World Health Organization, Guidelines for the Prevention Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Sunbul M. Hepatitis B virus genotypes: global distribution and clinical importance. World J Gastroenterol: WJG 2014;20(18):5427.
WHO. World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals: World Health Organization; 2016.
Disease G B D, Injury I, Prevalence C. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet (London, England). 2017;390(10100):1211–59.
Global Health Estimates. Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2015. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2015;2016.
Kim H, Shin AR, Chung HH, Kim MK, Lee JS, et al. Recent trends in hepatitis B virus infection in the general Korean population. The Korean journal of internal medicine. 2013;28(4):413.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hwang E W, Cheung R. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. North American Journal of Medicine and Science. 2011;4(1).
Lemoine M, Eholié S, Lacombe K. Reducing the neglected burden of viral hepatitis in Africa: strategies for a global approach. J Hepatol. 2015;62:469–76.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jafari S, Copes R, Baharlou S, Etminan M, Buxton J. Tattooing and the risk of transmission of hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(11):e928–e40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tegegne D, Desta K, Tegbaru B, Tilahun T. Seroprevalence and transmission of Hepatitis B virus among delivering women and their new born in selected health facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC research notes. 2014;7(1):239.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bakthavatchalu S. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carrier State among Asymptomatic Pregnant Women and Its Correlation with Vertical Transmission. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy & Science. 2012;2(3).
Camvulam N, Gotsch P, Langan RC. Caring for pregnant women and newborns with Hepatitis B or C. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(10):1225–9.
Google Scholar
Lam N-C V, Gotsch PB, Langan RC. Caring for pregnant women and newborns with hepatitis B or C. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(10):1225–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Howell J, Lemoine M, Thursz M. Prevention of materno-foetal transmission of hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa: the evidence, current practice and future challenges. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(6):381–96.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Walle F, Asrat D, Alem A, Tadesse E, Desta K. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Debre-Tabor Hospital. Northwest Ethiopia Ethiop J Health Sci. 2008;17(17):13–20.
Google Scholar
Abebe A, Nokes D, Dejene A, Enquselassie F, Messele T, et al. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control. Epidemiology & Infection. 2003;131(1):757–70.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Siddiqi N, Khan A, Nisar N, Siddiqi A. Assessment of EPI (expanded program of immunization) vaccine coverage in a peri-urban area. Jpma. 2007;57(8):391–5.
Google Scholar
Ethiopia National Expanded Programme on Immunization: Comprehensive Multi-Year Plan 2016–2020. Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 2015:11.
Lenjiso T, Tesfaye B, Michael A, Esatu T, Legessie Z. SNNPR Hawassa city Adminstration health department. GTP assessment report booklet. 2010-2012;2013:9–65.
Google Scholar
Berhe N, Myrvamg B, Gundersen SG. Intensity of Schisosoma mansoni, Hepatitus B, age and sex predict level of hepatic periportal thichkening/ fibrosis (PPT/F), a large scale community based study in Ethiopia. AM J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77(6):1079–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
WHO: Hepatitis B Fact Sheet;. 2008.
World health organization. Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response: Hepatitis B virus; . Geneva: 2002.
Peto TJ, Mendy ME, Lowe Y, Webb EL, Whittle HC, et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of infant vaccination against chronic hepatitis B in the Gambia Hepatitis intervention study (1986–90) and in the nationwide immunisation program. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cho Y, Bonsu G, Akoto-Ampaw A, Nkrumah-Mills G, Nimo JJ, et al. The prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B surface Ag positivity in pregnant women in eastern region of Ghana. Gut and liver. 2012;6(2):235.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Coursaget P, Leboulleux D, Soumare M, le Cann P, Yvonnet B, et al. Twelve-year follow-up study of hepatitis B immunization of Senegalese infants. J Hepatol. 2004;21(2):250–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Komada K, Sugiyama M, Vongphrachanh P, Xeuatvongsa A, Khamphaphongphane B, et al. Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B, as determined from dried blood spots, among children and their mothers in Central Lao People's Democratic Republic: a multistage, stratified cluster sampling survey. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;36:21–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salama II, Sami SM, Said ZNA, El-Sayed MH, El Etreby LA, et al. Effectiveness of hepatitis B virus vaccination program in Egypt: multicenter national project. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(22):2418.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lao TT, Sahota DS, Law L-W, Cheng YK, Leung T-Y. Age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in young pregnant women, Hong Kong special administrative region of China. Bull World Health Organ. 2014;92:782–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ageely H, Mahfouz MS, Gaffar A, Elmakki E, Elhassan I, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional health facility based study. Health. 2015;7:459–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Hontelez JA, Hahné S, Koedijk FH, de Melker HE. Effectiveness and impact of hepatitis B virus vaccination of children with at least one parent born in a hepatitis B virus endemic country: an early assessment. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010;64(10):890–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kitau R, Datta SS, Patel MK, Hennessey K, Wannemuehler K, et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence among children in Papua New Guinea, 2012–2013. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2015;92(3):501–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bwogi J, Braka F, Makumbi I, Mishra V, Bakamutumaho B, et al. Hepatitis B infection is highly endemic in Uganda: findings from a national serosurvey. African health sciences. 2009;9(2).
Huma Q, Najma J, Syed EA, Khalif M. The evidence of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Pakistan and the need for hepatitis B immunization policy change. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(4):401–5.
Google Scholar
Tabor E, Gerety RJ. Hepatitis B virus infection in infants and toddlers in Nigeria: the need for early intervention. J Pediatr. 2009;95(4):647–50.
Article
Google Scholar
Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey; final draft report. Addis Ababa Ethiopia. ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA. 2011.
Lin Y-C, Chang M-H, Ni Y-H, Hsu H-Y, Chen D-S. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of universal hepatitis B virus vaccination in Taiwan. J Infect Dis. 2003;187(1):134–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat. 2004;11(2):97–107.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Zanetti AR, Van Damme P, Shouval D. The global impact of vaccination against hepatitis B: a historical overview. Vaccine. 2008;26(49):6266–73.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amsalu A, Ferede G, Eshetie S, Tadewos A, Assegu D. Prevalence, infectivity, and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Yirgalem hospital. Implication of Screening to Control Mother-to-Child Transmission. Journal of pregnancy: Ethiopia; 2018.
Google Scholar
Razavi-Shearer D, Gamkrelidze I, Blach S, Brandon S, Estes C, et al. THU-097 - the global prevalence of HBsAg by age in 2016 and the case for universal treatment in low and middle income countries. J Hepatol. 2018;68:S169.
Article
Google Scholar