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  1. In view of the long term discussion on the appropriateness of the dengue classification into dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the World Health Organization (W...

    Authors: Judit Barniol, Roger Gaczkowski, Eliana Vega Barbato, Rivaldo V da Cunha, Doris Salgado, Eric Martínez, Carmita Soria Segarra, Ernesto B Pleites Sandoval, Ajay Mishra, Ida Safitri Laksono, Lucy CS Lum, José G Martínez, Andrea Núnez, Angel Balsameda, Ivan Allende, Gladys Ramírez…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics occur annually in temperate climates and result in significant pediatric morbidity and increased health care costs. Although RSV epidemics generally occur b...

    Authors: Molly Leecaster, Per Gesteland, Tom Greene, Nephi Walton, Adi Gundlapalli, Robert Rolfs, Carrie Byington and Matthew Samore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Ureaplasmas are among the most common bacteria isolated from the human urogenital tract. Ureaplasmas can produce asymptomatic infections or disease characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. Most inv...

    Authors: Ayman B Allam, Sophie Alvarez, Mary B Brown and Leticia Reyes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage represents an important biological marker for monitoring pneumococcal serotype distribution and evaluating vaccine effects. Serotype determination by conventional method (Q...

    Authors: Sarah Jourdain, Pierre-Alexandre Drèze, Jozef Vandeven, Jan Verhaegen, Laurence Van Melderen and Pierre R Smeesters
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:100
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  5. The overall volume of antibiotic consumption in the community is one of the foremost causes of antimicrobial resistance. There is much ad-hoc information about the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics, ove...

    Authors: Anita Kotwani and Kathleen Holloway
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Data on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in remote rural African regions is increasing.

    Authors: Erik Mossdorf, Marcel Stoeckle, Emmanuel G Mwaigomole, Evarist Chiweka, Patience L Kibatala, Eveline Geubbels, Honoraty Urassa, Salim Abdulla, Luigia Elzi, Marcel Tanner, Hansjakob Furrer, Christoph Hatz and Manuel Battegay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In the Netherlands, from 2007 to 2009, 3,522 Q-fever cases were notified from three outbreaks. These are the largest documented outbreaks in the world. Previous studies suggest that symptoms can persist for a ...

    Authors: Gabriëlla Morroy, Jeannette B Peters, Malou van Nieuwenhof, Hans HJ Bor, Jeannine LA Hautvast, Wim van der Hoek, Clementine J Wijkmans and Jan H Vercoulen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The roles of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-IT) in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) are not clear in young adults. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the ...

    Authors: Ji Eun Lee, Hee-Jin Kim and Sei Won Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. After the implementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), in several countries, serotype 19A is now the serotype most frequently involved in pneumococcal diseases and carriage. To determine f...

    Authors: Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy, Eric Bonnet, Franck Thollot, Michel Boucherat, Bernard Fritzell, Véronique Derkx, Edouard Bingen and Emmanuelle Varon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Data on the levels of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs in Cameroon, and on the species of MTBC circulating in the country are obsolete. The pic...

    Authors: Jean-Paul Assam-Assam, Veronique B Penlap, Fidelis Cho-Ngwa, Jean-Claude Tedom, Irene Ane-Anyangwe and Vincent P Titanji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Outbreaks of hepatitis E frequently occur in tropical developing countries during the rainy season due to overflowing drains, short-circuiting of networks of clean water and use of contaminated water from well...

    Authors: Alice I Goumba, Xavier Konamna and Narcisse P Komas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The swine influenza H1N1 first identified in Mexico, spread rapidly across the globe and is considered the fastest moving pandemic in history. The early phase of an outbreak, in which data is relatively scarce...

    Authors: Uri Roll, Rami Yaari, Guy Katriel, Oren Barnea, Lewi Stone, Ella Mendelson, Michal Mandelboim and Amit Huppert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Airborne fungi play an important role in causing allergy and infections in susceptible people. Identification of these fungi, based on morphological characteristics, is time-consuming, expertise-demanding, and...

    Authors: Wen-Tsung Hung, Shu-Li Su, Lin-Yi Shiu and Tsung C Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. As many respiratory viruses are responsible for influenza like symptoms, accurate measures of the disease burden are not available and estimates are generally based on statistical methods. The objective of thi...

    Authors: Dena L Schanzer, Hui Zheng and Jason Gilmore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. There is little information concerning community-based prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using T-cell based interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), particularly in TB endemic settings. In...

    Authors: Mengistu Legesse, Gobena Ameni, Gezahegne Mamo, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Blood transfusion is one of the most common transmission pathways of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on the epidemiological charact...

    Authors: Xiaofei Gao, Qian Cui, Xiang Shi, Jing Su, Zhihang Peng, Xin Chen, Na Lei, Keqin Ding, Lu Wang, Rongbin Yu and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Health care workers' (HCWs) influenza vaccination attitude is known to be negative. The H1N1 epidemic had started in mid 2009 and made a peak in October-November in Turkey. A national vaccination campaign bega...

    Authors: Bilgin Arda, Raika Durusoy, Tansu Yamazhan, Oğuz Reşat Sipahi, Meltem Taşbakan, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Esra Erdem and Sercan Ulusoy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Barriers to HIV treatment among injection drug users (IDU) are a major public health concern. However, there remain few long-term studies investigating key demographic and behavioral factors - and gender diffe...

    Authors: Christine Tapp, M-J Milloy, Thomas Kerr, Ruth Zhang, Silvia Guillemi, Robert S Hogg, Julio Montaner and Evan Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. In the Netherlands, incidence of physician's consultations and hospitalizations for varicella is low compared to other countries. Better knowledge about the severity of varicella among Dutch hospitalized patie...

    Authors: Alies van Lier, Nicoline AT van der Maas, Gerwin D Rodenburg, Elisabeth AM Sanders and Hester E de Melker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. This study prospectively assessed the occurrence of clinical and subclinical schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and toxocariasis, and the screening value of eosinophilia in adult short-term travele...

    Authors: Gijs G Baaten, Gerard J Sonder, Tom van Gool, Joan A Kint and Anneke van den Hoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infe...

    Authors: Firdaus Hamid, Aprilianto E Wiria, Linda J Wammes, Maria MM Kaisar, Bertrand Lell, Iwan Ariawan, Hae Won Uh, Heri Wibowo, Yenny Djuardi, Sitti Wahyuni, Robert Schot, Jaco J Verweij, Ronald van Ree, Linda May, Erliyani Sartono, Maria Yazdanbakhsh…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:83
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. Anisakiasis is an important fish-borne zoonosis provoked by larval stages of nematodes belonging to the genus Anisakis. The detection and identification of human infections is difficult. This is due to: a) the lo...

    Authors: Simonetta Mattiucci, Michela Paoletti, Francesco Borrini, Massimo Palumbo, Raffaele Macarone Palmieri, Vincenzo Gomes, Alessandra Casati and Giuseppe Nascetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:82
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  23. Determination of the prevalence and drug susceptibility of the M. tuberculosis strains is important in tuberculosis control. We determined the genetic diversity and susceptibility profiles of mycobacteria isolate...

    Authors: Joel Bazira, Benon B Asiimwe, Moses L Joloba, Freddie Bwanga and Mecky I Matee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Hospital strains of Enterococcus faecium could be characterized and typed by various molecular methods (MLST, AFLP, MLVA) and allocated to a distinct clonal complex known as MLST CC17. However, these techniques a...

    Authors: Guido Werner, Carola Fleige, Uta Geringer, Willem van Schaik, Ingo Klare and Wolfgang Witte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:80
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  25. Scrub typhus, a mite-transmitted zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an endemic disease in Taiwan and may be potentially fatal if diagnosis is delayed.

    Authors: Bor-Jen Lee, Chia-Yi Chen, Sung-Yuan Hu, Yu-Tse Tsan, Tzu-Chieh Lin and Lee-Min Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:79
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  26. This study aimed to analyze the association of mutation patterns in gyrA and gyrB genes and the ofloxacin resistance levels in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates sampled in 2009 from East China.

    Authors: Zhenling Cui, Jie Wang, Junmei Lu, Xiaochen Huang and Zhongyi Hu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. A persistent increase of tuberculosis cases has recently been noted in the Ukraine. The reported incidence of drug-resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis is growing steadily; however, data on the genetic variation...

    Authors: Maya A Dymova, Oleksander O Liashenko, Petro I Poteiko, Valeriy S Krutko, Eugeny A Khrapov and Maxim L Filipenko
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The number of patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is increasing with widespread immunosuppressive treatment. We investigated the clinical characteristics of non-HIV PCP and its association with mic...

    Authors: Yasufumi Matsumura, Yuichiro Shindo, Yoshitsugu Iinuma, Masaki Yamamoto, Michinori Shirano, Aki Matsushima, Miki Nagao, Yutaka Ito, Shunji Takakura, Yoshinori Hasegawa and Satoshi Ichiyama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The main objective of this study was to describe the patients who were hospitalised at Oslo University Hospital Aker during the first wave of pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Norway.

    Authors: Bjorn J Brandsaeter, Magnus Pillgram, Dag Berild, Harald Kjekshus, Anne-Marte B Kran and Bente M Bergersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is known to be involved in the resolution of pulmonary inflammation and repair of acute lung injury. Legionella pneumonia is sometimes complicated by acute lung injury. Our study ai...

    Authors: Futoshi Higa, Morikazu Akamine, Makoto Furugen, Kenji Hibiya, Michio Koide, Maki Tamayose, Yuichiro Tamaki, Syusaku Haranaga, Noriko Arakaki, Satomi Yara, Masao Tateyama and Jiro Fujita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Human papillomavirus is responsible for a variety of diseases including grade 2 and 3 vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. The aim of this study was to assess parts of the burden of the last diseases ...

    Authors: Monika Hampl, Eduard Huppertz, Olaf Schulz-Holstege, Patrick Kok and Sarah Schmitter
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Prevalence of both cervical cancer and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are very high in India. Natural history of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is known to be altered in HIV positive women...

    Authors: Kamalesh Sarkar, Reshmi Pal, Baishali Bal, Bibhuti Saha, Subhasish Bhattacharya, Sharmila Sengupta, Partha Pratim Mazumdar and Shekhar Chakraborti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Biological parameters are useful tools for understanding and monitoring complicated disease processes. In this study, we attempted to identify proteins associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) using ...

    Authors: Takahiro Tanaka, Shinsaku Sakurada, Keiko Kano, Eri Takahashi, Kazuki Yasuda, Hisashi Hirano, Yasushi Kaburagi, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Nguyen Thi Le Hang, Luu Thi Lien, Ikumi Matsushita, Minako Hijikata, Takafumi Uchida and Naoto Keicho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an important re-emerging sexually transmitted infection which is reported to affect particularly HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study is to quan...

    Authors: Minttu M Rönn and Helen Ward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Both infect epithelial cells and establish latent infections in neurons causing an infection that persists for life. Information on age- and gender-sp...

    Authors: Haijiang Lin, Na He, Meifang Su, Jifu Feng, Li Chen and Meiyang Gao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. During the 2009 H1N1v influenza epidemic, the total number of symptomatic cases was estimated by combining influenza-like illness (ILI) consultations, virological surveillance and assumptions about healthcare-...

    Authors: Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Natasha Tilston, W John Edmunds and Ken TD Eames
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) have been indispensable methods for influenza surveillance, especially for determination of avian influenza. The movement of testing beyond ref...

    Authors: Rongbao Gao, Yan Gao, Leying Wen, Ming Shao, Shumei Zou, Changgui Li, Lei Yang, Xiyan Li, Wei Wang and Yuelong Shu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Most guidelines have been proposing, for more than 15 years, a β-lactam combined with either a quinolone or a macrolide as empirical, first-line therapy of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring I...

    Authors: David Olive, Hugues Georges, Patrick Devos, Nicolas Boussekey, Arnaud Chiche, Agnes Meybeck, Serge Alfandari and Olivier Leroy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera interfere with the definitive identification of dengue virus (DENV) infections especially in areas with multiple co-circulating flaviviruses. Use of DENV enve...

    Authors: Gaurav Batra, Satish K Nemani, Poornima Tyagi, Sathyamangalam Swaminathan and Navin Khanna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:64
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  41. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genotype L and is endemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in western society. Genotype L infections need to be distinguished ...

    Authors: Koen D Quint, Reinier JM Bom, Wim GV Quint, Sylvia M Bruisten, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Servaas A Morré and Henry JC de Vries
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Solicited consultations constitute a substantial workload for infectious disease (ID) specialists in the hospital setting. The objectives of this survey were to describe requesting physicians' experiences rega...

    Authors: Patricia Pavese, Elodie Sellier, Laurent Laborde, Stéphane Gennai, Jean-Paul Stahl and Patrice François
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) has more similarities to nosocomial pneumonia than to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, there have only been a few epidemiological studies of HCAP in South Kor...

    Authors: Ji Ye Jung, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Byung Hoon Park, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang and Young Ae Kang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Poor outcomes of invasive candidiasis (IC) are associated with the difficulty in establishing the microbiological diagnosis at an early stage. New scores and laboratory tests have been developed in order to ma...

    Authors: Javier Pemán, Rafael Zaragoza, Guillermo Quindós, Miriam Alkorta, María S Cuétara, Juan J Camarena, Paula Ramírez, María J Giménez, Estrella Martín-Mazuelos, María J Linares-Sicilia and José Pontón
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes of pediatric hospital admissions in the developed world. The ribonuclease Dicer is an important regulator of gene expression and cellular f...

    Authors: Christopher S Inchley, Tonje Sonerud, Hans O Fjærli and Britt Nakstad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Controlling airborne contamination is of major importance in burn units because of the high susceptibility of burned patients to infections and the unique environmental conditions that can accentuate the infec...

    Authors: Christian Beauchêne, Nicolas Laudinet, Firas Choukri, Jean-Luc Rousset, Sofiane Benhamadouche, Juliette Larbre, Marc Chaouat, Marc Benbunan, Maurice Mimoun, Jean-Patrick Lajonchère, Vance Bergeron and Francis Derouin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Malaria and Tuberculosis (TB) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Malaria prevention reduces mortality among HIV patients, pregnant women and children, but its role in TB patients is not...

    Authors: Raffaella Colombatti, Martina Penazzato, Federica Bassani, Cesaltina Silva Vieira, Antonia Araujo Lourenço, Fina Vieira, Simone Teso, Carlo Giaquinto and Fabio Riccardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Chronic infections and associated inflammatory markers are suggested risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, is suggested to play a role in the regulat...

    Authors: Anders Johansson, Marie Eriksson, Ann-Marie Åhrén, Kurt Boman, Jan-Håkan Jansson, Göran Hallmans and Ingegerd Johansson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Deficits in growth observed in HIV-infected children in resource-poor settings can be reversed with antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, many of the studies have been conducted in urban areas with older pe...

    Authors: Catherine G Sutcliffe, Janneke H van Dijk, Bornface Munsanje, Francis Hamangaba, Pamela Sinywimaanzi, Philip E Thuma and William J Moss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. We examined the utility of serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) for the diagnoses, severity assessments, and predicting the prognoses of patients with sepsis and c...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Danyang She, Dan Feng, Yanhong Jia and Lixin Xie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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