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  1. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) markedly reduces HIV transmission, and testing and treatment programs have been advocated as a method for decreasing transmission at the population level. Little is known, however,...

    Authors: David Champredon, Steven E Bellan, Wim Delva, Spencer Hunt, Chyun-Fung Shi, Marek Smieja and Jonathan Dushoff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Retention in HIV care improves survival and reduces the risk of HIV transmission to others. Multiple quantitative studies have described demographic and clinical characteristics associated with retention in HI...

    Authors: Baligh R. Yehia, Leslie Stewart, Florence Momplaisir, Aaloke Mody, Carol W. Holtzman, Lisa M. Jacobs, Janet Hines, Karam Mounzer, Karen Glanz, Joshua P. Metlay and Judy A. Shea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Rubella infection has been identified as a leading cause of birth defects commonly known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Kenya does not currently have a rubella immunization program nor a CRS surveillanc...

    Authors: Ian Njeru, Dickens Onyango, Yusuf Ajack and Elizabeth Kiptoo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The aim of this study was to characterize the spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) in a tertiary level hospital using ongoing active surveillance with rectal swab cultures. Furthermore, ...

    Authors: Saverio Giuseppe Parisi, Andrea Bartolini, Erica Santacatterina, Elena Castellani, Roberto Ghirardo, Alessandro Berto, Elisa Franchin, Nicola Menegotto, Ettore De Canale, Tiziana Tommasini, Roberto Rinaldi, Monica Basso, Stefania Stefani and Giorgio Palù
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Colonization by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been found to be markedly more common in HIV-infected individuals in the USA. Studies evaluating the prevalence MRSA ...

    Authors: Arkaitz Imaz, Mariana Camoez, Silvana Di Yacovo, Oriol Gasch, M Angeles Dominguez, Antonia Vila, Margarita Maso-Serra, Miquel Pujol and Daniel Podzamczer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is the largest in history. As of February 18th 2015, 23,258 cases of EVD have been cumulatively reported from Nigeria, Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Mali,...

    Authors: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Brandon Brown, Bridget Haire, Aminu Yakubu, Kristin Peterson and Jemee Tegli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:242
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  7. Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. Fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protecti...

    Authors: Ming-Der Liu, Ta-Chien Chan, Cho-Hua Wan, Hsiu-Ping Lin, Tsung-Hua Tung, Fu-Chang Hu and Chwan-Chuen King
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, rotavirus was the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children, and it continues to be the leading cause in countries without vaccinati...

    Authors: Megan A. O’Brien, Sònia Rojas-Farreras, Hung-Chang Lee, Lung-Huang Lin, Chieh-Chung Lin, Phuc Le Hoang, Montse Pedros and Núria Lara
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The microbiomes of humans are associated with liver and lung inflammation. We identified and verified alterations of the oropharyngeal microbiome and assessed their association with cirrhosis and pneumonia.

    Authors: Haifeng Lu, Guirong Qian, Zhigang Ren, Chunxia Zhang, Hua Zhang, Wei Xu, Ping Ye, Yunmei Yang and Lanjuan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Helcococcus kunzii is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that was first described by Collins et al. in 1993, and was initially considered as a commensal of the human skin, in particular of lower extremities. Human...

    Authors: Romain Lotte, Laurène Lotte, Nicolas Degand, Alice Gaudart, Sylvie Gabriel, Mouna Ben H’dech, Mathilde Blois, Jean-Paul Rinaldi and Raymond Ruimy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:238
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. The novel avian influenza H7N9 virus has caused severe diseases in humans in eastern China since the spring of 2013. On January 18th 2014, a doctor working in the emergency department of a hospital in Shanghai di...

    Authors: Hao Pan, Xi Zhang, Jiayu Hu, Jian Chen, Qichao Pan, Zheng Teng, Yaxu Zheng, Shenghua Mao, Hong Zhang, Chwan-Chuen King and Fan Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:237
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. After the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), the marked shift in Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) serotype distribution led to a modification in pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility. In 201...

    Authors: François Angoulvant, Robert Cohen, Catherine Doit, Annie Elbez, Andreas Werner, Stéphane Béchet, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Emmanuelle Varon and Corinne Levy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The occurrence of multifocal skeletal involvement in immunocompetent patients is rare, even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Multifocal skeletal lesions may occur as a result of hematogenous dissemi...

    Authors: Paulo Sérgio Ramos de Araujo, Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de Melo, Fábio Lopes de Melo, Zulma Medeiros, Maria Amélia Maciel, Renata Florêncio and Eduardo Brandão
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:235
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Carriage of either single or multiple pneumococcal serotypes (multiple carriage) is a prerequisite for developing invasive pneumococcal disease. However, despite the reported high rates of pneumococcal carriag...

    Authors: Arox W. Kamng’ona, Jason Hinds, Naor Bar-Zeev, Katherine A. Gould, Chrispin Chaguza, Chisomo Msefula, Jennifer E. Cornick, Benard W. Kulohoma, Katherine Gray, Stephen D. Bentley, Neil French, Robert S. Heyderman and Dean B. Everett
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The success of an intervention to prevent the complications of an infection is influenced by the natural history of the infection. Assumptions about the temporal relationship between infection and the developm...

    Authors: Sereina A Herzog, Nicola Low and Andrea Berghold
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The most common cause of implant failure is aseptic loosening (AL), followed by prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study evaluates the incidence of PJI among patients operated with suspected AL and whether...

    Authors: Marta Fernandez-Sampedro, Carlos Salas-Venero, Concepción Fariñas-Álvarez, Manuel Sumillera, Luis Pérez-Carro, Michel Fakkas-Fernandez, Javier Gómez-Román, Luis Martínez-Martínez and María Carmen Fariñas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Sepsis is the syndrome of body-wide inflammation triggered by infection and is a major public health problem. Diet plays a vital role in immune health but its association with sepsis in humans is unclear.

    Authors: Orlando M. Gutiérrez, Suzanne E. Judd, Jenifer H. Voeks, April P. Carson, Monika M. Safford, James M. Shikany and Henry E. Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease, with increasing frequency and severity of outbreaks, changing epidemiology of populations at risk, and the emergence of new serovars. Environmental drivers of d...

    Authors: Colleen L. Lau, Chris Skelly, Michael Dohnt and Lee D. Smythe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Despite the dramatically improved survival due to combination antiretroviral therapies (cART), life expectancy of people with HIV/AIDS remains lower than that of the general population. This study aimed to est...

    Authors: Barbara Suligoi, Antonella Zucchetto, Enrico Grande, Laura Camoni, Luigino Dal Maso, Luisa Frova, Saverio Virdone, Stefano Boros, Marilena Pappagallo, Martina Taborelli, Vincenza Regine, Paolo De Paoli and Diego Serraino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Malnutrition and malaria frequently coexist in sub-Saharan African countries. Studies on efficacy of antimalarial treatments usually follow the WHO standardized protocol in which severely malnourished children...

    Authors: Lise Denoeud-Ndam, Alassane Dicko, Elisabeth Baudin, Ousmane Guindo, Francesco Grandesso, Issaka Sagara, Estrella Lasry, Pedro Pablo Palma, Angeles M. Lima Parra, Kasia Stepniewska, Abdoulaye A. Djimde, Karen I. Barnes, Ogobara K. Doumbo and Jean-François Etard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:228
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  21. Hepatitis B (HB) prevention in the low-endemicity province of Quebec Canada, (population: ~8.2 million; birth cohort ~85,000/year), includes two decades of pre-adolescent school-based immunization, as well as ...

    Authors: Teegwendé Valérie Porgo, Vladimir Gilca, Gaston De Serres, Michèle Tremblay and Danuta Skowronski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. There is a paucity of data on the in vivo efficacy of antibiotics for lethal Vibrio species. Analyses of long-term surveillance datasets may provide insights into use of antibiotics to decrease mortality.

    Authors: Kam Cheong Wong, Anthony M. Brown, Georgina M. Luscombe, Shin Jie Wong and Kumara Mendis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Severe complications associated with EV71 infections caused many infants death. However, the pathogenesis of EV71 infection in the severe cases remained poorly understood.

    Authors: Ning Ye, Xun Gong, Li-li Pang, Wen-juan Gao, Ya-ting Zhang, Xiao-le Li, Na Liu, Dan-di Li, Yu Jin and Zhao-jun Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Prevention of infection due to multi-drug resistant organisms is particularly challenging because of the spread of resistant bacteria beyond hospitals into the community, including nursing homes. This study ai...

    Authors: Rosemary Ikram, Rebecca Psutka, Alison Carter and Patricia Priest
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Biofilms are associated with persistent infection. Reports characterizing clinical infectious outcomes and patient risk factors for colonization or infection with biofilm forming isolates are scarce. Our insti...

    Authors: Alice E. Barsoumian, Katrin Mende, Carlos J. Sanchez Jr., Miriam L. Beckius, Joseph C. Wenke, Clinton K. Murray and Kevin S. Akers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in HIV-positive people worldwide. Diagnosing TB is difficult, and is more challenging in resource-scarce settings whe...

    Authors: Meredith H. Lora, Melissa J. Reimer-McAtee, Robert H. Gilman, Daniel Lozano, Ruth Saravia, Monica Pajuelo, Caryn Bern, Rosario Castro, Magaly Espinoza, Maya Vallejo, Marco Solano, Roxana Challapa and Faustino Torrico
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. In Cambodia, despite great successes in the fight against HIV, challenges remain to eliminating new HIV infections and addressing sexual reproductive health (SRH) issues in key populations including female ent...

    Authors: Siyan Yi, Sovannary Tuot, Pheak Chhoun, Carinne Brody, Khimuy Tith and Sopheap Oum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. It can cause acute febrile illness in human and is a major health problem. Studies in human brucellosis in Malaysia is limited and so far no g...

    Authors: Bee Yong Tay, Norazah Ahmad, Rohaidah Hashim, Jama’ayah Mohamed Zahidi, Kwai Lin Thong, Xiu Pei Koh and Azura Mohd Noor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical symptoms of the disease, which may not be sufficient to ensure early diagnosis. The development of effective tools for the early detection of infection, such as ra...

    Authors: Ana Paula Mendes Carvalho, Angélica da Conceição Oliveira Coelho Fabri, Rodrigo Corrêa Oliveira and Francisco Carlos Félix Lana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Serological tests can be important tools to assist in the diagnosis of leprosy and can contribute to an earlier diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody responses against phenolic glycolip...

    Authors: Angélica da Conceição Oliveira Coelho Fabri, Ana Paula Mendes Carvalho, Sergio Araujo, Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Ana Márcia Menezes de Mattos, Henrique Couto Teixeira, Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart, Malcolm S. Duthie, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira and Francisco Carlos Félix Lana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Lassa fever is a potentially fatal acute viral illness caused by Lassa virus which is carried by rodents and is endemic in some West African countries. Importation of emerging infections such as Lassa fever, E...

    Authors: Nicholas N.A. Kyei, Mark M. Abilba, Foster K. Kwawu, Prince G. Agbenohevi, Joseph H.K. Bonney, Thomas K. Agbemaple, Shirley C. Nimo-Paintsil, William Ampofo, Sally-Ann Ohene and Edward O. Nyarko
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:217
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. The burden of malnutrition among HIV-infected children is not well described in sub-Saharan Africa, even though it is an important problem to take into account to guarantee appropriate healthcare for these chi...

    Authors: Julie Jesson, David Masson, Arsène Adonon, Caroline Tran, Capitoline Habarugira, Réjane Zio, Léoncie Nicimpaye, Sophie Desmonde, Goreth Serurakuba, Rosine Kwayep, Edith Sare, Tiefing Konate, Abdoulaye Nimaga, Philemon Saina, Akossiwa Kpade, Andrée Bassuka…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The societal economic burden of herpes zoster in Sweden is not well described today. This study is a top-down analysis of Swedish registers with the objective to describe the burden of herpes zoster and post-h...

    Authors: Jonas Nilsson, Tobias Cassel and Lars Lindquist
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Lymphoedema and hydrocoele are the two most common clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis (LF). In order to effectively target morbidity management strategies, more information is rapidly needed on mo...

    Authors: Michelle C. Stanton, Square Z. Mkwanda, Alexander Y. Debrah, Linda Batsa, Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum, Achim Hoerauf, Matthew Cliffe, Abigail Best, Andrew Molineux and Louise A. Kelly-Hope
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and resistance of commensal S. aureus in the nasal microbiota of community-dwelling persons in Austria, as well as to identify possible associations with ...

    Authors: Kathryn Hoffmann, Casper D. J. den Heijer, Aaron George, Petra Apfalter and Manfred Maier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Typhoid fever is an acute, invasive, and potentially fatal systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). Drug resistance to antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin i...

    Authors: Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen, Helga Abgottspon, Grethe Sägesser, Nicole Cernela and Roger Stephan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Authors: Nicola M Zetola, Nenad Macesic, Sanghyuk S Shin, Alexandra Peloso, Ronald Ncube, Jeffrey D Klausner, Chawangwa Modongo and Ronald G Collman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:211
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:409

  38. Directly observed therapy (DOT), as recommended by the World Health Organization, is used in many countries to deliver tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The effectiveness of community-based (CB DOT) versus clinic D...

    Authors: Cameron M Wright, Lenna Westerkamp, Sarah Korver and Claudia C Dobler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection of the liver, known as hepatic TB, is an extrapulmonary manifestation of TB. Hepatic TB has become more prevalent, likely as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus/...

    Authors: Andrew J Hickey, Lilishia Gounder, Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa and Paul K Drain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Truck drivers constitute an important bridging group in the HIV epidemic in Morocco. This study examined the effect of a community-based educational intervention in Morocco on HIV testing and counseling, in re...

    Authors: Hakima Himmich, Lahoucine Ouarsas, Fatima Zahra Hajouji, Caroline Lions, Perrine Roux and Patrizia Carrieri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is an idiosyncratic reaction to infection with Histoplasma capsulatum with a prevalence of 3:100,000 people infected. The rarity of post-histoplasmosis fibrosing mediastinitis (PHFM) ...

    Authors: Stephen B Strock, Silvana Gaudieri, Simon Mallal, Chang Yu, Daphne Mitchell, Joy Cogan, Wendi Mason, Deborah Crowe and James E Loyd
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Fungal infections represent a major burden in the critical care setting with increasing morbidity and mortality. Candidiasis is the leading cause of such infections, with C. albicans being the most common causati...

    Authors: Dimitrios K Matthaiou, Theodora Christodoulopoulou and George Dimopoulos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:205
    Content type: Review Published on:

  44. Although malaria is preventable and treatable, it still claims 660,000 lives every year globally with children under five years of age having the highest burden. In Zambia, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs...

    Authors: Lungowe Sitali, James Chipeta, John M Miller, Hawela B Moonga, Nirbhay Kumar, William J Moss and Charles Michelo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine antibody response has been associated with reduced risk of AIDS or death. However, it is unknown whether HBV vaccine responsiveness is associated with improved immune reconstitu...

    Authors: Kahtonna Allen, Octavio Mesner, Anuradha Ganesan, Thomas A O’Bryan, Robert G Deiss, Brian K Agan and Jason F Okulicz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Over the last two decades, the proportion of people who inject drugs among newly reported HIV cases in Italy has been continuously declining. This trend is reflected in the prevalence of HIV infection among pr...

    Authors: Mario Cruciani, Lucas Wiessing, Giovanni Serpelloni, Bruno Genetti, Alessandra Andreotti, Carpignano Iulia, Monica Zermiani and Barbara Suligoi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Single-dose azithromycin is recommended over multi-dose doxycycline as treatment for chlamydial infection. However, even with imperfect adherence, doxycycline is more effective in treating genital and rectal i...

    Authors: Andrew P Craig, Fabian YS Kong, Laxmi Yeruva, Jane S Hocking, Roger G Rank, David P Wilson and Basil Donovan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Sepsis is a serious medical condition requiring timely administered, appropriate antibiotic therapy. Blood culture is regarded as the gold standard for aetiological diagnosis of sepsis, but it suffers from low...

    Authors: Lars Ljungström, Helena Enroth, Berndt EB Claesson, Ida Ovemyr, Jesper Karlsson, Berit Fröberg, Anna-Karin Brodin, Anna-Karin Pernestig, Gunnar Jacobsson, Rune Andersson and Diana Karlsson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The 29 kDa Schistosoma haematobium species-specific antigen (ShSSA) is of remarkable interest in the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis although it had not been fully characterized.

    Authors: Uri S Markakpo, George E Armah, Julius N Fobil, Richard H Asmah, Isaac Anim-Baidoo, Alfred K Dodoo, Parnor Madjitey, Edward E Essuman, Somei Kojima and Kwabena M Bosompem
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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