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  1. Leishmaniasis caused by different species of Leishmania affect 98 countries worldwide. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the mortal clinical presentation of the disease that causes the dead to more than 90% of the p...

    Authors: Giovanny Herrera, Adriana Castillo, Martha S. Ayala, Carolina Flórez, Omar Cantillo-Barraza and Juan David Ramirez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:747
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Due to the similar clinical, lung imaging, and pathological characteristics, talaromycosis is most commonly misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of talaromycosis pleur...

    Authors: Ye Qiu, Wen Zeng, Hui Zhang, Xiaoning Zhong, Shudan Tang and Jianquan Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:745
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Multidrug resistant (MDR) enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens causing serious problem in hospitalized patients. The aim of present study was to investigate the frequency of high-level aminoglycoside...

    Authors: Fakhri Haghi, Vahid Lohrasbi and Habib Zeighami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:744
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is an important public health concern throughout Thailand. Climate variables are potential predictors of dengue transmission. Associations between climate ...

    Authors: Thipruethai Phanitchat, Bingxin Zhao, Ubydul Haque, Chamsai Pientong, Tipaya Ekalaksananan, Sirinart Aromseree, Kesorn Thaewnongiew, Benedicte Fustec, Michael J. Bangs, Neal Alexander and Hans J. Overgaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:743
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Trends in antimicrobial resistance help inform infection control efforts. We examined trends in resistance for Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. from 2013 to 2017 in hospitalized US patients.

    Authors: Vikas Gupta, Gang Ye, Melanie Olesky, Kenneth Lawrence, John Murray and Kalvin Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:742
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The use of fixed combination antiretroviral therapy with a low genetic barrier for the treatment of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may affect the local HIV transmitted drug resistanc...

    Authors: Ya-Wei Weng, I-Tzu Chen, Hung-Chin Tsai, Kuan-Sheng Wu, Yu-Ting Tseng, Cheng-Len Sy, Jui-Kuang Chen, Susan Shin-Jung Lee and Yao-Shen Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:741
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Almost 1% of Canadians are hepatitis C (HCV)-infected. The liver-specific complications of HCV are established but the extra-hepatic comorbidity, multimorbidity, and its relationship with HCV treatment, is les...

    Authors: Curtis L. Cooper, Chrissi Galanakis, Jessy Donelle, Jeff Kwong, Rob Boyd, Lisa Boucher and Claire E. Kendall
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:712
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:889

  8. Women living with HIV (WLWH) have high rates of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections and cervical cancer. We aimed to assess the distribution of hrHPV genotypes, risk factors of type-sp...

    Authors: Kristina Thorsteinsson, Steen Ladelund, Merete Storgaard, Terese L. Katzenstein, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Gitte Pedersen, Frederikke Falkencrone Rönsholt, Lars Nørregård Nielsen, Lisbeth Nilas, Maria Franzmann, Niels Obel, Anne-Mette Lebech and Jesper Bonde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:740
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The technique most frequently used to genotype HCV is quantitative RT-PCR. This technique is unable to provide an accurate genotype/subtype for many samples; we decided to develop an in-house method with the g...

    Authors: Sylvie Goletti, Siméon Zuyten, Léonie Goeminne, Chris Verhofstede, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos, Monique Bodeus, Peter Stärkel, Yves Horsmans and Benoît Kabamba-Mukadi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:738
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  11. Brainstem encephalitis is a serious complication of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and hypertension may occur, sometimes progressing to cardiopulmo...

    Authors: Qui Tu Phan, Lam Khanh Phung, Khanh Huu Truong, Trieu Trung Huynh, Giang Thanh Phạm, Bich Ngọc Nguyen, Quyen Thanh Tran, Vuong Ngoc Thien Huynh, Tien Thi My Nguyen, Thoa Phan Kim Le, Nhan Nguyen Thanh Le, Saraswathy Sabanathan, H. Rogier van Doorn, Tan Van Le, Toan Duc Nguyen, Laura Merson…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:737
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under 5 years of age. We investigated the epidemiology of noroviruses in outpat...

    Authors: Lijuan Lu, Huaqing Zhong, Menghua Xu, Liyun Su, Lingfeng Cao, Ran Jia and Jin Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:736
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has decreased in South Korea, the mortality rate remains high. TB mortality is a key indicator for TB control interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess ...

    Authors: Jinsoo Min, Ju Sang Kim, Hyung Woo Kim, Ah Young Shin, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Sung-Soon Lee, Yang-Ki Kim, Kyeong-Cheol Shin, Jung Hyun Chang, Gayoung Chun, Joosun Lee, Mi Sun Park and Jae Seuk Park
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:735
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections are among the most chronic infections worldwide. Based on their demonstrable impact on human health, the WHO recently recommended the implementation of ...

    Authors: Hlengiwe Sacolo-Gwebu, Muhubiri Kabuyaya and Moses Chimbari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:734
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. At a time when programs were struggling to design effective regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the marketing authorization of bedaquiline and delamanid was a critical deve...

    Authors: Uzma Khan, Helena Huerga, Aamir J. Khan, Carole D. Mitnick, Catherine Hewison, Francis Varaine, Mathieu Bastard, Michael Rich, Molly F. Franke, Sidney Atwood, Palwasha Y. Khan and Kwonjune J. Seung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:733
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a tick-borne disease caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species. Due to a variety of clinical manifestations, diagnosing LB can be challenging, and lab...

    Authors: F. R. van de Schoor, M. E. Baarsma, S. A. Gauw, L. A. B. Joosten, B. J. Kullberg, C. C. van den Wijngaard and J. W. Hovius
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:732
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Isoniazid resistant tuberculosis is the most prevalent type of resistance in Swaziland and over two-thirds of the isoniazid resistant tuberculosis patients are tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-...

    Authors: Nonhlanhla Christinah Dlamini, Dar-Der Ji and Li-Yin Chien
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:731
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Solobacterium moorei, the only species in the genus Solobacterium, is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strict anaerobic, short to long bacillus. It has rarely been documented to cause blood stream infections. ...

    Authors: Wen-Jing Liu, Meng Xiao, Jie Yi, Ying Li, Timothy Kudinha and Ying-Chun Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:730
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. No comparison data have been reported on viral and epidemiological profiles of hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Beijing or Shanghai, China.

    Authors: Yanjie Zhao, Roujian Lu, Jun Shen, Zhengde Xie, Gaoshan Liu and Wenjie Tan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:729
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Cryptosporidium is among the most common causes of severe diarrhea in African children 0–23 months old. It is associated with excess mortality, stunting and malnutrition. The most common manifestation of crypt...

    Authors: Wongani Nyangulu, Wes Van Voorhis and Pui-Ying Iroh Tam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:728
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  21. Since 2000, substantial increases in syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported in many cities. Condomless anal sex (CAS) is one of the factors, along with drugs for sex and sex in group. T...

    Authors: Maider Arando, Candela Fernandez-Naval, Miriam Mota-Foix, Desi Martinez, Pere Armengol, Maria Jesús Barberá, Juliana Esperalba and Martí Vall-Mayans
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:727
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) have been used as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Taiwan for many years. In accordance with Taiwanese legislation, health care personnel are requir...

    Authors: Chih-Wei Wu, Yao-Kuang Wu, Chou-Chin Lan, Mei-Chen Yang, Ting-Qian Dong, I-Shiang Tzeng and Shu-Shien Hsiao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:726
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Female sex workers (FSWs) at substantial risk of HIV are potentially a suitable group for HIV prevention trials including vaccine trials. Few HIV vaccine preparatory studies have been conducted among FSWs in S...

    Authors: Yunia Mayanja, Andrew Abaasa, Gertrude Namale, Gershim Asiki, Matthew A. Price and Anatoli Kamali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:725
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in HIV endemic settings is a major threat to public health. MDR-TB is a substantial and underreported problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with recognised cases projec...

    Authors: Elvis Dzelamonyuy Chem, Marie Claire Van Hout and Vivian Hope
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:723
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungi endemic to Central America, regions of South America and southwestern USA. Two species cause most human disease: Coccidioides immitis (primarily California isolates) and Cocc...

    Authors: Raynell Lang, William Stokes, Jane Lemaire, Andrew Johnson and John Conly
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:722
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising and effective tool to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission; however, context-specific data to guide optimal implementation are currently lackin...

    Authors: Hongyi Wang, Yonghui Zhang, Zhu Mei, Yueru Jia, Sequoia I. Leuba, Jing Zhang, Zhenxing Chu, Haibo Ding, Yongjun Jiang, Wenqing Geng, Hong Shang and Junjie Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:721
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria cause chronic pulmonary infection, but pleuritis and pleural effusion are rarely associated with infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, especially rapid-growing mycobacteria.

    Authors: Ryosuke Hirabayashi, Atsushi Nakagawa, Hiroshi Takegawa and Keisuke Tomii
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:720
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Clostridium perfringens can cause various infections, including food poisoning, gas gangrene, cellulitis and fasciitis. C. perfringens septicemia is rare, but is a known cause of hemolysis by damaging red blood c...

    Authors: Masahide Sakaue, Koshi Ota, Eriko Nakamura, Masahiko Nitta, Masahiro Oka, Yasuo Oishi, Yohei Sano, Shinya Yonogi and Akira Takasu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:719
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. We developed a clinical bedside tool to simultaneously estimate the probabilities of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GC-R), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and mult...

    Authors: Thomas P. Lodise, Nicole Gidaya Bonine, Jiatao Michael Ye, Henry J. Folse and Patrick Gillard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:718
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as a major causative agent of blood-stream infections (BSI). Linezolid (LZD) is currently used for treating glycopeptide and methicillin-resistant staphyloc...

    Authors: Gajanand Mittal, Vasundhra Bhandari, Rajni Gaind, Vandana Rani, Shimpi Chopra, Reetika Dawar, Raman Sardana and P. K. Verma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:717
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Asymptom of invasive candidiasis (IC) and low positive rate of blood culture lead to delay diagnose of neonatal infection. Serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) performs well in adult IC, but its use in neonatal IC is ...

    Authors: Junfei Guo, Yongbing Wu, Weiming Lai, Weiming Lu and Xiaoping Mu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:716
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Gynecomastia is known to occur in some men taking an efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. However, the incidence and outcomes of gynecomastia are not known in Zimbabwe. We described the charac...

    Authors: Sandra Shawarira-Bote, Tinei Shamu and Cleophas Chimbetete
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:715
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Despite rapid scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), Tuberculosis (TB) remains the commonest opportunistic infection and cause of death among HIV infected individuals in resource limited settings like India...

    Authors: Ameet Dravid, Kartik Natarajan, Mahenderkumar Medisetty, Raviraj Gawali, Uma Mahajan, Milind Kulkarni, Chinmay Saraf, Charuta Ghanekar, Sachin Kore, Niranjan Rathod and Mrudula Dravid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:714
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Management of partially-treated, community-acquired bacterial meningitis (PCBM) is commonly compromised by lack of microbiological diagnosis. We aimed to analyze the impact of FilmArray Meningitis-Encephalitis...

    Authors: Yair Mina, Vered Schechner, Michal Savion, Dafna Yahav, Efraim Bilavsky, Nadav Sorek, Haim Ben-Zvi and Amos Adler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:713
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) infections are of increasing concern in many hospitalized patients. Patients with cirrhosis are at added risk of infection with VRE, with associated increased risk for co...

    Authors: Melissa Barger, Emily Blodget, Sol Pena, Wendy Mack and Tse-Ling Fong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:711
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Pulmonary Cryptococcosis (PC) is diagnosed with increasing incidence in recent years, but it does not commonly involve the pleural space. Here, we report a HIV-negative case with advanced stage IIIB non-small ...

    Authors: Yuan Zhang, Sean X. Zhang, Julie Trivedi, Adam D. Toll, Julie Brahmer, Russell Hales, Sarah Bonerigo, Mingying Zeng, Huiping Li and Rex C. Yung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:710
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. After publication of the original article [1], in Table 1, in the second and third column, “Vacnee” and “Non-vacnee” should be replaced with “Vaccinee” and “Non-vaccinee”.

    Authors: Natsumi Shibata, Shinya Kimura, Takahiro Hoshino and Hisashi Urushihara
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:709
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:586

  39. Thymidine analogues (TA) and didanosine (ddI) are associated with long-lasting adipose tissue redistribution. Adiponectin is a widely used marker of adipocyte activity, and adipose tissue density assessed by C...

    Authors: Marco Gelpi, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen, Karoline Brostrup Larsen, Amanda Mocroft, Anne-Mette Lebech, Birgitte Lindegaard, Jens Lundgren, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed and Susanne Dam Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:708
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic in south-east Asia. It predominantly occurs in both immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients and can be fatal if diagnosis and treatment are...

    Authors: Jiayi Xian, Xiaowen Huang, Qiaofei Li, Xiaoming Peng and Xuebiao Peng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:707
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10–15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated...

    Authors: Carmen de Mendoza, Lourdes Roc, Rafael Benito, Gabriel Reina, José Manuel Ramos, Cesar Gómez, Antonio Aguilera, Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias, Juan García-Costa, Miriam Fernández-Alonso and Vicente Soriano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:706
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. In recent times, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are posing a public health threat in developing countries, and vigilant surveillance is necessary to prepare against these threats. Analyses of mul...

    Authors: Badral Davgasuren, Suvdmaa Nyam, Tsoggerel Altangerel, Oyunbileg Ishdorj, Ambaselmaa Amarjargal and Jun Yong Choi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:705
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Plasmodium vivax transmission in West Africa, dominant for the Duffy-negative blood group, has been increasingly recognized from both local residents as well as international travelers who contracted P. vivax mal...

    Authors: Xi He, Maohua Pan, Weilin Zeng, Chunyan Zou, Liang Pi, Yucheng Qin, Luyi Zhao, Pien Qin, Yuxin Lu, J. Kevin Baird, Yaming Huang, Liwang Cui and Zhaoqing Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:704
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in correctional settings. HCV treatment is often not possible in U.S. jails due to short lengths of stay. Linkage to care is crucial in these settings, ...

    Authors: Matthew J. Akiyama, Devin Columbus, Ross MacDonald, Alison O. Jordan, Jessie Schwartz, Alain H. Litwin, Benjamin Eckhardt and Ellie Carmody
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:703
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Hepatitis C infection is a major public health concern globally. In Ireland, like other European countries, people who use drugs (PWUD) and prisoners carry a larger HCV disease burden than the general populati...

    Authors: D. Crowley, R. Murtagh, W. Cullen, J. S. Lambert, T. McHugh and M. C. Van Hout
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:702
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. In recent years, studies on the diagnostic accuracy of in-house real-time PCR (hRT-PCR) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been reported with unignorable discrepancies. To assess the...

    Authors: Zhenhong Wei, Xiaoping Zhang, Chaojun Wei, Liang Yao, Yonghong Li, Xiaojing Zhang, Hui Xu, Yanjuan Jia, Rui Guo, Yu Wu, Kehu Yang and Xiaoling Gao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:701
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The SELPHI study (An HIV Self-Testing Public Health Intervention) is an online randomised controlled trial (RCT) of HIV self-testing (HIVST). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of recruiting U...

    Authors: T. Charles Witzel, Michelle M. Gabriel, Leanne McCabe, Peter Weatherburn, Mitzy Gafos, Andrew Speakman, Roger Pebody, Fiona M. Burns, Chris Bonell, Fiona C. Lampe, David T. Dunn, Denise Ward, Justin Harbottle, Andrew N. Phillips, Sheena McCormack and Alison J. Rodger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:699
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. To analyze hospitalization episodes with an ICD-9 diagnosis code of influenza (codes 487 and 488) in any diagnostic position from 2009 to 2015 in the Spanish hospital surveillance system.

    Authors: J. M. San-Román-Montero, R. Gil Prieto, C. Gallardo Pino, J. Hinojosa Mena, A. Zapatero Gaviria and A. Gil de Miguel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:700
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Diagnosis is the most strenuous step in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis. No gold standard diagnostic method is available except for blood culture. We aimed to investigate the role of positive and negative ac...

    Authors: Halil Değirmencioğlu, Buse Ozer Bekmez, Turan Derme, Mehmet Yekta Öncel, Fuat Emre Canpolat and Cüneyt Tayman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:695
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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