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  1. We report the first case of COVID-19 associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) without pulmonary disease in a patient with an extremely high interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and Ran Binding Protein 2 (RANBP2) m...

    Authors: Thanakit Pongpitakmetha, Pasin Hemachudha, Wanakorn Rattanawong, Poosanu Thanapornsangsuth, Anand Viswanathan and Thiravat Hemachudha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:640
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  2. The role of ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19 is still under debate, yet the drug has been widely used in some parts of the world, as shown by impressive market data. The available body of evidence may h...

    Authors: Milena Soriano Marcolino, Karina Cardoso Meira, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães, Paula Perdigão Motta, Victor Schulthais Chagas, Silvana Márcia Bruschi Kelles, Laura Caetano de Sá, Reginaldo Aparecido Valacio and Patrícia Klarmann Ziegelmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:639
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Recurrence continues to place significant burden on patients and tuberculosis programmes worldwide, and previous studies have rarely provided analysis in negative recurrence cases. We characterized the epidemi...

    Authors: Hui Jiang, Jinfeng Yin, Fangchao Liu, Yuxia Yao, Chao Cai, Jiying Xu, Lijun Zheng, Chendi Zhu, Junnan Jia, Xu Gao, Wangli Xu, Weimin Li and Guolong Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:638
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Airspace disease as seen on chest X-rays is an important point in triage for patients initially presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study is to evaluat...

    Authors: Jordan H. Chamberlin, Gilberto Aquino, Sophia Nance, Andrew Wortham, Nathan Leaphart, Namrata Paladugu, Sean Brady, Henry Baird, Matthew Fiegel, Logan Fitzpatrick, Madison Kocher, Florin Ghesu, Awais Mansoor, Philipp Hoelzer, Mathis Zimmermann, W. Ennis James…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:637
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the association between C-reactive protein-to-platelet ratio (CPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLPR) and fibrinogen-to-platelet ratio (FPR) and th...

    Authors: Shixiao Li, Sufei Yu, Jiajia Qin, Minfei Peng, Jiao Qian and Peng Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:636
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was first described in 2001. It is an emerging pathogen that mainly affects immunocompromised patients. A brain abscess caused by N. cyriacigeorgica has been reported only in immunocom...

    Authors: Segev Gabay, Michal Yakubovsky, Ronen Ben-Ami and Rachel Grossman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:635
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in combination with other antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has been in clinical use for HIV treatment since its approval in 2001. Although the effectiveness of TDF in preventing p...

    Authors: Kristin Baltrusaitis, Bonus Makanani, Camlin Tierney, Mary Glenn Fowler, Dhayendre Moodley, Gerhard Theron, Lynette H. Nyakudya, Musunga Tomu, Lee Fairlie, Kathleen George, Barbara Heckman, Kevin Knowles, Renee Browning, George K. Siberry, Taha E. Taha and Lynda Stranix-Chibanda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:634
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019 sounded the alarm for early inspection on acute respiratory infection (ARI). However, diagnosis pathway of ARI has still not reached a consensus and its impact on ...

    Authors: Guanmin Yuan, Hongyu Wang, Yuanhan Zhao, Enqiang Mao, Mengjiao Li, Ruilan Wang, Fangqing Zhou, Shanshan Jin, Ziqiang Zhang, Ke Xu, Jinfu Xu, Shuo Liang, Xiang Li, Lijing Jiang, Lu Zhang, Jieyu Song…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:632
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is one of the most frequent bloodstream infections. High mortality of SAB can be significantly reduced by regular infectious disease (ID) consultations and appropriate clini...

    Authors: Simona Arientová, Zdeněk Jícha, Ondřej Beran and Michal Holub
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:631
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Sepsis is still a major public health concern and a medical emergency due to its high morbidity and mortality. Accurate and timely etiology diagnosis is crucial for sepsis management. As an emerging rapid and ...

    Authors: Yuanhan Zhao, Ke Lin, Haocheng Zhang, Guanmin Yuan, Yanliang Zhang, Jingye Pan, Liang Hong, Yan Huang, Ying Ye, Lisu Huang, Xiaohua Chen, Jun Liu, Xiang Li, Xiaoju He, Qiaoyan Yue, Hong Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:630
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  12. Sepsis still threatens the lives of more than 300 million patients annually and elderly patients with sepsis usually have a more complicated condition and a worse prognosis. Existing studies have shown that bo...

    Authors: Zichen Wang, Luming Zhang, Shaojin Li, Fengshuo Xu, Didi Han, Hao Wang, Tao Huang, Haiyan Yin and Jun Lyu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:629
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Mycobacterium africanum is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and is endemic in West Africa, where it causes up to half of all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we report the first is...

    Authors: Paula Mascarell, Alba de la Rica, Sergio Padilla, Montserrat Ruiz-García, José López-Escudero, Javier García-Abellán, Ángela Botella, Mar Masiá and Félix Gutiérrez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:628
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. Meningitis is considered a life-threatening infection with high mortality all over the world. Hemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) are regarded as the two most common...

    Authors: Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Ahmadreza Shamshiri, Leila Azimi, Ali Nazari-Alam, Abdollah Karimi, Seyed Alireza Mirjavadi and Marjan Tariverdi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:625
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Globally, hearing loss is the second leading cause of disability, affecting approximately 18.7% of the world’s population. However, the burden of hearing loss is unequally distributed, with the majority of aff...

    Authors: Samuel C. Ficenec, Donald S. Grant, Ibrahim Sumah, Foday Alhasan, Mohamed S. Yillah, Jenneh Brima, Edwin Konuwa, Michael A. Gbakie, Fatima K. Kamara, Nell G. Bond, Emily J. Engel, Jeffrey G. Shaffer, William A. Fischer, David A. Wohl, Susan D. Emmett and John S. Schieffelin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:624
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Pericardial disease can be a manifestation of infection and imaging can have a role in its diagnosis. coccidioidomycosis endemic fungal infection has been more frequently reported over the past few decades. Ot...

    Authors: Mohammad H. Madani, Ahmadreza Ghasemiesfe, Yasser G. Abdelhafez and Lorenzo Nardo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:623
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of treatment in critically ill patients. A differential time to positivity (DTP) of 120 min or more be...

    Authors: Phitphiboon Deawtrakulchai, Surampa Cheawchanwattana, Wantin Sribenjalux and Atibordee Meesing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:622
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Clostridiodies difficile infection (CDI) has been characterized by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an urgent public health threat and a major concern in hospital, outpatient and extended-c...

    Authors: Bruce E. Hirsch, Myia S. Williams, Dimitre G. Stefanov, Martin L. Lesser, Karalyn Pappas, Thomas Iglio, Craig Gordon and Renee Pekmezaris
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:620
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. The effectiveness of a surveillance system to detect infections in the population is paramount when confirming elimination. Estimating the sensitivity of a surveillance system requires identifying key steps in...

    Authors: Riris Andono Ahmad, Luca Nelli, Henry Surendra, Risalia Reni Arisanti, Dyah Ayu Shinta Lesmanawati, Isabel Byrne, Elin Dumont, Chris Drakeley, Gillian Stresman and Lindsey Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:619
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Unlike SARS-CoV and MERS-C0V, SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to become a recurrent seasonal infection; hence, it is essential to compare the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 to the existent endemic coronaviruses. ...

    Authors: Guillermo Rodriguez-Nava, Goar Egoryan, Tianyu Dong, Qishuo Zhang, Elise Hyser, Bidhya Poudel, Maria Adriana Yanez-Bello, Daniela Patricia Trelles-Garcia, Chul Won Chung, Bimatshu Pyakuryal, Taraz Imani-Ramos, Valeria Patricia Trelles-Garcia, Daniel Sebastian Bustamante-Soliz and Jonathan J. Stake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:618
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2024 24:84

  24. Liposuction has become one of the most popular cosmetic surgeries in China. However, few studies have discussed infectious shock caused by C. perfringens as one of the causes of death after liposuction.

    Authors: Jinqiang Lu, Xiao Jiang, Hongyin Huang, Lingzhi Tang, Xinhui Zou, Haoran Mao and Hongwei Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:617
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. The early clinical diagnosis of spinal infections in elderly patients with recessive or atypical symptoms is difficult. Klebsiella aerogenes is a common opportunistic bacterium that can infect the respiratory tra...

    Authors: Huajie Gu, Qingqing Cai, Xiaoyong Dai, Huanhuan Wang, Wenying Xu, Xuejie Cao and Youwen Ye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:616
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  26. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is accompanied by activated immune-inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, which both induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key enzyme of the tryptophan (TRP) cata...

    Authors: Abbas F. Almulla, Thitiporn Supasitthumrong, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Ali Abbas Abo Algon, Hussein K. Al-Hakeim and Michael Maes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:615
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. A high baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV) load has always been listed as an exclusion criterion for programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor-associated therapy in clinical trials, as the interaction between HBV ...

    Authors: Xiaoyun Hu, Rong Li, Qi Li, Mengya Zang, Guosheng Yuan and Jinzhang Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:614
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Campylobacter rectus is a gram-negative rod, and Parvimonas micra is a gram-positive coccus, both of which are oral anaerobes that cause chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis can cause bacteremia and syst...

    Authors: Naoya Itoh, Nana Akazawa, Yuichi Ishibana, Shunsuke Hamada, Sumitaka Hagiwara and Hiromi Murakami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:613
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant/Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB; resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin/Isolated resistance to Rifampicin) is putting in jeopardy the WHO End TB strategy....

    Authors: Ilia Bykov, Olga Dyachenko, Pavel Ratmanov, Huan Liu, Libo Liang and Qunhong Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:612
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Recent studies demonstrated that failure of achieving pharmacodynamic targets of commonly used antibiotics is common in critically ill patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can contribute to optimize the...

    Authors: Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Alan Abdulla, Puck van den Broek, Nicole Hunfeld, Soma Bahmany, Anouk E. Muller, Diederik Gommers, Suzanne Polinder, Henrik Endeman, Inge Spronk and Birgit C. P. Koch
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:611
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Assessing immune responses after vaccination is part of the evaluation package of vaccine effectiveness in the real world. Regarding SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody levels has been shown to be a good indicat...

    Authors: Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou, Jean Claude Djontu, Jeannhey Christevy Vouvoungui, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou Mapanguy, Line Lobaloba Ingoba, Jiré Séphora Mougany, Kamal Rauchelvy Boumpoutou, Steve Diafouka-kietela, Raoul Ampa and Francine Ntoumi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:610
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected parasitic zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). This study aimed to understand the clinical characteristics...

    Authors: Jia Tao, Xiancai Du, Kejun Liu, Chan Wang, Yongxue Lv, Minglei Wang, Zhiqi Yang, Jihui Yang, Shasha Li, Changyou Wu, Minghao Li and Wei Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:609
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children but epidemiological data are scarce, particularly for hard-to-reach populations. We aimed to identify the risk factors for unsuccessf...

    Authors: Amy Carroll, Banyar Maung Maung, Win Pa Pa Htun, Wanitda Watthanaworawit, Michele Vincenti-Delmas, Colette Smith, Pam Sonnenberg and Francois Nosten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:608
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the commonest bacterial causes of sexually transmitted infections in humans with high incidence of co-infection. Treatment with high doses of ceftriax...

    Authors: Phuong Thi Thu Nguyen, Ha Viet Pham, Dung Hoang Van, Linh Van Pham, Hoi Thanh Nguyen and Hung Van Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:607
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Statins and aspirin have been proposed for treatment of COVID-19 because of their anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties. Several observational studies have shown favourable results. There is a need ...

    Authors: Nirmal Ghati, Sushma Bhatnagar, Manjit Mahendran, Abhishek Thakur, Kshitij Prasad, Devesh Kumar, Tanima Dwivedi, Kalaivani Mani, Pawan Tiwari, Ritu Gupta, Anant Mohan, Anita Saxena, Randeep Guleria and Siddharthan Deepti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:606
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. A central venous catheter (CVC) is an important medical device, but it could be preceding infection and the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). CLABSI is a common healthcare-associa...

    Authors: Sohyun Bae, Yoonjung Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Sungjin Kim, Hyun-Ji Kim, Hyeyoung Jeon, Juhee Cho, Juyoung Lee, Hwajin Chae, Gyeongmin Han and Shin-Woo Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:604
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been divided into two major categories: classical K. pneumoniae, which are frequently multidrug-resistant and cause hospital-acquired infections in patients with impaired defens...

    Authors: Travis J. Kochan, Sophia H. Nozick, Rachel L. Medernach, Bettina H. Cheung, Samuel W. M. Gatesy, Marine Lebrun-Corbin, Sumitra D. Mitra, Natalia Khalatyan, Fiorella Krapp, Chao Qi, Egon A. Ozer and Alan R. Hauser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:603
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Sichuan province is one of the highest AIDS epidemic provinces in China, with a large number of floating population. The annual number of cases of HIV/AIDS reported in Sichuan has been the highest province in ...

    Authors: Chang Zhou, Shu Liang, Yiping Li, Yan Zhang, Ling Li, Li Ye, Dan Yuan and Ling Su
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:602
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more frequent among incarcerated people than in general population. In the DAAs era, the short schedules and the low risk of adverse reactions, increased the number of HCV ...

    Authors: Vito Fiore, Elena Rastrelli, Giordano Madeddu, Roberto Ranieri, Andrea De Vito, Ruggero Giuliani, Giulio Di Mizio, Matteo Bolcato, Giuseppe De Matteis, Anna Maria Ialungo, Serena Dell’Isola, Giulio Starnini and Sergio Babudieri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:601
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Very few studies have compared the effects and side effects of vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safet...

    Authors: Jang Ho Lee, Myeong Geun Choi, Hyung Jun Park, Ho Cheol Kim and Chang-Min Choi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:600
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. There is a four-fold risk for hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers compared to the general population. Due to limited access to diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B in many resource-constrained set...

    Authors: Precious Adade Duodu, Ernest Darkwah, Pascal Agbadi, Henry Ofori Duah and Jerry John Nutor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:599
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. In children in the ICU, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) have also been linked to mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Although CRBSI poses many potential risks, including the need to avo...

    Authors: Khouloud Abdulrhman Al-Sofyani and Mohammed Shahab Uddin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:598
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious complication occurring in immunocompromised patients, who often show multiple nodular lesions with or without cavitation. Due to high mortality and poor prog...

    Authors: Reimi Mizushima, Kotaro Haruhara, Nei Fukasawa, Mari Satake, Akira Fukui, Kentaro Koike, Nobuo Tsuboi, Hiroyuki Takahashi and Takashi Yokoo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:597
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Authors: Lael M. Yonker, Oluwakemi Badaki-Makun, Puneeta Arya, Brittany P. Boribong, Gabriela Moraru, Brittany Fenner, Jaimar Rincon, Alex Hopke, Brent Rogers, Jeremiah Hinson, Alessio Fasano, Lilly Lee, Sarah M. Kehoe, Shawn D. Larson, Hector Chavez, Scott Levin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:595
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:563

  48. SARS-CoV-2 reinfections are a public health concern because of the potential for transmission and clinical disease, and because of our limited understanding of whether and how well an infection confers protect...

    Authors: Molly Rosenberg, Chen Chen, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Aaron Carroll, Nir Menachemi and Christina Ludema
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:592
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease and a predictor of end organ damage, both in the general population and in persons with HIV (PWH). Microalbuminuria is also ...

    Authors: C. William Wester, Bryan E. Shepherd, Usman J. Wudil, Baba Maiyaki Musa, Donna J. Ingles, Heather L. Prigmore, Faisal S. Dankishiya, Aima A. Ahonkhai, Bukar A. Grema, Philip J. Budge, Ayumi Takakura, Opeyemi A. Olabisi, Cheryl A. Winkler, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Joseph V. Bonventre, Christina M. Wyatt…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:591
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  50. Despite the availability of a highly effective vaccine, measles remains a substantial public health problem in many countries including Uganda. In this study, conducted between June–August 2020 following a loc...

    Authors: Abel Wilson Walekhwa, David Musoke, Aisha Nalugya, Claire Biribawa, Godfrey Nsereko, Solomon Tsebeni Wafula, Brenda Nakazibwe, Mary Nantongo, Doreen Awino Odera, Achangwa Chiara, Ross Mathew Boyce and Edgar Mugema Mulogo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:589
    Content type: Research Published on:

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