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  1. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in China and occurs mostly in infants and children. Beijing is a densely populated megacity, in which HFMD has been increasing in the last decade. ...

    Authors: Lin Tian, Fengchao Liang, Meimei Xu, Lei Jia, Xiaochuan Pan and Archie C. A. Clements
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Conventional local treatment for medullary osteomyelitis (OM) includes insertion of antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. Nevertheless, PMMA may delivery irregular concentration of antibiotic...

    Authors: Mateus Trinconi Cunha, Maria Aparecida Murça, Stanley Nigro, Giselle Burlamaqui Klautau and Mauro José Costa Salles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Initial symptoms of dengue fever are non-specific, and thus definite diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation. Detection of IgM against dengue virus (DENV) has become widely used for dengue diagnosis. Unders...

    Authors: Yu-Wen Chien, Zi-Hu Liu, Fan-Chen Tseng, Tzu-Chuan Ho, How-Ran Guo, Nai-Ying Ko, Wen-Chien Ko and Guey Chuen Perng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is increasingly used in clinical practice. However, the utility of posaconazole TDM and the target of posaconazole plasma concentration for clinical successful pr...

    Authors: Lu Chen, Yan Wang, Tao Zhang, Ying Li, Ti Meng, Leichao Liu, Ruifang Hao and Yalin Dong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Implant-related infections, including those of peri-prosthetic joint (PJIs), osteosynthesis and other biomaterials, are biofilm-related. Pathogen identification is considered the diagnostic benchmark; however,...

    Authors: Carlo L. Romanò, Maria Teresa Trentinaglia, Elena De Vecchi, Nicola Logoluso, David A. George, Ilaria Morelli and Lorenzo Drago
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Characterization of the Mycobacterium leprae genome has made possible the development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) systems that can amplify different genomic regions. Increased reliability and technical eff...

    Authors: Rafael Silva Gama, Thalisson Artur Ribeiro Gomides, Chaiana Fróes Magalhães Gama, Suelen Justo Maria Moreira, Fernanda Saloum de Neves Manta, Lorena Bruna P. de Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Ferreira Marçal, Euzenir Nunes Sarno, Milton Ozório Moraes, Raúl Marcel González Garcia and Lucia Alves de Oliveira Fraga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Limited data are available on the effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in resource-poor settings and PCV naïve populations. The Dominican Republic introduced PCV13 in September 201...

    Authors: Sara Tomczyk, Fernanda C. Lessa, Jacqueline Sánchez, Chabela Peña, Josefina Fernández, M. Gloria Carvalho, Fabiana Pimenta, Doraliza Cedano, Cynthia G. Whitney, Jennifer R. Verani, Hilma Coradin, Zacarías Garib, Lucia Helena De Oliveira and Jesús Feris-Iglesias
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. People who inject drugs (PWID) are most at risk of hepatitis C virus infection in Australia. The introduction of transient elastography (TE) (measuring hepatitis fibrosis) and direct acting antiviral medicatio...

    Authors: Stelliana Goutzamanis, Joseph S. Doyle, Alexander Thompson, Paul Dietze, Margaret Hellard and Peter Higgs
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. China faces a serious HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM), and a large proportion of new infections are attributed to their regular male sex partners (RP). The objective of this study was to inv...

    Authors: Juan He, Hui-fang Xu, Wei-bin Cheng, Sheng-jie Zhang, Jing Gu, Yuan-tao Hao and Chun Hao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance is a major challenge to the use of standardized regimens for tuberculosis (TB) therapy, especially among previously treated patients. We aimed to investigate the frequen...

    Authors: Audrey Forson, Awewura Kwara, Samuel Kudzawu, Michael Omari, Jacob Otu, Florian Gehre, Bouke de Jong and Martin Antonio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Thailand is a major destination for German travellers with more than 760,000 arrivals in 2015. At the same time, malaria is a concern in travel recommendations with regard to this destination. The World Malari...

    Authors: Guenter Froeschl, Marcus Beissner, Kristina Huber, Gisela Bretzel, Michael Hoelscher and Camilla Rothe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:148
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. Globally, Norovirus (NoV) is considered the most common cause of diarrheal episodes across all age groups. Despite its wide genetic diversity, the GII.4 strain is the most predominant and has been associated w...

    Authors: Juliana Merces Hernandez, Luciana Damascena Silva, Edivaldo Costa Sousa Junior, Renato Silva Bandeira, Elmer Abraão Martins Rodrigues, Maria Silvia Souza Lucena, Samya Thalita Picanço Costa and Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) is a rare and critical disease in Japan. Most of these cases are caused by capsulated Neisseria meningitidis strains. Non-capsulated (non-typable) strains are considered relat...

    Authors: Shun Kurose, Kyoko Onozawa, Hiroshi Yoshikawa, Kenichiro Yaita, Hideyuki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Shimono and Yoji Nagasaki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:146
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Treponema pallidum (TP) infections are considered classic transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). Few data are availab...

    Authors: Wei-Wei Cao, Rong-Rong Zhou, Xinghua Ou, Ling-Xi Shi, Chao-Qi Xiao, Ting-Yin Chen, Hua Tan, Xue-Gong Fan, Bi-Juan Li and Ning Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Repeated nontreponemal serologic test for syphilis titers is recommended to evaluate treatment response. However, it is unknown whether serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer can serve as a surrogate for determ...

    Authors: Ying Jiang, Ruihui Weng, Yuefeng Zhang, Rong Fan, Yulun Liu, Zhigang Chen, Fuhua Peng, Yong Chen and Xiaohong Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. We describe a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. To our knowledge, only five cases of GBS associated with Hantavirus infection have been reported so far.

    Authors: Jie Jiao, Lei Wu, Jianyuan Yin, Xiaojiao Quan, Wei Chen and Jie Hu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:143
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Pretreatment loss to follow-up (PTLFU) is a barrier to tuberculosis (TB) control in India’s Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP). PTLFU studies have not been conducted in India’s mega-cities, where pa...

    Authors: Beena E. Thomas, Ramnath Subbaraman, Senthil Sellappan, Chandra Suresh, J. Lavanya, Savari Lincy, Agnes Lawrence Raja, B. Javeed, S. Kokila, S. Arumugam, Soumya Swaminathan and Kenneth H. Mayer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that has become established in North America. Risk for human infection varies geographically in accordance with climate and population factors. Though often a...

    Authors: Shruti Mallya, Beate Sander, Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon, Monica Taljaard, Ann Jolly and Manisha A. Kulkarni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In immunocompetent patients, acute toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic. We identified M1 macrophages in a case of symptomatic acute Toxoplasma gondii infection that resolved without treatment. M1 macrophages ha...

    Authors: Graziano De Luca, Chiara Di Lisio, Giuseppe Lattanzio, Tommaso D’Antuono, Marcella Liberatore and Francesca Bianca Aiello
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:139
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability for HIV patients has increased dramatically in Uganda, patient linkage to and retention in care remains a challenge. We assessed patterns of engagement in care i...

    Authors: Caroline E. Boeke, Vennie Nabitaka, Andrea Rowan, Katherine Guerra, Arnold Kabbale, Barbara Asire, Eleanor Magongo, Pamela Nawaggi, Vivienne Mulema, Betty Mirembe, Victor Bigira, Andrew Musoke and Cordelia Katureebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Migrants are considered a key population at risk for sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases in Europe. Prevalence data to support the design of infectious diseases screening protocols are scarce. We aim...

    Authors: Paula Tiittala, Matti Ristola, Kirsi Liitsola, Jukka Ollgren, Päivikki Koponen, Heljä-Marja Surcel, Eija Hiltunen-Back, Irja Davidkin and Pia Kivelä
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Since 2006, the Peruvian National TB program (NTP) recommends voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for all tuberculosis (TB) patients. Responding to the differential burden of both diseases in Peru, TB is ma...

    Authors: Suzanne Ramírez, Fernando Mejía, Marlene Rojas, Carlos Seas, Patrick Van der Stuyft, Eduardo Gotuzzo and Larissa Otero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Human adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute conjunctivitis is a common infectious disease and causes significant morbidity among residents in Beijing, China. However, little is known about the epidemiology and ty...

    Authors: Jie Li, Xiaoyan Lu, Baoming Jiang, Yiwei Du, Yang Yang, Haikun Qian, Baiwei Liu, Changying Lin, Lei Jia, Lijuan Chen and Quanyi Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Precise designation of high risk forms of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis-M.tb infections (LTBI) is impossible. Delineation of high-risk LTBI can, however, allow for chemoprophylaxis and curtail majority cases ...

    Authors: Misaki Wayengera, David P. Kateete, Benon Asiimwe and Moses L. Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has provided unprecedented opportunities for uninsured people with HIV infection to access health insurance, and to examine the impact of this change in access...

    Authors: Renae Furl, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Elizabeth Lyden and Susan Swindells
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) deficiency is one of the most common X-linked recessive hereditary disorders in the world. Primaquine (PQ) has been used for radical cure of P. vivax to preve...

    Authors: Jinyoung Lee, Tae Im Kim, Jung-Mi Kang, Hojong Jun, Hương Giang Lê, Thị Lam Thái, Woon-Mok Sohn, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Tong-Soo Kim and Byoung-Kuk Na
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Rubella infection in pregnant women can result in serious effects, such as miscarriages, stillbirths, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). However, very little is known about the rubella seroprevalence among...

    Authors: Qinghong Meng, Jie Luo, Lijun Li, Wei Shi, Jinqian Yu, Yingjie Shen, Li Li, Yajuan Wang and Kaihu Yao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Infection by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Colonization by S. aureus increases the risk of infection. Little is known about decolonization strategies for S. aureus

    Authors: Shoshannah Eggers, Anna K. Barker, Susan Valentine, Timothy Hess, Megan Duster and Nasia Safdar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Influenza virus transmission may be prevented by infection control measures, including vaccination, wearing a mask, gargling with water, and hand washing. It is unclear, however, whether these measures affect ...

    Authors: Mitsuo Uchida, Minoru Kaneko, Yoshihiko Hidaka, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Takayuki Honda, Shouhei Takeuchi, Masaya Saito and Shigeyuki Kawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The zoonotic parasite Taenia solium is endemic in Angónia district, Tete province, Mozambique, though the burden of the disease complex is unknown.

    Authors: Chiara Trevisan, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Nicolas Praet, Alberto Pondja, Yunus Amade Assane, Pierre Dorny, Stig Milan Thamsborg, Pascal Magnussen and Maria Vang Johansen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. A significant increase in pertussis incidence occurred in Brazil, from 2011 to 2014, despite high coverage of childhood immunization with whole-cell-pertussis (wP) containing vaccines. This study presents pert...

    Authors: Eder Gatti Fernandes, Ana Marli Christovam Sartori, Patrícia Coelho de Soárez, Telma Regina M. P. Carvalhanas, Marcela Rodrigues and Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Syphilis is a global health concern disproportionately affecting HIV-infected populations. In Alberta, Canada, the incidence of syphilis in the general population has recently doubled with 25% of these infecti...

    Authors: Raynell Lang, Ron Read, Hartmut B. Krentz, Soheil Ramazani, Mingkai Peng, Jennifer Gratrix and M. John Gill
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Condom use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are effective means to prevent and control HIV transmission. We aimed to assess the effect of condom use in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV inci...

    Authors: Lili Tao, Min Liu, Shuming Li, Jue Liu and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Respiratory illnesses have been identified as a significant factor leading to lost training time and morbidity among Singapore military recruits. A surveillance programme has been put in place to determine eti...

    Authors: Yuk-Fai Lau, Wee-Hong Victor Koh, Clement Kan, Poh-Choo Alethea Dua, Ai-Sim Elizabeth Lim, Chin-Wen Jasper Liaw, Qiu-Han Gao, Jeremiah Chng, Vernon J. Lee, Boon-Huan Tan and Jin-Phang Loh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Medical laboratory staff are a high-risk population for colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) due to direct and dense contact with the pathogens; however, there is limited information about this colon...

    Authors: Xiaoying Xie, Xinlu Dai, Lijia Ni, Baiji Chen, Zhaofan Luo, Yandan Yao, Xiquan Wu, Hongyu Li and Songyin Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a re-emerging pathogen in Europe causing invasive infections in vaccinated persons and classical diphtheria in unvaccinated persons. In the presented study we analysed genetic chang...

    Authors: Urszula Czajka, Aldona Wiatrzyk, Ewa Mosiej, Kamila Formińska and Aleksandra A. Zasada
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. As the socioeconomic conditions in Jordan have improved over recent decades the disease and economic burden of Hepatitis A has increased. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential health and economi...

    Authors: Wail A. Hayajneh, Vincent J. Daniels, Cerise K. James, Muhammet Nabi Kanıbir, Matthew Pilsbury, Morgan Marks, Michelle G. Goveia, Elamin H. Elbasha, Erik Dasbach and Camilo J. Acosta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:904

  41. End stage renal disease (ESRD)/ end stage renal failure (ESRF) is on the rise globally and especially in Singapore. Varicella or chickenpox is not uncommon among adults especially ESRD/ESRF patients. It has be...

    Authors: Chong Yau Ong, Sher Guan Low, Farhad Fakhrudin Vasanwala, Stephanie, MC Fook-Chong, Manish Kaushik and Lian Leng Low
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals. T. gondii profilin (TgPF) plays a crucial role in parasite motility and host cell invasion, and has shown p...

    Authors: Qi Gao, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Fu-Kai Zhang, Meng Wang, Ling-Ying Hu and Xing-Quan Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Hand hygiene compliance is the basis of infection control programs. In developing countries models to improve hand hygiene compliance to reduce healthcare acquired infections are required. The aim of this stud...

    Authors: Hang Thi Phan, Hang Thi Thuy Tran, Hanh Thi My Tran, Anh Pham Phuong Dinh, Ha Thanh Ngo, Jenny Theorell-Haglow and Christopher J. Gordon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. China has initiated the National Malaria Elimination Action Plan, which aims to eliminate malaria by 2020. However, the transmission of malaria occurs sporadically or in distinct foci, which greatly hampers pr...

    Authors: Jun Feng, Hong Tu, Li Zhang, Shaosen Zhang, Shan Jiang, Zhigui Xia and Shuisen Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Few prospective cohort studies, none in China, have investigated the relationship between treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients and sputum culture conversion. Factors affecti...

    Authors: Qiao Liu, Peng Lu, Leonardo Martinez, Haitao Yang, Wei Lu, Xiaoyan Ding and Limei Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Accurate and early diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC) remains a challenge due to the heterogeneity of its clinical, immunological and imaging characteristics. The presence of cysticercus DNA in cerebrospina...

    Authors: Ping Liu, Xing Weng, Jiajia Zhou, Xiaolin Xu, Fangping He, Yue Du, Honglong Wu, Yanping Gong and Guoping Peng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:113
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Treatment failure and relapse is known to be high for patients with isoniazid resistant TB treated with standard first line regimens. How...

    Authors: Phan Vuong Khac Thai, Dang Thi Minh Ha, Nguyen Thi Hanh, Jeremy Day, Sarah Dunstan, Nguyen Thi Quynh Nhu, Vo Sy Kiet, Nguyen Huu Lan, Nguyen Huy Dung, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Nguyen Thuong Thuong, Nguyen Ngoc Lan, Phạm Thị Thúy Liễu, Nguyễn Thị Hồng, Đào Công Điệp, Nguyễn Thị Kim Thanh…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with significant mortality rates amongst hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, with less known about other immunocompromised patients.

    Authors: Olga Chatzis, Stephanie Darbre, Jérôme Pasquier, Pascal Meylan, Oriol Manuel, John David Aubert, Maja Beck-Popovic, Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat, Marc Ansari, Laurent Kaiser, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe and Sandra A. Asner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Tuberculosis (TB) contact tracing is a key strategy for containing TB and provides addition to the passive case finding approach. However, this practice has not been implemented in Tanzania, where there is una...

    Authors: Medard Beyanga, Benson R. Kidenya, Lisa Gerwing-Adima, Eleanor Ochodo, Stephen E. Mshana and Christa Kasang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Despite availability of effective treatment and the implementation of focused antenatal care (ANC), still the prevalence of syphilis persists in Ethiopia. Yet, data is not found in southern Ethiopia. Therefore...

    Authors: Anteneh Amsalu, Getachew Ferede and Demissie Assegu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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