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  1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has recently shown to be one of the most important strains of bacteria and alert pathogens in Europe among Intensive Care Unit patients that provide serious therapeutic problems because of ...

    Authors: Agnieszka Litwin, Stanislaw Rojek, Waldemar Gozdzik and Wieslawa Duszynska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Perinatally chikungunya infected neonates have been reported to have high rates of post-infection neurologic sequelae, mainly cognitive problems. In older children and adults chikungunya does not appear to hav...

    Authors: Roelof van Ewijk, Minke H. W. Huibers, Meindert E. Manshande, Ginette M. Ecury-Goossen, Ashley J. Duits, Job C. Calis and Aleid G. van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Tuberculosis (TB) control relies on early diagnosis and treatment. International guidelines recommend systematic TB screening at health facilities, but implementation is challenging. We investigated completion...

    Authors: Helena R. A. Feasey, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Marriott Nliwasa, Luke Mair, Titus H. Divala, Wala Kamchedzera, Mc Ewen Khundi, Helen E. D. Burchett, Emily L. Webb, Hendramoorthy Maheswaran, S. Bertel Squire and Peter MacPherson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Positive blood cultures showing Gram positive cocci in clusters signifies either Staphylococcus aureus or the less-virulent coagulase-negative staphylococci. Rapid identification and methicillin susceptibility de...

    Authors: Kessendri Reddy and Andrew Whitelaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Epidemiological and clinical features of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were well delineated. However, no researches described the patients complicated with pleural effusion (PE). In the pr...

    Authors: Na Zhan, Yingyun Guo, Shan Tian, Binglu Huang, Xiaoli Tian, Jinjing Zou, Qiutang Xiong, Dongling Tang, Liang Zhang and Weiguo Dong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. While hypertension is the most common comorbid condition in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea, there is a lack of studies investigating risk factors in COVID-19 patients with hypertens...

    Authors: Hee-Sung Kim, Minseok Kang and Gilwon Kang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality burden worldwide. While surgical management is well defined, rifampicin (RIF) dose remains controversial. The aim of our study was...

    Authors: M. Tonnelier, A. Bouras, C. Joseph, Y. El Samad, B. Brunschweiler, J.-L. Schmit, C. Mabille and J-P Lanoix
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Blood cultures are one of the most important tests performed by microbiology laboratories. Many hospitals, particularly in low and middle-income countries, lack either microbiology services or staff to provide...

    Authors: Clare L. Ling, Tamalee Roberts, Sona Soeng, Tomas-Paul Cusack, David A. B. Dance, Sue J. Lee, Thomas A. N. Reed, Pattaraporn Hinfonthong, Somsavanh Sihalath, Amphone Sengduangphachanh, Wanitda Watthanaworawit, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Paul N. Newton, Francois H. Nosten, Paul Turner and Elizabeth A. Ashley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Swingers are members of a heterosexual couple who, as a couple, have sex with others. They constitute a hidden subpopulation that is at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to dete...

    Authors: Anne-Marie Niekamp, Laura W. L. Spauwen, Nicole H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers and Christian J. P. A. Hoebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with prolonged hospital stay and in-hospital mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess.

    Authors: Chang Hun Lee, Hoon Gil Jo, Eun Young Cho, Jae Sun Song, Gum Mo Jung, Yong Keun Cho, Seung Young Seo, Seong Hun Kim, Sang Wook Kim, Seung Ok Lee, Soo Teik Lee and In Hee Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. There are limited number of studies with controversial findings regarding the association between anemia at admission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Therefore, in this research, we aimed to ...

    Authors: Masood Faghih Dinevari, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Elham Sadeghi Majd, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi and Zeinab Nikniaz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors.

    Authors: Fabrice Carrat, Mathilde Touvier, Gianluca Severi, Laurence Meyer, Florence Jusot, Nathanael Lapidus, Delphine Rahib, Nathalie Lydié, Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Alexandra Rouquette, Xavier de Lamballerie, Marie Zins and Nathalie Bajos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis is an underreported, often misdiagnosed and mistreated parasitic disease mainly due to its low incidence. The aim of this study was to desc...

    Authors: Balázs Dezsényi, Zsolt Dubóczki, Tamás Strausz, Eszter Csulak, Veronika Czoma, Zsolt Káposztás, Mária Fehérvári, Áron Somorácz, András Csilek, Attila Oláh, Kálmán Almási, Attila Patonai, Dénes Görög, Zoltán Széll, Zoltán Tolnai, Tamás Sréter…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Characteristics of COVID-19 patients have mainly been reported within confirmed COVID-19 cohorts. By analyzing patients with respiratory infections in the emergency department during the first pandemic wave, w...

    Authors: Nicola Fink, Johannes Rueckel, Sophia Kaestle, Vincent Schwarze, Eva Gresser, Boj Hoppe, Jan Rudolph, Sophia Goller, Wolfgang G. Kunz, Jens Ricke and Bastian O. Sabel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. An unexpected dengue outbreak occurred in Hunan Province in 2018. This was the first dengue outbreak in this area of inland China, and 172 cases were reported.

    Authors: Jiaoqiong Guan, Zhanlong He, Meng Qin, Xialin Deng, Jun Chen, Suqin Duan, Xiaojun Gao, Yue Pan, Junying Chen, Yaping Yang, Shijun Feng and Qiangming Sun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) often suffer from opportunistic infections and related primary central nervous system lymphoma (AR-PCNSL). Both diseases showed multiple ring enhancemen...

    Authors: Jingjing Li, Ming Xue, Shuo Yan, Chunshuang Guan, Ruming Xie and Budong Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Although vaccination is one of the main countermeasures against influenza epidemic, it is highly essential to make informed prevention decisions to guarantee that limited vaccination resources are allocated to...

    Authors: Jianqing Qiu, Huimin Wang, Lin Hu, Changhong Yang and Tao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Many studies have been published about critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the early phases of the pandemic but the characteristic or survival of critically ill Japanese patients have not...

    Authors: Aya Banno, Toru Hifumi, Hiroshi Okamoto, Minori Masaki, Koichiro Seki, Shutaro Isokawa, Norio Otani, Kuniyoshi Hayashi and Shinichi Ishimatsu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. In June 2019, Nipah virus (NiV) infection was detected in a 21-year-old male (index case) of Ernakulum, Kerala, India. This study was undertaken to determine if NiV was in circulation in Pteropus species (spp) in...

    Authors: A. B. Sudeep, Pragya D. Yadav, Mangesh D. Gokhale, R. Balasubramanian, Nivedita Gupta, Anita Shete, Rajlaxmi Jain, Savita Patil, Rima R. Sahay, Dimpal A. Nyayanit, Sanjay Gopale, Prachi G. Pardeshi, Triparna D. Majumdar, Dilip R. Patil, A. P. Sugunan and Devendra T. Mourya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in the development of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), which reduces ART efficacy. We explored TDR prevalence and its associated risk factors i...

    Authors: Xianwu Pang, Kailing Tang, Qin He, Jinghua Huang, Ningye Fang, Xinjuan Zhou, Qiuying Zhu, Xiuling Wu, Zhiyong Shen and Shujia Liang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) is common among hospitalized patients. Though carbapenems are an effective treatment in the face of rising resistance, overuse drives carbapenem resistance (CR). We h...

    Authors: Marya D. Zilberberg, Brian H. Nathanson, Kate Sulham and Andrew F. Shorr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Increasing evidence indicate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is companied by renal dysfunction. However, the association of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced renal d...

    Authors: Hui-Xian Xiang, Jun Fei, Ying Xiang, Zheng Xu, Ling Zheng, Xiu-Yong Li, Lin Fu and Hui Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Laboratory data and computed tomography (CT) have been used during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly to determine patient prognosis and guide clinical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associat...

    Authors: Simone Canovi, Giulia Besutti, Efrem Bonelli, Valentina Iotti, Marta Ottone, Laura Albertazzi, Alessandro Zerbini, Pierpaolo Pattacini, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Rossana Colla and Tommaso Fasano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Due to the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, it is necessary to ascertain essential immune inflammatory parameters that describe the severity of the disease and provide guidance fo...

    Authors: Wu Yan, Danrong Chen, Francis Manyori Bigambo, Hongcheng Wei, Xu Wang and Yankai Xia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in serious concerns in China and abroad. To investigate clinical features of confirmed and suspected patients with COVID-19 in west China, and to examine differences betwe...

    Authors: Wen Wang, Lei Chen, Qiao He, Mingqi Wang, Mei Liu, Taibing Deng, Xiaoju Deng, Jianrong Yang, Ou Jiang, Rongmei Li, Bo Long, Gang Mai, Wenhui Huan, Wenquan Li, Xin Jiang, Zeqiang Wen…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between vancomycin (VCM) monitoring strategies and VCM effectiveness and safety.

    Authors: Moeko Tsutsuura, Hiromu Moriyama, Nana Kojima, Yuki Mizukami, Sho Tashiro, Sumika Osa, Yuki Enoki, Kazuaki Taguchi, Kazutaka Oda, Satoshi Fujii, Yoshiko Takahashi, Yukihiro Hamada, Toshimi Kimura, Yoshio Takesue and Kazuaki Matsumoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Knowledge on the etiology of LRTIs is essential for improvement of the clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment. Molecular detection methods were applied to identify a broad range of bacterial and viral patho...

    Authors: Heping Wang, Jiali Gu, Xiaonan Li, Christa E. van der Gaast-de Jongh, Wenjian Wang, Xuehui He, Zhi Xu, Yonghong Yang, Ronald de Groot, Marien I. de Jonge and Yuejie Zheng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Joint replacement is an effective intervention and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications of such surgery. Diagnosis of PJI is often complex and requires multiple modalities ...

    Authors: Michael Riste, Pretin Davda, E. Grace Smith, David H. Wyllie, Martin Dedicoat, Simantini Jog, Steven Laird, Gerald Langman, Neil Jenkins, Jonathan Stevenson and Matthew K. O’Shea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:151
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. In people living with HIV (PLWH), statins may be disproportionately effective but remain underutilized. A large prospective trial in patients with low to moderate cardiovascular (ASCVD) risk will reveal whethe...

    Authors: Henning Drechsler, Colby Ayers, James Cutrell, Reuben Arasaratnam and Roger Bedimo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic infectious disease of public concern in Nigeria. The infection dynamics of the disease is not well elucidated in Nigeria. This study was carried out to describe the pattern of in...

    Authors: Clement Ameh Yaro, Ezekiel Kogi, Kenneth Nnamdi Opara, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Roua S. Baty, Ashraf Albrakati, Farag M. A. Altalbawy, Innocent Utenwojo Etuh and James Paul Oni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. One-fifth of COVID-19 patients are seriously and critically ill cases and have a worse prognosis than non-severe cases. Although there is no specific treatment available for COVID-19, early recognition and sup...

    Authors: Hazal Cansu Acar, Günay Can, Rıdvan Karaali, Şermin Börekçi, İlker İnanç Balkan, Bilun Gemicioğlu, Dildar Konukoğlu, Ethem Erginöz, Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan and Fehmi Tabak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has spread worldwide. The present study aimed to characterize the clinical features and outcomes of imported COVID-19 patients with high body mass index (BMI) and the indepen...

    Authors: Huan Cai, Lisha Yang, Yingfeng Lu, Shanyan Zhang, Chanyuan Ye, Xiaoli Zhang, Guodong Yu, Jueqing Gu, Jiangshan Lian, Shaorui Hao, Jianhua Hu, Yimin Zhang, Ciliang Jin, Jifang Sheng, Yida Yang and Hongyu Jia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In December 2019, a pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China and has rapidly spread around the world since then. This study is to explore the patient characteristics and transmission chains of CO...

    Authors: Xuanchen Yan, Jianjian Wang, Jingwen Yao, Janne Estill, Shouyuan Wu, Jie Lu, Baoping Liang, Hongmin Li, Shengxin Tao, Huanli Bai, Hongliang Liu and Yaolong Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. More than hundreds and thousands of migrants and seasonal farm workers move from the highlands (relatively low malaria endemicity areas) to the lowlands (higher malaria endemicity areas) for the development of...

    Authors: Getu Debalkie Demissie, Tadesse Awoke Ayele, Sintayehu Daba Wami, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Destaw Fetene, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu and Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been established as a leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) in infants and children. In 2015, the global disease burden (GBD) study estimated that th...

    Authors: Henshaw Mandi, Bekolo Cavin Epie, Agnes Eyoh, Sindhiya Jan, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Ralf Clemens and Solomon Yimer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Large outbreaks of Lassa fever (LF) occur annually in Nigeria. The case fatality rate among hospitalised cases is ~ 20%. The antiviral drug ribavirin along with supportive care and rehydration are the recommen...

    Authors: Nastassya L. Chandra, Hikaru Bolt, Chioma Dan-Nwafor, Oladipupo Ipadeola, Elsie Ilori, Geoffrey Namara, Adebola T. Olayinka, Winifred Ukponu, Akanimo Iniobong, Michael Amedu, Adejoke Akano, Kachikwulu O. Akabike, Uwaifiokun Okhuarobo, Stephen Fagbemi, Emeka Sampson, Sophie Newitt…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have continually grown as a global public health threat, with significant mortality rates observed across the world. We examined the clinical ...

    Authors: Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Elita Jauneikaite, Lauren M. Brinkac, Chris Greco, Kanokorn Lerdlamyong, Teerawit Tangkoskul, Kevin Nguyen, Visanu Thamlikitkul and Derrick E. Fouts
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The impact of COVID-19 has been devastating on a global scale. The negative conversion time (NCT) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is closely related to clinical manifestation and disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Ou...

    Authors: Ya Yang, Xiaogang Hu, Lirong Xiong, Peishu Fu, Wei Feng, Wei Li, Liwen Zhang and Fengjun Sun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to constitute an international public health concern. Few data are available on the duration and prognostic factors of the disease. We aimed to study th...

    Authors: Chahida Harizi, Ines Cherif, Nourhene Najar, Molka Osman, Rym Mallekh, Oumaima Ben Ayed, Yosr Ayedi, Sonia Dhaouadi, Aicha Hchaichi, Mouna Safer, Hejer Letaief, Ilhem Bouaziz, Sondes Derouiche, Donia Gharbi, Leila Bouabid, Souha Bougatef…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Severity of TB increases in refugee populations. Monitoring TB case notification and treatment outcomes are essential to improve the effectiveness of TB programs. This study aimed to investigate trends in TB c...

    Authors: Tsegay Legesse, Goitom Admenur, Selemawit Gebregzabher, Eyob Woldegebriel, Bexabeh Fantahun, Yemane Tsegay, Abeyot Bayssa, Berihu Darge, Yidnekachew Denbu, Hayelom Michalel, Kibebew Abera, Abraham Alemayeh, Dejene Kebede and Desta Kasa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Health workers are crucial to the successful implementation of infection prevention and control strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at healthcare facilities. The aim of our study was to determin...

    Authors: Saiendhra Vasudevan Moodley, Muzimkhulu Zungu, Molebogeng Malotle, Kuku Voyi, Nico Claassen, Jonathan Ramodike, Nkululeko Thunzi and Nosimilo Mlangeni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The use of complement inhibition is well established for complement mediated thrombotic microangiopathy, but its role in secondary forms of thrombotic microangiopathy is debated. We here present a case of thro...

    Authors: Magnus Holter Bjørkto, Andreas Barratt-Due, Ingvild Nordøy, Christina Dörje, Eivind Galteland, Andreas Lind, Abdulkarim Hilli, Pål Aukrust and Geir Mjøen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:137
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. Chronic pain in HIV-infected patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) limits patients’ normal functioning both somatically and psychologically. The current state of knowledge on the topic is insuffic...

    Authors: Marcin Kowalski, Andrzej Horban, Bartosz Slomka, Karen Shahnazaryan and Witold Rongies
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndrome commonly encountered in practice, particularly among infants and young children. To investigate the prevalence of pathogens in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and ...

    Authors: Jiahong Tan, Jinfeng Wu, Wujun Jiang, Li Huang, Wei Ji, Yongdong Yan, Meijuan Wang and Xuejun Shao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly spread to Italy, including Pesaro-Urbino province. Data on young to middle age adults with COVID-19 are lacking. We report the characteristics, management and health-relate...

    Authors: Chiara Temperoni, Stefania Grieco, Zeno Pasquini, Benedetta Canovari, Antonio Polenta, Umberto Gnudi, Roberto Montalti and Francesco Barchiesi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. While our knowledge about COVID-19 in adults has rapidly increased, data on the course of disease and outcome in children with different comorbidities is still limited.

    Authors: Jonathan Remppis, Tina Ganzenmueller, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Oliver Heinzel, Rupert Handgretinger and Hanna Renk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Blood transfusion is one of the routine therapeutic interventions in hospitals that can be lifesaving. However, this intervention is related to several transfusion-related infections. Hepatitis C viral infecti...

    Authors: Eyasu Alem Lake, Robera Olana Fite, Lielt Gebreselassie Gebrekirstos, Meron Hadis Gebremedhin, Mohammed Suleiman Obsa and Kelemu Abebe Gelaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian Health Services.

    Authors: Ewelina Gowin, Jerzy Kuzma and Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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