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  1. Correct knowledge about transmission of tuberculosis (TB) can influence better health-seeking behaviors, and in turn, it can aid TB prevention in society. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence ...

    Authors: Peter A. M. Ntenda, Razak Mussa, Steve Gowelo, Alick Sixpence, Andy Bauleni, Atusayi Simbeye, Alfred Matengeni, Ernest Matola, Godfrey Banda, Christopher C. Stanley, Susan Banda and Owen Nkoka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:132
  2. HIV infection has become a chronic disease and well-being of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is now of particular concern. The objectives of this paper were to describe self-rated health among PLHIV, on ART and...

    Authors: Marta Ruiz-Algueró, Victoria Hernando, Henar Marcos, Gonzalo Gutiérrez, Maria Jesus Pérez-Elías, Juan Carlos López-Bernaldo de Quirós, Federico Pulido, Miguel Górgolas, Jesus Sanz, Ines Suarez-García, Maria Teresa Fernandez, Juan Emilio Losa, Jose Luis Pérez, Maria Oliva Ladrero, Miguel Ángel Prieto, Gustavo González…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:129
  3. Transgender women (trans women) in Nepal are underserved in the HIV response. Data are needed to determine the HIV prevalence disaggregated from other key populations and to identify the particular risks faced...

    Authors: Erin C. Wilson, Manisha Dhakal, Sanjay Sharma, Anuj Rai, Rajesh Lama, Sirish Chettri, Caitlin M. Turner, Hui Xie, Sean Arayasirikul, Jess Lin and Swagata Banik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:128
  4. To investigate the CT imaging and clinical features of three atypical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), namely (1) asymptomatic, (2) CT imaging-negative, and (3) re-detectable positive (RP)...

    Authors: Zhiqi Yang, Xiaofeng Chen, Ruibin Huang, Shengkai Li, Daiying Lin, Zhijian Yang, Hongfu Sun, Guorui Liu, Jinming Qiu, Yanyan Tang, Jianning Xiao, Yuting Liao, Xianheng Wu, Renhua Wu, Xiangguang Chen and Zhuozhi Dai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:127
  5. To observe the effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) under different doses, to summarize the clinical features of children treated with g...

    Authors: Zhenli Zhu, Tongqiang Zhang, Wei Guo, Yaoyao Ling, Jiao Tian and Yongsheng Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:126
  6. Streptococcus agalacticae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. This study was carried out to identify antibiotic resistance and virulenc...

    Authors: Raymond Mudzana, Rooyen T. Mavenyengwa and Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:125
  7. Kidney involvement of visceral Leishmaniasis is previously reported, but knowledge is limited. Hypergammaglobulinemia is common in visceral leishmaniasis patients. Whether hypergammaglobulinemia after leishman...

    Authors: Linfeng Zou, Gang Chen, Yangzhong Zhou, Wei Ye, Yubin Wen, Limeng Chen and Xuemei Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:124
  8. Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) has been recommended by WHO as the initial diagnostic test for TB and rifampicin-resistance detection. Existing evidence regarding its uptake is limited to public health systems and corre...

    Authors: Sarang Deo, Pankaj Jindal and Sirisha Papineni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:123
  9. SARS-CoV-2 virus which targets the pulmonary vasculature is supposed to induce an intrapulmonary right to left shunt with an increased pulmonary blood flow. Such vascular injury is difficult to observe because...

    Authors: Vincent Jounieaux, Damien Basille, Osama Abou-Arab, Marie-Pierre Guillaumont, Claire Andrejak, Yazine Mahjoub and Daniel Oscar Rodenstein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:122
  10. Prolonged myelosuppression following CD19-directed CAR T-cell transfusion represents an important, yet underreported, adverse event. The resulting neutropenia and multifactorial immunosuppression can facilitat...

    Authors: Kai Rejeski, Wolfgang G. Kunz, Martina Rudelius, Veit Bücklein, Viktoria Blumenberg, Christian Schmidt, Philipp Karschnia, Florian Schöberl, Konstantin Dimitriadis, Louisa von Baumgarten, Joachim Stemmler, Oliver Weigert, Martin Dreyling, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon and Marion Subklewe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:121
  11. As immunisation program launches have previously demonstrated, it is essential that careful planning occurs now to ensure the readiness of the public for a COVID-19 vaccine. As part of that process, this study...

    Authors: Holly Seale, Anita E. Heywood, Julie Leask, Meru Sheel, David N. Durrheim, Katarzyna Bolsewicz and Rajneesh Kaur
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:120
  12. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Jijia Hu, Yingang Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhihe Tao, Juan Tian, Ning Shao, Nian Liu, Hui Wei and Hao Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:119

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:88

  13. Early infant diagnosis of HIV infection is challenging in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in rural areas, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Use of a point-of-care test would overcome many challeng...

    Authors: Catherine G. Sutcliffe, Jane Mutanga, Nkumbula Moyo, Abhishek K. Agarwal, Jessica L. Schue, Mutinta Hamahuwa, Kara M. Palamountain, Mark J. Fisher, Robert Elghanian, Philip E. Thuma and William J. Moss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:118
  14. Herpes zoster (HZ) infection of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients is of clinical concern. Vaccination could help restore immunity to varicella zoster virus (VZV); however, temporal changes in ...

    Authors: June Young Chun, Kichun Kim, Min Kyeong Lee, Chang Kyung Kang, Youngil Koh, Dong-Yeop Shin, Junshik Hong, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Nam Joong Kim, Sung-Soo Yoon, Wan Beom Park, Inho Kim and Myoung-don Oh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:117
  15. The burden of cardiovascular (CV) complications in patients hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still uncertain. Available studies used different designs and different criteria to define CV ...

    Authors: Filippo Pieralli, Vieri Vannucchi, Carlo Nozzoli, Giuseppe Augello, Francesco Dentali, Giulia De Marzi, Generoso Uomo, Filippo Risaliti, Laura Morbidoni, Antonino Mazzone, Claudio Santini, Daniela Tirotta, Francesco Corradi, Riccardo Gerloni, Paola Gnerre, Gualberto Gussoni…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:116

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:195

  16. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Aline Wolfensberger, Lauren Clack, Stefanie von Felten, Katharina Kusejko, Mirjam Faes Hesse, Werner Jakob, Dirk Saleschus, Marie-Theres Meier, Roger Kouyos, Leonhard Held and Hugo Sax
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:115

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:603

  17. To investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) administration to hypertension patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induce...

    Authors: Wenjun Wang, Xiaohui Zhao, Wei Wei, Weiwang Fan, Kai Gao, Shengxiu He and Xijing Zhuang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:114
  18. The plasma concentration of patients treated with efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg was found to exceed the upper limit of the proposed therapeutic window in most Chinese HIV-infected individuals; thus, dosage reduction ...

    Authors: Ling Xu, Wenxiu Peng, Xiaojing Song, Yanling Li, Yang Han, Ting Zhu, Qiang Fu, Xiaoli Du, Wei Cao and Taisheng Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:112

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:185

  19. T cells play an important role in the prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and are involved in the seroconversion of a patient from HBsAb negative to positive. To compare the T-cell receptor β-chain...

    Authors: Dangsheng Xiao, Ju Wang, Zhitao Chen, Xiuyuan Jin, Yirui Xie, Dong Yan and Jiezuan Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:111
  20. Diarrhoea is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years old. In Kenya, it has a 21% case fatality with Enteropathogenic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.

    Authors: Ongwae H. Zachariah, Mwamburi A. Lizzy, Kakai Rose and Mutuku M. Angela
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:109
  21. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in human worldwide. The aim of study was to assess the distribution of sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) classes and capsular genoty...

    Authors: Mahnaz Sarhangi, Bita Bakhshi and Shahin Najar Peeraeyeh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:108
  22. G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several A...

    Authors: Kebareng G. Rakau, Martin M. Nyaga, Maemu P. Gededzha, Jason M. Mwenda, M. Jeffrey Mphahlele, L. Mapaseka Seheri and A. Duncan Steele
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:107
  23. Gene expression signatures have been used as biomarkers of tuberculosis (TB) risk and outcomes. Platforms are needed to simplify access to these signatures and determine their validity in the setting of comorb...

    Authors: W. Evan Johnson, Aubrey Odom, Chelsie Cintron, Mutharaj Muthaiah, Selby Knudsen, Noyal Joseph, Senbagavalli Babu, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, David F. Jenkins, Yue Zhao, Ethel Nankya, C. Robert Horsburgh, Gautam Roy, Jerrold Ellner, Sonali Sarkar, Padmini Salgame…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:106
  24. Better information on the typical course and management of acute common infections in the community could inform antibiotic stewardship campaigns. We aimed to investigate the incidence, management, and natural...

    Authors: Catherine M. Smith, Laura J. Shallcross, Peter Dutey-Magni, Anne Conolly, Christopher Fuller, Suzanne Hill, Arnoupe Jhass, Franziska Marcheselli, Susan Michie, Jennifer S. Mindell, Matthew J. Ridd, Georgios Tsakos, Andrew C. Hayward and Ellen B. Fragaszy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:105
  25. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is increasingly common in southern China and can be transmitted through blood transfusion but is not currently part of donor screening throughout the region. We assessed DENV prev...

    Authors: Ling Li, Ying Li, Shaofang Lu, Jing Dong, Haixia Xu, Qian Zhang, Rong Weng, Yundi Yin, Rui He, Peng Fang, Hua Shi, Yinghan Yu, Ji Wu, Zhong Liu and John R. Hess
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:104
  26. Scalp Eschar and Neck LymphAdenopathy after Tick bite is a zoonotic non-pathogen-specific disease most commonly due to Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii. Diagnosis is mostly based only on epidemiological...

    Authors: Giulia Barlozzari, Federico Romiti, Maurizio Zini, Adele Magliano, Claudio De Liberato, Franco Corrias, Guglielmo Capponi, Luisa Galli, Manuela Scarpulla and Carlotta Montagnani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:103
  27. In non-uremic subjects, IFNL4 rs368234815 predicts HCV clearance. We investigated whether rs368234815 is associated with spontaneous HCV clearance in haemodialysis patients and whether it is a stronger predictor ...

    Authors: Alicja E. Grzegorzewska, Adrianna Mostowska, Monika K. Świderska, Wojciech Marcinkowski, Ireneusz Stolarek, Marek Figlerowicz and Paweł P. Jagodziński
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:102
  28. Echinococcosis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease and has been a major worldwide public health problem. Although it is known that health literacy is closely related to health behaviours and health outc...

    Authors: Jie Zhao, Yangzong Dawa, Kezhong A, Dejicuo, Lengbao, Zengyue Li, Wanli Chen, Jingya Wang, Yuxin Zhang, Dengbentai, Jiwei Wang, Lizheng Shi and Qingwu Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:101
  29. The increasing use of antifungal drugs (AF) in children and the concern for related adverse events and costs has led to the development of specific AF stewardship programmes (AFS). Studies in adult patients ha...

    Authors: Natalia Mendoza-Palomar, Beatriz Garcia-Palop, Susana Melendo, Maria Teresa Martín, Berta Renedo-Miró, Pere Soler-Palacin and Aurora Fernández-Polo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:100
  30. Treatment monitoring of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in resource-limited settings is challenging. We developed a multi-analyte assay for eleven anti-TB drugs in small hair samples as an objective metric...

    Authors: John Metcalfe, Peter Bacchetti, Ali Esmail, Andrew Reckers, David Aguilar, Anita Wen, Shu Huo, Winnie R. Muyindike, Judith A. Hahn, Keertan Dheda, Monica Gandhi and Roy Gerona
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:99
  31. New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a severe threat to human life and caused a global pandemic. The current research aimed to explore whether the search-engine query patterns could serve as a pot...

    Authors: Bizhi Tu, Laifu Wei, Yaya Jia and Jun Qian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:98
  32. Inappropriate antibiotic use is linked to the spread of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, but there are limited systemic data on antibiotic utilization in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of thi...

    Authors: Helen L. Zhang, Champica Bodinayake, Gaya B. Wijayaratne, Pasangi Jayatissa, D. L. Bhagya Piyasiri, Ruvini Kurukulasooriya, Tianchen Sheng, Ajith Nagahawatte, Christopher Woods and L. Gayani Tillekeratne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:97
  33. Dengue virus infection has been an important and serious public health concern in Taiwan, where local outbreaks of dengue fever occurred almost every year. To our knowledge, no nationwide investigation has bee...

    Authors: Ying-Hsuan Lee, Yu-Chia Hsieh, Chih-Jung Chen, Tzou-Yien Lin and Yhu-Chering Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:96
  34. Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT...

    Authors: A. Calas, N. Zemali, G. Camuset, J. Jaubert, R. Manaquin, C. Saint-Pastou, Y. Koumar, P. Poubeau, P. Gerardin and A. Bertolotti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:95
  35. Group A rotavirus (RVA), despite being a leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children, is less studied in Shanxi Province, China. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence a...

    Authors: Lifeng Zhao, Xiaohong Shi, Dequan Meng, Jiane Guo, Yiping Li, Lirong Liang, Xiaofang Guo, Ran Tao, Xiaohua Zhang, Ruihong Gao, Li Gao and Jitao Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:94
  36. HIV-transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is found in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve populations infected with HIV-1 with TDR mutations and is important for guiding future first- and second-line ART regimens. ...

    Authors: Yibo Ding, Min Chen, Jibao Wang, Yuecheng Yang, Yi Feng, Lijie Wang, Song Duan, Qianru Lin, Hui Xing, Yanling Ma, Mengjie Han and Liying Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:93
  37. Echocardiography (echo) is the primary imaging modality for infective endocarditis (IE). However, the recommendations on timing and mode selection for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic e...

    Authors: Peihan Xie, Xiaodong Zhuang, Menghui Liu, Shaozhao Zhang, Jia Liu, Donghong Liu and Xinxue Liao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:92
  38. Informed decision making is underlined by all tiers in the health system. Poor data record system coupled with under- (over)-reporting of malaria cases affects the country’s malaria elimination activities. Thu...

    Authors: Eshetu Molla, Sinknesh Wolde Behaksra, Fitsum G. Tadesse, Sisay Dugassa, Endalamaw Gadisa and Hassen Mamo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:91
  39. Ending the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic requires a focus on treating individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) to prevent future cases. Promising trials of shorter regimens have shown them to be effecti...

    Authors: J. Surey, H. R. Stagg, T. A. Yates, M. Lipman, P. J. White, A. Charlett, L. Muñoz, L. Gosce, M. X. Rangaka, M. Francis, V. Hack, H. Kunst and I. Abubakar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:90
  40. There are limited data on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant patients, especially in heart transplant recipients, with only a few case reports and case series described so far. Heart...

    Authors: Vincent Tchana-Sato, Arnaud Ancion, Julien Tridetti, Natzi Sakalihasan, Marie Pierre Hayette, Olivier Detry, Philippe Delvenne, Philippe Amabili, Marc Senard, Olivier Hougrand, Delphine Szecel, Jean-Paul Lavigne, Elie Minga Lowampa, Charlotte Ponte, Isabelle Maquoi, Philippe Morimont…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:89
  41. The treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Wuhan has been reported. However, the clinical characteristics of patients who died of COVID-19 in regions with relatively scarce...

    Authors: Jijia Hu, Yingang Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhihe Tao, Juan Tian, Ning Shao, Nian Liu, Hui Wei and Hao Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:88

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:119

  42. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has collapsed health systems worldwide. In adults, the virus causes severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while in children the dis...

    Authors: Mònica Girona-Alarcon, Sara Bobillo-Perez, Anna Sole-Ribalta, Lluisa Hernandez, Carmina Guitart, Ricardo Suarez, Mònica Balaguer, Francisco-Jose Cambra and Iolanda Jordan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:87
  43. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Zeeba Zahra Sultana, Farhana Ul Hoque, Joseph Beyene, Md. Akhlak-Ul-Islam, Md Hasinur Rahman Khan, Shakil Ahmed, Delwer Hossain Hawlader and Ahmed Hossain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:86

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:51

  44. To determine the phenotype, molecular characterisation and risk factors of postoperative meningitis induced by Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) in China.

    Authors: Guanghui Zheng, Yanfei Cao, Chunhong Liu, Lingye Qian, Yumeng Cai, Miaomiao Cui, Huiting Sun, Lv Hong, Jun Yuan, Lina Zhang and Guojun Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:85
  45. Diabetes is a risk factor for infection with coronaviruses. This study describes the demographic, clinical data, and outcomes of critically ill patients with diabetes and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

    Authors: Jesna Jose, Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Awad Al-Omari, Yasser Mandourah, Fahad Al-Hameed, Musharaf Sadat, Eman Al Qasim, Basem Alraddadi, Abdulrahman Al Harthy, Ghaleb A. Al Mekhlafi, Abdullah Almotairi, Kasim Al Khatib, Ahmed Abdulmomen, Ismael Qushmaq, Anees A. Sindi, Ahmed Mady…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:84
  46. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major concern for blood safety in high-prevalence HBV countries such as China. In Shenzhen, dual hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (E...

    Authors: Xianlin Ye, Tong Li, Ran Li, Heng Liu, Junpeng Zhao and Jinfeng Zeng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:83
  47. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Raphael Awah Abong, Glory N. Amambo, Patrick W. Chounna Ndongmo, Abdel Jelil Njouendou, Manuel Ritter, Amuam Andrew Beng, Mathias Eyong Esum, Kebede Deribe, Jerome Fru-Cho, Fanny F. Fombad, Theobald Mue Nji, Peter Ivo Enyong, Catherine B. Poole, Kenneth Pfarr, Achim Hoerauf, Clotilde K. S. Carlow…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:81

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:726

  48. The lack of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and host immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection has limited the development of effective treatments. Thus, we longitudinally investigated the dynamic chang...

    Authors: Yangli Liu, Weiping Tan, Haihong Chen, Ying Zhu, Li Wan, Ke Jiang, Yubiao Guo, Kejing Tang, Canmao Xie, Hui Yi, Yukun Kuang and Yifeng Luo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:79

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