Kern P, Bardonnet K, Renner E, Auer H, Pawlowski Z, Ammann RW, et al. European echinococcosis registry: human alveolar echinococcosis, Europe, 1982-2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:343–9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0903.020341.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Oksanen A, Siles-Lucas M, Karamon J, Possenti A, Conraths FJ, Romig T, et al. The geographical distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in animals in the European Union and adjacent countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:519. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1746-4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Casulli A, Barth TFE, Tamarozzi F. Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends Parasitol. 2019;35:738–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2019.05.005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conraths FJ, Probst C, Possenti A, Boufana B, Saulle R, La Torre G, Busani L, Casulli A. Potential risk factors associated with human alveolar echinococcosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(7):e0005801. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005801.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Torgerson PR, Robertson LJ, Enemark HL, Foehr J, van der Giessen JWB, Kapel CMO, Klun I, Trevisan C. Source attribution of human echinococcosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(6):e0008382.
Article
Google Scholar
Tamarozzi F, Deplazes P, Casulli A. Reinventing the wheel of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato transmission to humans. Trends Parasitol. 2020;36(5):427–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2020.02.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA. Writing panel for the WHO IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop. 2009;114:10–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.11.001.
Article
Google Scholar
Kratzer W, Gruener B, Kaltenbach TE, Ansari-Bitzenberger S, Kern P, Fuchs M, Mason RA, Barth TF, Haenle MM, Hillenbrand A, Oeztuerk S, Graeter T. Proposal of an ultrasonographic classification for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: Echinococcosis multilocularis Ulm classification-ultrasound. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(43):12392–402. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12392.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, Bartholomot B, Heyd B, Godart D, Meyer JP, Hrusovsky S, Becker MC, Mantion G, Lenys D, Miguet JP. A twenty year history of alveolar echinococcosis: analysis of a series of 117 patients from eastern France. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;12:327–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200012030-00011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bresson-Hadni S, Delabrousse E, Blagosklonov O, Bartholomot B, Koch S, Miguet JP, Mantion GA, Vuitton DA. Imaging aspects and non-surgical interventional treatment in human alveolar echinococcosis. Parasitol Int. 2006;55(Suppl):S267–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.053.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reuter S, Nüssle K, Kolokythas O, Haug U, Rieber A, Kern P, Kratzer W. Alveolar liver echinococcosis: a comparative study of three imaging techniques. Infection. 2001;29(3):119–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-001-1081-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kodama Y, Fujita N, Shimizu T, Endo H, Nambu T, Sato N, Todo S, Miyasaka K. Alveolar echinococcosis: MR findings in the liver. Radiology. 2003;228(1):172–7. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2281020323.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graeter T, Kratzer W, Oeztuerk S, Haenle MM, Mason RA, Hillenbrand A, Kull T, Barth TF, Kern P, Gruener B. Proposal of a computed tomography classification for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(13):3621–31. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3621.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kantarci M, Bayraktutan U, Karabulut N, Aydinli B, Ogul H, Yuce I, Calik M, Eren S, Atamanalp SS, Oto A. Alveolar echinococcosis: spectrum of findings at cross-sectional imaging. Radiographics. 2012;32(7):2053–70. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.327125708.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bulakçı M, Kartal MG, Yılmaz S, Yılmaz E, Yılmaz R, Şahin D, Aşık M, Erol OB. Multimodality imaging in diagnosis and management of alveolar echinococcosis: an update. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2016;22(3):247–56. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2015.15456.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tamarozzi F, Horton J, Muhtarov M, Ramharter M, Siles-Lucas M, Gruener B, Vuitton DA, Bresson-Hadni S, Manciulli T, Brunetti E. A case for adoption of continuous albendazole treatment regimen for human echinococcal infections. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(9):e0008566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008566 PMID: 32941434; PMCID: PMC7498015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Siles-Lucas M, Casulli A, Cirilli R, Carmena D. Progress in the pharmacological treatment of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: Compounds and therapeutic targets. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(4):e0006422. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006422 PMID: 29677189; PMCID: PMC5931691.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kern P. Clinical features and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010;23(5):505–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833d7516.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kern P, Wen H, Sato N, Vuitton DA, Gruener B, Shao Y, et al. WHO classification of alveolar echinococcosis: principles and application. Parasitol Int. 2006;55(S):283–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.041.
Article
Google Scholar
Koch S, Bresson-Hadni S, Miguet JP, Crumbach JP, Gillet M, Mantion GA, Heyd B, Vuitton DA, Minello A, Kurtz S. European collaborating clinicians. Experience of liver transplantation for incurable alveolar echinococcosis: a 45-case European collaborative report. Transplantation. 2003;75(6):856–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TP.0000054230.63568.79.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liance M, Janin V, Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, Houin R, Piarroux R. Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections: confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a new commercial Western blot. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(10):3718–21. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.10.3718-3721.2000.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dezsényi B, Strausz T, Makrai Z, Csomor J, Danka J, Kern P, et al. Autochthonous human alveolar echinococcosis in a Hungarian patient. Infection. 2017;45:107–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-016-0918-7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barth TFE, Herrmann TS, Tappe D, Stark L, Grüner B, Buttenschoen K. Sensitive and specific immunohistochemical diagnosis of human alveolar echinococcosis with the monoclonal antibody Em2G11. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1877. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001877.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eckert J, Deplazes P. Alveolar echinococcosis in humans: the current situation in Central Europe and the need for countermeasures. Parasitol Today. 1999;15(8):315–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01476-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schweiger A, Ammann RW, Candinas D, Clavien PA, Eckert J, Gottstein B, et al. Human alveolar echinococcosis after fox population increase, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:878–82. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1306.061074.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Torgerson PR, Schweiger A, Deplazes P, Pohar M, Reichen J, Ammann RW, Tarr PE, Halkic N, Müllhaupt B. Alveolar echinococcosis: from a deadly disease to a well-controlled infection. Relative survival and economic analysis in Switzerland over the last 35 years. J Hepatol. 2008;49(1):72–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2008.03.023.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Piarroux M, Piarroux R, Giorgi R, Knapp J, Bardonnet K, Sudre B, Watelet J, Dumortier J, Gérard A, Beytout J, Abergel A, Mantion G, Vuitton DA, Bresson-Hadni S. Clinical features and evolution of alveolar echinococcosis in France from 1982 to 2007: results of a survey in 387 patients. J Hepatol. 2011;55(5):1025–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.018.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grüner B, Kern P, Mayer B, Gräter T, Hillenbrand A, TEF B, Muche R, Henne-Bruns D, Kratzer W, Kern P. Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: A single-center, long-term observational study of 312 patients in Germany. GMS Infect Dis. 2017;5:Doc01. https://doi.org/10.3205/id000027.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Baumann S, Shi R, Liu W, Bao H, Schmidberger J, Kratzer W, Li W, the Interdisciplinary Echinococcosis Working Group Ulm. Worldwide literature on epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis: a systematic review of research published in the twenty-first century. Infection. 2019;47:703–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-019-01325-2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vuitton DA, Demonmerot F, Knapp J, Richou C, Grenouillet F, Chauchet A, Vuitton L, Bresson-Hadni S, Millon L. Clinical epidemiology of human AE in Europe. Vet Parasitol. 2015;213(3–4):110–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.036.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Alvarez Rojas CA, Torgerson PR, Harandi MF, Romig T, Antolova D, Schurer JM, Lahmar S, Cringoli G, Magambo J, Thompson RC, Jenkins EJ. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic Echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol. 2017;95:315–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Panaitescu D, Pop M. Alveococoza la om. [Alveococcosis in man]. Rev Rom Parazitol. 1999;9(2):55 [In Romanian].
Google Scholar
Sikó SB, Deplazes P, Ceica C, Tivadar CS, Bogolin I, Popescu S, Cozma V. Echinococcus multilocularis in South-Eastern Europe (Romania). Parasitol Res. 2011;108(5):1093–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2150-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Antolova D, Miterpakova M, Radoňak J, Hudačkova D, Szilagyiova M, Začek M. Alveolar echinococcosis in a highly endemic area of northern Slovakia between 2000 and 2013. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(34):20882. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.34.20882.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Logar J, Soba B, Lejko-Zupanc T, Kotar T. Human alveolar echinococcosis in Slovenia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13(5):544–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01701.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dušek D, Vince A, Kurelac I, Papić N, Višković K, Deplazes P, Beck R. Human Alveolar Echinococcosis. Croatia Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(2):364–6. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2602.181826.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sréter T, Széll Z, Zs E, Varga I. Echinococcus multilocularis: an emerging pathogen in Hungary and Central Eastern Europe? Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:384–6. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0903.020320.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Casulli A, Széll Z, Pozio E, Sréter T. Spatial distribution and genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in Hungary. Vet Parasitol. 2010;174:241–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.023.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tolnai Z, Széll Z, Sréter T. Environmental determinants of the spatial distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in Hungary. Vet Parasitol. 2013;198:292–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.09.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Viel JF, Giraudoux P, Abrial V, Bresson-Hadni S. Water vole (Arvicola terrestris scherman) density as risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61(4):559–65. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.559.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Denzin N, Schliephake A, Fröhlich A, Ziller M, Conraths FJ. On the move? Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes of Saxony-Anhalt (Germany). Transbound Emerg Dis. 2014;61(3):239–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12026.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fischer I, Graeter T, Kratzer W, Stark K, Schlingeloff P, Schmidberger J. Echinococcosis working group Ulm. Distribution of alveolar echinococcosis according to environmental and geographical factors in Germany, 1992-2018. Acta Trop. 2020;212:105654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105654.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chauchet A, Grenouillet F, Knapp J, Richou C, Delabrousse E, Dentan C, Millon L, Di Martino V, Contreras R, Deconinck E, Blagosklonov O, Vuitton DA, Bresson-Hadni S. FrancEchino network. Increased incidence and characteristics of alveolar echinococcosis in patients with immunosuppression-associated conditions. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(8):1095–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu520.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burlet P, Deplazes P, Hegglin D. Age, season and spatio-temporal factors affecting the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia taeniaeformis in Arvicola terrestris. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Szemethy L, Heltai M, Zs B. Effect of oral immunization against rabies on the red fox population in Hungary. Rabies Bull Eur. 1999;23:12.
Google Scholar
Deplazes P, Hegglin D, Gloor S, Romig T. Wilderness in the city: urbanization of Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends Parasitol. 2004;20:77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2003.11.011.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Széll Z, Marucci G, Pozio E, Sréter T. Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spiralis in golden jackals (Canis aureus) of Hungary. Vet Parasitol. 2013;197:393–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.032.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balog T, Nagy G, Halász T, Csányi E, Zomborszky Z, Csivincsik Á. The occurrence of Echinococcus spp. in golden jackal (Canis aureus) in southwestern Hungary: Should we need to rethink its expansion? Parasitol Int. 2020;80:102214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2020.102214.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dán Á, Rónai Z, Széll Z, Sréter T. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Echinococcus spp. in cattle, sheep and swine in Hungary. Parasitol Res. 2018;117:3019–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5977-5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dezsényi B, Somorácz Á, Danka J, Kucsera I, Barth TFE, Casulli A. Human cystic echinococcosis in Hungary (2000-2014): a retrospective case series analysis from a single-center study. Infection. 2018;46:477–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-018-1146-0.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horváth A, Patonai A, Bánhegyi D, Szlávik J, Balázs GY, Görög D, et al. A humán Echinococcus multilocularis infectio első hazai esete. Orv Hetil. 2008;149:795–9 [In Hungarian].
Article
Google Scholar
Reuter S, Schirrmeister H, Kratzer W, Dreweck C, Reske SN, Kern P. Pericystic metabolic activity in alveolar echinococcosis: assessment and follow-up by positron emission tomography. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(5):1157–63. https://doi.org/10.1086/313438.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reuter S, Buck A, Manfras B, Kratzer W, Seitz HM, Darge K, Reske SN, Kern P. Structured treatment interruption in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. Hepatology. 2004;39(2):509–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20078.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ammann RW, Stumpe KD, Grimm F, Deplazes P, Huber S, Bertogg K, Fischer DR, Müllhaupt B. Outcome after discontinuing long-term Benzimidazole treatment in 11 patients with non-resectable alveolar Echinococcosis with negative FDG-PET/CT and anti-EmII/3-10 serology. Plos Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(9):e0003964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003964.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Graeter T, Bao H, Delabrousse E, Brumpt E, Shi R, Li W, Jiang Y, Schmidberger J, Kratzer W, Liu W, XUUB consortium. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: Comparative computed tomography study between two Chinese and two European centres. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2020;19:e00082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00082.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mueller J, Stojkovic M, Berger AK, Rosenberger KD, Schlett CL, Kauczor HU, Junghanss T, Weber TF. How to not miss alveolar echinococcosis in hepatic lesions suspicious for cholangiocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2016;41(2):221–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0561-2.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Stojkovic M, Mickan C, Weber TF, Junghanss T. Pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: a sentinel case series. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2015;2(1):e000036. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000036.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Buttenschoen K, Gruener B, Carli Buttenschoen D, Reuter S, Henne-Bruns D, Kern P. Palliative operation for the treatment of alveolar echinococcosis. Langenbeck's Arch Surg. 2009;394(1):199–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-008-0367-6.
Article
Google Scholar
Hillenbrand A, Gruener B, Kratzer W, Kern P, Graeter T, Barth TF, Buttenschoen K, Henne-Bruns D. Impact of safe distance on long-term outcome after surgical therapy of alveolar Echinococcosis. World J Surg. 2017;41(4):1012–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-016-3813-6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, McMahon BJ, Schantz PM. Parasiticidal effect of chemotherapy in alveolar hydatid disease: review of experience with mebendazole and albendazole in Alaskan Eskimos. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15(2):234–49. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/15.2.234.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frei P, Misselwitz B, Prakash MK, Schoepfer AM, Prinz Vavricka BM, Müllhaupt B, Fried M, Lehmann K, Ammann RW, Vavricka SR. Late biliary complications in human alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high mortality. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(19):5881–8. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5881.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Graeter T, Ehing F, Oeztuerk S, Mason RA, Haenle MM, Kratzer W, Seufferlein T, Gruener B. Hepatobiliary complications of alveolar echinococcosis: a long-term follow-up study. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(16):4925–32. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i16.4925.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ambregna S, Koch S, Sulz MC, Grüner B, Öztürk S, Chevaux JB, Sulima M, de Gottardi A, Napoléon B, Abergel A, Bichard P, Boytchev I, Deprez P, Dumortier J, Frossard JL, Kull E, Meny B, Moradpour D, Prat F, Vanbiervliet G, Thevenot T, Vuitton DA, Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton L. A European survey of perendoscopic treatment of biliary complications in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2017;15(1):79–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2017.1252260.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reinehr M, Micheloud C, Grimm F, Kronenberg PA, Grimm J, Beck A, Nell J, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen C, Furrer E, Müllhaupt B, Barth TFE, Deplazes P, Weber A. Pathology of Echinococcosis: a morphologic and Immunohistochemical study on 138 specimens with focus on the differential diagnosis between cystic and alveolar Echinococcosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2020;44(1):43–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000001374 PMID: 31567204.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Piarroux M, Gaudart J, Bresson-Hadni S, Bardonnet K, Faucher B, Grenouillet F, Knapp J, Dumortier J, Watelet J, Gerard A, Beytout J, Abergel A, Wallon M, Vuitton DA, Piarroux R. FrancEchino network. Landscape and climatic characteristics associated with human alveolar echinococcosis in France, 1982 to 2007. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(18):21118. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.18.21118.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar