroon. HIV prevalence rate for the population of pregnant women was...

    Authors: Hermine L. Nguena Nguefack, Henri Gwet, Sophie Desmonde, Odile Ouwe Missi Oukem-Boyer, Céline Nkenfou, Mathurin Téjiokem, Patrice Tchendjou, Irénée Domkam, Valériane Leroy and Ahmadou Alioum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. About one third of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also have chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV therapy with simeprevir, pegylated interferon alfa (PegIFNα) and rib...

    Authors: Frank Andersohn, Anne-Kathrin Claes, Werner Kulp, Jörg Mahlich and Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are a major public health concern in HIV/AIDS patients particularly in resource-limited settings of Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies investigating the relationship between inte...

    Authors: Dickson Shey Nsagha, Anna Longdoh Njunda, Nguedia Jules Clement Assob, Charlotte Wenze Ayima, Elvis Asangbeng Tanue, Odette Dzemo kibu and Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) may cause intrauterine infections with potentially severe consequences to the fetus. Current serodiagnosis of these infections ...

    Authors: Yilin Wang, Lea Hedman, Maria F. Perdomo, Amal Elfaitouri, Agnes Bölin-Wiener, Arun Kumar, Maija Lappalainen, Maria Söderlund-Venermo, Jonas Blomberg and Klaus Hedman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:8
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  43. Understanding physicians’ antibiotic-prescribing behaviour is fundamental when it comes to improving antibiotic use and tackling the growing rates of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to devel...

    Authors: António Teixeira Rodrigues, Mónica Ferreira, Fátima Roque, Amílcar Falcão, Elmano Ramalheira, Adolfo Figueiras and Maria Teresa Herdeiro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Influenza is a major public health issue worldwide. It is characterized by episodes of infection that involve hundreds of millions of people each year. Since that in the seasons 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 the cir...

    Authors: Livia Mancinelli, Manuela Onori, Carlo Concato, Roberto Sorge, Stefano Chiavelli, Luana Coltella, Umberto Raucci, Antonio Reale, Donato Menichella and Cristina Russo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The rapid determination of pathogenic agent is very important to clinician for guiding their clinical medication. However, current diagnostic methods are of limitation in many aspects, such as detecting range,...

    Authors: Mingzhi Ye, Wei Wei, Zhikai Yang, Yingzhen Li, Shaomin Cheng, Kang Wang, Tianliangwen Zhou, Jingmeng Sun, Sha Liu, Na Ni, Hui Jiang and Hua Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:5
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Tuberculosis (TB) patients with multiple episodes of anti-TB treatment represent an important source of TB transmission, as well as a serious threat to the control of drug resistant TB, due to the high risk of...

    Authors: Yi Hu, Qi Zhao, Jim Werngren, Sven Hoffner, Vinod K. Diwan and Biao Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The 1980’s economic boom has been associated with a rapid expansion of China’s sex industry over the past three decades. Consequently, the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and hepatitis infecti...

    Authors: Shu Su, Eric P. F. Chow, Kathryn E. Muessig, Lei Yuan, Joseph D. Tucker, Xiaohu Zhang, Jiehui Ren, Christopher K. Fairley, Jun Jing and Lei Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. To develop content validity of a comprehensive patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure following current best scientific methodology to standardize assessment of influenza (flu) symptoms in clinical research.

    Authors: John H. Powers, M. Lourdes Guerrero, Nancy Kline Leidy, Mary P. Fairchok, Alice Rosenberg, Andrés Hernández, Sonja Stringer, Christina Schofield, Patricia Rodríguez-Zulueta, Katherine Kim, Patrick J. Danaher, Hilda Ortega-Gallegos, Elizabeth Dansie Bacci, Nathaniel Stepp, Arturo Galindo-Fraga, Kristina St. Clair…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The spatial-temporal dynamics of Bordetella pertussis remains as a highly interesting case in infectious disease epidemiology. Despite large-scale vaccination programs in place for over 50 years around the world,...

    Authors: Mauricio Lima, Sergio A. Estay, Rodrigo Fuentes, Paola Rubilar, Hélène Broutin and Gerardo Chowell-Puente
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:590
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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