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  1. The continuing circulation of MERS in the Middle East makes the international dissemination of the disease a permanent threat. To inform risk assessment, we investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of MERS glob...

    Authors: Chiara Poletto, Pierre-Yves Boëlle and Vittoria Colizza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea but the economic costs of CDI on healthcare systems in the US remain uncertain.

    Authors: Shanshan Zhang, Sarah Palazuelos-Munoz, Evelyn M. Balsells, Harish Nair, Ayman Chit and Moe H. Kyaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Leptospirosis is a globally emerging zoonotic disease and an important public health threat in developing countries. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is mainly based on clinical presentations in resource poor countr...

    Authors: Kanchana Bandara, Manjula Manoji Weerasekera, Chinthika Gunasekara, Nilantha Ranasinghe, Chamil Marasinghe and Neluka Fernando
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Scant information is available on the infectious causes of febrile illnesses in Armenia. The goal of this study was to describe the most common causes, with a focus on zoonotic and arboviral infections and rel...

    Authors: Lusine Paronyan, Eduard Zardaryan, Vahe Bakunts, Zaruhi Gevorgyan, Vigen Asoyan, Hripsime Apresyan, Alvard Hovhannisyan, Karo Palayan, Christian T. Bautista, Tinatin Kuchuloria and Robert G. Rivard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:445
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most important healthcare-associated pathogens. Colistin is regarded as the last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacter...

    Authors: Yi-Fan Hu, Chang-Pan Liu, Nai-Yu Wang and Shou-Chuan Shih
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) compromises Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL) with detriments to Physical, Mental and Social health domains. Treatment with interferon and ribavirin is associated with side effects ...

    Authors: Andrew Richard Armstrong, Susan Elizabeth Herrmann, Olivier Chassany, Christophe Lalanne, Mariliza Henrique Da Silva, Eliana Galano, Patrizia M. Carrieri, Vincent Estellon, Philippe Sogni and Martin Duracinsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:443
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The therapeutic HIV-1 Tat protein vaccine is in advanced clinical development. Tuberculosis, the main AIDS co-infection, is highly endemic in areas where AIDS prevention through vaccination is needed. However,...

    Authors: Aurelio Cafaro, Giovanni Piccaro, Giuseppe Altavilla, Vincenzo Gigantino, Giuseppe Matarese, Erika Olivieri, Flavia Ferrantelli, Barbara Ensoli and Carla Palma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:442
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Dengue is a major health problem in tropical areas, including Taiwan. Dengue virus infection affects various types of cells and results in elevation of serum inflammatory molecules. Because these molecules may...

    Authors: Kuan-Ting Liu, Yao-Hua Liu, Chun-Yu Lin, Ming-Ju Tsai, Ya-Ling Hsu, Meng-Chi Yen and Po-Lin Kuo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:441
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. We investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated behavioural risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) attending a clinical service in Cape Town, South Africa.

    Authors: Etienne E. Müller, Kevin Rebe, Tobias F. Chirwa, Helen Struthers, James McIntyre and David A. Lewis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:440
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Clinicians lack objective tests to help determine the severity of bronchiolitis or to distinguish a viral from bacterial causes of respiratory distress. We hypothesized that children with respiratory syncytial...

    Authors: Darryl J. Adamko, Erik Saude, Matthew Bear, Shana Regush and Joan L. Robinson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:439
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The effect of previous natural pandemic H1N1 (H1N1 pdm09) influenza infection on the immunogenicity to subsequent inactivated influenza vaccination in children has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate t...

    Authors: Eun Kyeong Kang, Byung Wook Eun, Nam Hee Kim, Jung Sub Lim, Jun Ah Lee and Dong Ho Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Data on the prevalence of and factors associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis are limited. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and factors...

    Authors: L. Máiz, R. Girón, C. Olveira, M. Vendrell, R. Nieto and M. A. Martínez-García
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:437
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Malaria is still a major health problem in some parts of the world. Plasmodium falciparum is the common pathogenic parasite and is responsible for majority of malaria associated deaths. Recently the other benign ...

    Authors: Yohannes Demissie and Tsige Ketema
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Pasteurella multocida is a well-recognized zoonotic agent following dog or cat bites or scratches. Nevertheless, prosthetic joint infection caused by P. multocida are rarely reported.

    Authors: Estelle Honnorat, Piseth Seng, Hélène Savini, Pierre-Olivier Pinelli, Fabrice Simon and Andreas Stein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:435
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Diarrhea is the second most common cause of death among children less than 5 years of age worldwide. The etiological agents of diarrhea in the southeast coastal area of China were studied from July 2009 to Dec...

    Authors: Shufa Zheng, Fei Yu, Xiao Chen, Dawei Cui, Yongzhang Cheng, Guoliang Xie, Xianzhi Yang, Dongsheng Han, Yiyin Wang, Wen Zhang and Yu Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Candidemia is an increasing problem in tertiary care hospitals worldwide. Here, we report the first outbreak of candidemia caused by fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis (FRCP) strains in Brazil.

    Authors: Henrique Marconi Sampaio Pinhati, Luiz Augusto Casulari, Ana Carolina Remondi Souza, Ricardo Andreotti Siqueira, Camila Maria Gomes Damasceno and Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:433
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The experience of clinicians in charge of the in-hospital management of peritonsillar abscesses supports the association between severe forms and anti-inflammatory drug (AID) consumption. However, this observa...

    Authors: Thomas Feasson, Mathilde Debeaupte, Clément Bidet, Florence Ader, François Disant, Tristan Ferry, Christian Chidiac and Florent Valour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:432
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. With the development of invasive medical procedures, an increasing number of healthcare-associated infective endocarditis cases have been reported. In particular, non-nosocomial healthcare-associated infective...

    Authors: Hideharu Hagiya, Takeshi Tanaka, Kohei Takimoto, Hisao Yoshida, Norihisa Yamamoto, Yukihiro Akeda and Kazunori Tomono
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:431
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Accurate diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is paramount for patient management. The wrong diagnosis places patients at risk, delays treatment, and/ or contributes to transmission of infection in ...

    Authors: Yanal M. Murad, Justo Perez, Gustavo Ybazeta, Sarah Mavin, Sebastien Lefebvre, J. Scott Weese, Joyce Rousseau, Francisco Diaz-Mitoma and Reza Nokhbeh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:430
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Aging is associated with altered immune response, which increases susceptibility to infections. sTREM-1 is involved in the amplification of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. The present cross-s...

    Authors: Veli Özgen Öztürk, Georgios N. Belibasakis, Gülnur Emingil and Nagihan Bostanci
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:429
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. In the absence of an effective vaccine, malaria treatment and eradication is still a challenge in most endemic areas globally. This is especially the case with the current reported emergence of resistance to a...

    Authors: Moses Ocan, Freddie Bwanga, Alfred Okeng, Fred Katabazi, Edgar Kigozi, Samuel Kyobe, Jasper Ogwal-Okeng and Celestino Obua
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:428
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase) producing enterobacteriaceae are challenging organisms with little treatment options. Carbapenems are frequently used, but the emergence of carbapenem resistant enteroba...

    Authors: Takahiko Fukuchi, Kentaro Iwata, Saori Kobayashi, Tatsuya Nakamura and Goh Ohji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:427
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Enterovirus (EV) 71 is the main pathogen associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) or herpangina. Outbreaks of HFMD caused by EV71 infection are associated severe neurological disease and high mortal...

    Authors: Hye-Jin Kim, Ji-Yeon Hyeon, Seoyeon Hwang, Yong-Pyo Lee, Sang Won Lee, Jung Sik Yoo, Byunghak Kang, Jeong-Bae Ahn, Yong-Seok Jeong and June-Woo Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:425
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Antibiotics are among the drugs most commonly prescribed to children in hospitals and communities. Unfortunately, a great number of these prescriptions are unnecessary or inappropriate. Antibiotic abuse and mi...

    Authors: Nicola Principi and Susanna Esposito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:424
    Content type: Review Published on:

  26. Genotypic molecular testing may be very helpful for tuberculosis (TB) drug-resistance surveillance and for treatment guidance in low resource settings.

    Authors: Evangelina Inácio Namburete, Inês Tivane, Miguelhete Lisboa, Margarida Passeri, Renata Pocente, Josefo Joao Ferro, Lee H. Harrison and Valdes Roberto Bollela
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:423
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. As has occurred in many regions worldwide, in 2012 the incidence of pertussis increased in Perú. This epidemiologic situation has been associated with a waning vaccine-induced immunity and the adaptation of Borde...

    Authors: H. Bailon, N. León-Janampa, C. Padilla and D. Hozbor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:422
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious worldwide public health problem and is associated with antibiotic overuses. Whether personalized prescription feedback to high antibiotic prescribers using routine...

    Authors: Lars G. Hemkens, Ramon Saccilotto, Selene L. Reyes, Dominik Glinz, Thomas Zumbrunn, Oliver Grolimund, Viktoria Gloy, Heike Raatz, Andreas Widmer, Andreas Zeller and Heiner C. Bucher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:421
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones pose a significant threat to hospitalised patients because the bacteria can be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers within healthcare facilities. To date,...

    Authors: Benedikt Hogan, Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy, Hassan Al-Emran, Denise Dekker, Andreas Hahn, Anna Jaeger, Sven Poppert, Hagen Frickmann, Ralf Matthias Hagen, Volker Micheel, Sabine Crusius, Jean Noel Heriniaina, Jean Philibert Rakotondrainiarivelo, Tsiriniaina Razafindrabe, Jürgen May and Norbert Georg Schwarz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:420
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Loss of a loved one has consistently been associated with various health risks. Little is however known about its relation to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

    Authors: Emily Bond, Donghao Lu, Eva Herweijer, Karin Sundström, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Katja Fall, Lisen Arnheim-Dahlström, Pär Sparén and Fang Fang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:419
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Although serogroup 20 is not part of any conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, its serotype 20A, but not 20B, belongs to the polysaccharide 23-valent formula. Little is known about its clinical, laboratorial and epi...

    Authors: Juliana Caierão, Fernando Hayashi Sant’Anna, Paulina Hawkins, Gabriela Rosa Cunha, Mariana Mott, Diego Rodrigues Falci, Pedro Alves d’Azevedo, Lesley McGee and Cícero Dias
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:418
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Paediatric cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by Actinomyces spp. and usually presents as a chronic, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with a propensity to mimic malignant co...

    Authors: Carlson–Babila Sama, Nicole Fouda Mbarga, Calvin Eta Oben, Jules A. Mbarga, Elvis Kiloh Nfor and Fru F. Angwafo III
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:417
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. The World Health Organization recommends TB infection control (TBIC) in health care facilities. In 2008, the Ministry of Health Uganda initiated efforts to implement TBIC by training of health care workers (HC...

    Authors: Esther Buregyeya, Simon Kasasa and Ellen M. H. Mitchell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:416
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. HBV infection remains largely underdiagnosed in Asian American population, and it is also poorly linked to cl...

    Authors: Chul S. Hyun, Sue Kim, Seung Y. Kang, Seo Jung and Seulgi Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:415
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The clinical diagnosis of pertussis is not easy in early infancy since clinical manifestations can overlap with several different diseases. Many cases are often misclassified and underdiagnosed. We conducted a...

    Authors: Anna Chiara Vittucci, Valentina Spuri Vennarucci, Annalisa Grandin, Cristina Russo, Laura Lancella, Albero Eugenio Tozzi, Andrea Bartuli and Alberto Villani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:414
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem especially in developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends use of Xpert MTB/RIF assay to simultaneously detecting My...

    Authors: Irfan Ullah, Aamer Ali Shah, Anila Basit, Mazhar Ali, Afsar khan, Ubaid Ullah, Muhammad Ihtesham, Sumaira Mehreen, Anita Mughal and Arshad Javaid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:413
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In the absence of a validated animal model and/or an immune correlate which predict vaccine-mediated protection, large-scale clinical trials are currently the only option to prove efficacy of new tuberculosis ...

    Authors: Andrea Zelmer, Rachel Tanner, Elena Stylianou, Timon Damelang, Sheldon Morris, Angelo Izzo, Ann Williams, Sally Sharpe, Ilaria Pepponi, Barry Walker, David A. Hokey, Helen McShane, Michael Brennan and Helen Fletcher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:412
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Like other countries in Asia, measles-rubella (MR) vaccine coverage in Bangladesh is suboptimal whereas 90–95 % coverage is needed for elimination of these diseases. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (...

    Authors: Md Jasim Uddin, Gourab Adhikary, Md Wazed Ali, Shahabuddin Ahmed, Md Shamsuzzaman, Chris Odell, Lauren Hashiguchi, Stephen S. Lim and Nurul Alam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:411
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Currently, no system for appropriate intra-hospital collaboration regarding hepatitis virus positive individuals exists, even in medical institutions with hepatologists among their staff. The main objective of...

    Authors: Hideki Fujii, Seiko Yamaguchi, Osamu Kurai, Masato Miyano, Wataru Ueda, Hiroko Oba, Tetsuya Aoki, Masaru Enomoto, Norifumi Kawada and Kiyotaka Okawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:410
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Campylobacteriosis caused by Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Campylobacter (mainly C. jejuni and C. coli) is one of the most common gastrointestinal zoonotic infections with increased incidence in humans worl...

    Authors: Heimo Lagler, Barbara Kiesewetter and Markus Raderer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:409
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) occurs even after passive-active immunization. Some scholars speculate that in-utero infection may be the main cause of immunoprophylaxis failure. However...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Xi-En Gui, Bo Wang, Jing-Yi Fan, Qian Cao, Kathleen Mullane and Xiao-Li Liang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:408
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on invasive pneumococcal disease is frequently reported, but the impact on upper respiratory tract infections in a clinical setting is less documented. Our a...

    Authors: Nils Littorin, Jonas Ahl, Fabian Uddén, Fredrik Resman and Kristian Riesbeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:407
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The co-circulation of 4 DENV serotypes in geographically expanding area, has resulted in increasing occurrence of DENV co-infections. However, studies assessing the clinical impact of DENV co-infections have b...

    Authors: Amreeta Dhanoa, Sharifah Syed Hassan, Chin Fang Ngim, Chun Fatt Lau, Teik Seng Chan, Nur Amelia Azreen Adnan, Wilhelm Wei Han Eng, Han Ming Gan and Ganeswrie Rajasekaram
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:406
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. While prior studies have quantified the mortality burden of the 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic at broad geographic regions in the United States, little is known about the pandemic impact at a local level. Here w...

    Authors: April J. Cobos, Clinton G. Nelson, Megan Jehn, Cécile Viboud and Gerardo Chowell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:405
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Onchocerciasis, caused by the parasitic nematode, Onchocerca volvulus afflicts some 37 million people worldwide, and is the second leading infectious cause of blindness globally. The only currently recommended dr...

    Authors: Glory Enjong Mbah, Rene Bilingwe Ayiseh and Fidelis Cho-Ngwa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:404
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Systemic embolism, especially septic embolism, is a severe complication of infective endocarditis (IE). However, concurrent embolism to the brain, coronary arteries, and spleen is very rare. Because of the ris...

    Authors: Ziqing Yu, Bing Fan, Hongyi Wu, Xiangfei Wang, Chenguang Li, Rende Xu, Yangang Su and Junbo Ge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:403
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Human Parainfluenza Virus (hPIV) causes severe respiratory illness in infants and adults. Our study describes the association of hPIV1–4 with bronchiolitis, croup, and pneumonia using retrospective laboratory,...

    Authors: Sumana Fathima, Kimberley Simmonds, Jesse Invik, Allison N. Scott and Steven Drews
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:402
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Aim of the study was to assess predictors of discontinuation/toxicity of boosted PI-based (PI/r) dual therapy (DT).

    Authors: Alessandra Latini, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Vanni Borghi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Giannetti, Patrizia Lorenzini, Laura Loiacono, Adriana Ammassari, Rita Bellagamba, Manuela Colafigli, Gabriella D’Ettorre, Simona Di Giambenedetto, Andrea Antinori and Mauro Zaccarelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:401
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Despite the successes of routine national childhood vaccination programmes, measles remains a public health concern. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how patterns of parental attitudes are linked to...

    Authors: Carine Weiss, Daniel Schröpfer and Sonja Merten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:400
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. A prospective study was performed to investigate the prevalence of colonization among ICU patients and to examine whether asymptomatic carriers were the source of subsequent C. difficile infection (CDI) and acqui...

    Authors: Xiaoxia Zhang, Xiaohui Wang, Jingyu Yang, Xiaohua Liu, Lin Cai and Zhiyong Zong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:397
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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