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  1. Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide, yet the determinants of death are not well understood. We sought to determine risk factors for mortality during treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuber...

    Authors: Payam Nahid, Leah G Jarlsberg, Irina Rudoy, Bouke C de Jong, Alon Unger, L Masae Kawamura, Dennis H Osmond, Philip C Hopewell and Charles L Daley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Encephalitis is an acute clinical syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS), often associated with fatal outcome or permanent damage, including cognitive and behavioural impairment, affective disorders and ...

    Authors: Jemila S Hamid, Christopher Meaney, Natasha S Crowcroft, Julia Granerod and Joseph Beyene
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:364
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Oral vancomycin (125 mg qid) is recommended as treatment of severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Higher doses (250 or 500 mg qid) are sometimes recommended for patients with very severe CDI, without supp...

    Authors: Milagros Gonzales, Jacques Pepin, Eric H Frost, Julie C Carrier, Stephanie Sirard, Louis-Charles Fortier and Louis Valiquette
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:363
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. New diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) present important opportunities to detect and treat HIV. Rates of HIV and TB in Indonesia's easternmost Papua Province exceed national figures, but data on co-infection rates...

    Authors: Gysje J Pontororing, Enny Kenangalem, Dina B Lolong, Govert Waramori, Sandjaja, Emiliana Tjitra, Ric N Price, Paul M Kelly, Nicholas M Anstey and Anna P Ralph
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:362
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between trends in CD4 counts (slope) and HIV viral load (VL) after initiation of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in Asian patients in The TREAT...

    Authors: Jialun Zhou, Thira Sirisanthana, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Yi-Ming A Chen, Ning Han, Poh_Lian Lim, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Jun Yong Choi, Tuti Parwati Merati, Evy Yunihastuti, Shinichi Oka, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Praphan Phanuphak, Christopher KC Lee, Patrick CK Li, Sanjay Pujari…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:361
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6 and 11 account for 90 percent of anogenital warts (AGW). Assessment of a potential reduction of the incidence of AGW following introduction of HPV vaccines requires populati...

    Authors: Angela A Kraut, Tania Schink, Renate Schulze-Rath, Rafael T Mikolajczyk and Edeltraut Garbe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:360
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. U.S. population studies show herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence levelling by approximately age 30, suggesting few new infections after that age. It is unclear whether this pattern is driven by ...

    Authors: Greta R Bauer, Nooshin Khobzi and Todd A Coleman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:359
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Concomitant infections may influence HIV progression by causing chronic activation leading to decline in T-cell function. In the Americas, visceral (AVL) and tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) have emerged as imp...

    Authors: Joanna R Santos-Oliveira, Carmem BW Giacoia-Gripp, Priscilla Alexandrino de Oliveira, Valdir S Amato, Jose Ângelo L Lindoso, Hiro Goto, Manoel P Oliveira-Neto, Marise S Mattos, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Mariza G Morgado and Alda M Da-Cruz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:358
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The standard three-dose schedule of hepatitis B vaccines is frequently not completed, especially in adolescents. A primary study has confirmed the equivalence of a two-dose schedule of an Adult formulation of hep...

    Authors: Pierre Van Damme, Anna Moiseeva, Igor Marichev, Anne-Diane Kervyn, Robert Booy, Sherine Kuriyakose, Andrew Brockway, Su-Peing Ng, Maarten Leyssen and Jeanne-Marie Jacquet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:357
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Dengue is now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropics. We conducted the first ex vivo study of dengue fever (DF) in African patients infected during the first Gabonese dengue virus 2 (DE...

    Authors: Pierre Becquart, Nadia Wauquier, Dieudonné Nkoghe, Angélique Ndjoyi-Mbiguino, Cindy Padilla, Marc Souris and Eric M Leroy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:356
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Corynebacterium mucifaciens has been mainly isolated from skin, blood and from other normally-sterile body fluids. It has rarely been described as a human pathogen since its description.

    Authors: Félix Djossou, Marie-Christine Bézian, Daniel Moynet, Anne Le Flèche-Matéos and Denis Malvy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:355
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. Currently, T-cell based gamma interferon (IFNγ) release assays (IGRAs) are acknowledged as the best methods available for the screening of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and also as aid for the diagnosis...

    Authors: Mengistu Legesse, Gobena Ameni, Gezahegne Mamo, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The clinical diagnosis of encephalitis is often difficult and identification of a causative organism is infrequent. The encephalitis syndrome may herald the emergence of novel pathogens with outbreak potential...

    Authors: Clare Huppatz, Yash Gawarikar, Chris Levi, Paul M Kelly, David Williams, Craig Dalton, Peter Massey, Rodney Givney and David N Durrheim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:353
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. In Greece, fusidic acid and clindamycin are commonly used for the empiric therapy of suspected staphylococcal infections.

    Authors: George D Katopodis, Ioanna N Grivea, Angeliki J Tsantsaridou, Spyros Pournaras, Efi Petinaki and George A Syrogiannopoulos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:351
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory tract infection and is increasingly being associated with other diseases such as asthma and extra-pulmonary complications. Considerable cross-reactivity...

    Authors: Irum Tabassum, Rama Chaudhry, Bishwanath Kumar Chourasia and Pawan Malhotra
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:350
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Many studies using DNA fingerprinting to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains reveal single strains in cultures, suggesting that most disease is caused by infection with a single strain. However...

    Authors: Katherine R Dickman, Lydia Nabyonga, David P Kateete, Fred A Katabazi, Benon B Asiimwe, Harriet K Mayanja, Alphonse Okwera, Christopher Whalen and Moses L Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:349
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of progression to active tuberculosis following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The objective of the study was to determin...

    Authors: Irene Latorre, Xavier Martínez-Lacasa, Roser Font, Alicia Lacoma, Jordi Puig, Cristina Tural, Josep Lite, Cristina Prat, Eva Cuchi, Vicente Ausina and Jose Domínguez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. In October 2007, the working group CEN/TC 216 of the European Committee for standardisation suggested that the Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine type 1 strain (LSc-2ab) presently used for virucidal tests should be...

    Authors: Maren Eggers, Elena Terletskaia-Ladwig, Holger F Rabenau, Hans W Doerr, Sabine Diedrich, Gisela Enders and Martin Enders
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:347
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Brucellosis is an endemic infection in Georgia. We conducted a review of patient records with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of brucellosis over three decades at the central referral hospital for brucellos...

    Authors: Tamar Akhvlediani, Danielle V Clark, Giulen Chubabria, Otar Zenaishvili and Matthew J Hepburn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:346
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Treponema denticola is an oral spirochete involved in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. Of its virulence factors, the major surface protein (MSP) plays a role in the interaction between th...

    Authors: Paolo Gaibani, Maria Teresa Pellegrino, Giada Rossini, Gualtiero Alvisi, Luisa Miragliotta, Carlo Prati and Vittorio Sambri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:345
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The yield of mycobacterial blood cultures for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) among drug-resistant TB suspects has not been described.

    Authors: Scott K Heysell, Tania A Thomas, Neel R Gandhi, Anthony P Moll, François J Eksteen, Yacoob Coovadia, Lynette Roux, Palav Babaria, Umesh Lalloo, Gerald Friedland and Sarita Shah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:344
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Finnish and Swedish waste water systems used by the forest industry were found to be exceptionally heavily contaminated with legionellae in 2005.

    Authors: Jaana Kusnetsov, Liisa-Kaarina Neuvonen, Timo Korpio, Søren A Uldum, Silja Mentula, Tuula Putus, Nhu Nguyen Tran Minh and Kari-Pekka Martimo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:343
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. An increasing number of reports are calling our attention to the worldwide spread of leishmaniasis. The urbanization of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been observed in different South American countr...

    Authors: Israel Cruz, Lucrecia Acosta, Mariana N Gutiérrez, Javier Nieto, Carmen Cañavate, Jorge Deschutter and Fernando J Bornay-Llinares
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:342
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The efficacy and safety of a single dose of ampicillin/sulbactam compared to a single dose of cefuroxime at cord clamp for prevention of post-cesarean infectious morbidity has not been assessed.

    Authors: Eleftherios Ziogos, Sotirios Tsiodras, Ioannis Matalliotakis, Helen Giamarellou and Kyriaki Kanellakopoulou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:341
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Several studies have compared nasal swabs to the more invasive nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) for detection of respiratory viruses. Mostly, the comparisons have been performed on immunocompetent children with u...

    Authors: Lars Öhrmalm, Michelle Wong, Maria Rotzén-Östlund, Oscar Norbeck, Kristina Broliden and Thomas Tolfvenstam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Responding to the high burden of cholera in developing countries, the WHO now considers vaccination as a supplement to the provision of safe drinking water and improved sanitation in the strategy for cholera c...

    Authors: Christian Schaetti, Ahmed M Khatib, Said M Ali, Raymond Hutubessy, Claire-Lise Chaignat and Mitchell G Weiss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:339
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Promising clinical data and significant antigen-sparing have been demonstrated for a pandemic H5N1 influenza split-virion vaccine adjuvanted with AS03A, an α-tocopherol-containing oil-in-water emulsion-based Adju...

    Authors: Hideaki Nagai, Hideyuki Ikematsu, Kazuyoshi Tenjinbaru, Atsushi Maeda, Mamadou Dramé and François P Roman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:338
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Most current guidelines recommend two serological tests to diagnose chronic Chagas disease. When serological tests are persistently inconclusive, some guidelines recommend molecular tests. The aim of this inve...

    Authors: Pedro EAA Brasil, Liane De Castro, Alejandro M Hasslocher-Moreno, Luiz HC Sangenis and José U Braga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) serotype (Ia, Ib, II-IX) correlates with pathogen virulence and clinical prognosis. Epidemiological studies of seroprevalence are an important metric for determining the proportion of ...

    Authors: Danielle L Ippolito, Wesley A James, Deborah Tinnemore, Raywin R Huang, Mary J Dehart, Julie Williams, Mark A Wingerd and Samandra T Demons
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:336
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Mycoplasma hominis is a fastidious micro-organism causing systemic infections in the neonate and genital infections in the adult. It can also be the cause of serious extra-genital infections, mainly in immunosup...

    Authors: Andres Pascual, Marie-Helene Perez, Katia Jaton, Gaudenz Hafen, Stefano Di Bernardo, Jacques Cotting, Gilbert Greub and Bernard Vaudaux
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:335
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Hypoglycaemia is an independent risk factor for death in severe malaria and a recognized adverse treatment effect of parenteral quinine. In 2006 our hospital changed quinine treatment policy from 15 mg/kg load...

    Authors: Gilbert N Ogetii, Samuel Akech, Julie Jemutai, Mwanamvua Boga, Esther Kivaya, Greg Fegan and Kathryn Maitland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. blood cytokines and chemokines have been proposed as biomarkers for tuberculosis (TB). Recently, some immune mediators found in the urine of patients with renal dysfunctions have also been suggested as potenti...

    Authors: Angela Cannas, Ludovica Calvo, Teresa Chiacchio, Gilda Cuzzi, Valentina Vanini, Francesco N Lauria, Luigia Pucci, Enrico Girardi and Delia Goletti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:333
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Leptospirosis is becoming a major public health threat in Sri Lanka as well as in other countries. We designed a case control study to determine the factors associated with local transmission of leptospirosis ...

    Authors: Suneth B Agampodi, Dhanaseela B Nugegoda and Vasanthi Thevanesam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:332
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. Several active ingredients proposed as vaginal microbicides have been shown paradoxically to increase susceptibility to infection in mouse genital herpes (HSV-2) vaginal susceptibility models and in clinical tria...

    Authors: Thomas R Moench, Russell J Mumper, Timothy E Hoen, Mianmian Sun and Richard A Cone
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:331
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Europeans represent the majority of international travellers and clinicians encountering returned patients have an essential role in recognizing, and communicating travel-associated public health risks.

    Authors: Vanessa Field, Philippe Gautret, Patricia Schlagenhauf, Gerd-Dieter Burchard, Eric Caumes, Mogens Jensenius, Francesco Castelli, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Leisa Weld, Rogelio Lopez-Velez, Peter de Vries, Frank von Sonnenburg, Louis Loutan and Philippe Parola
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:330
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. High rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) are undermining rapidly expanding antiretroviral treatment (ART) services in sub-Saharan Africa. The intelligent dispensing of ART (iDART) is an open-source electronic ph...

    Authors: Mweete D Nglazi, Richard Kaplan, Robin Wood, Linda-Gail Bekker and Stephen D Lawn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:329
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. There are few studies in Brazil that address baseline prevalence of MRSA colonization and associated risk factors at hospital admission, or the incidence of nosocomial colonization. We report a prospective stu...

    Authors: Helena B Santos, Denise P Machado, Suzi A Camey, Ricardo S Kuchenbecker, Afonso L Barth and Mário B Wagner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) strain diversity varies across different regions of the world, according to low versus high-income countries. These differences may be related to geographic, environmental, socioeconom...

    Authors: Sara Y Tartof, Joice N Reis, Aurelio N Andrade, Regina T Ramos, Mitermayer G Reis and Lee W Riley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. HPV burden is a predictor for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. The natural history of HPV load in young women being recently exposed to HPV is described in this paper.

    Authors: Agnihotram V Ramanakumar, Otelinda Goncalves, Harriet Richardson, Pierre Tellier, Alex Ferenczy, François Coutlée and Eduardo L Franco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability and uptake of on-campus screening using a youth friendly approach in two Third Level higher education institutions (HEIs). This study is part of wider rese...

    Authors: Deirdre Vaughan, Emer O'Connell, Martin Cormican, Ruairi Brugha, Colette Faherty, Myles Balfe and Diarmuid O'Donovan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:325
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Listeria monocytogenes is the third most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis. The aim of this study is to know the incidence and risk factors associated with development of acute community-acquired Lm meningi...

    Authors: Rosario Amaya-Villar, Emilio García-Cabrera, Elena Sulleiro-Igual, Pedro Fernández-Viladrich, Dionisi Fontanals-Aymerich, Pilar Catalán-Alonso, Carlos Rodrigo-Gonzalo de Liria, Ana Coloma-Conde, Fabio Grill-Díaz, Antonio Guerrero-Espejo, Jerónimo Pachón and Guillén Prats-Pastor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Variations of porB1A and porB1B genes and their serotypes exist in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from different geographical areas, and some site mutations in the porB1B gene correlate with drug resistance.

    Authors: Aihua Sun, Xingli Fan, Ye Gu, Peng Du, Renxian Tang, Yafei Mao, Xuai Lin and Jie Yan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:323
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Health care workers (HCWs) presented frequent concerns regarding their health and their families' health and high levels of psychological distress during previous disease outbreaks, such as the SARS outbreak, ...

    Authors: Panagiota Goulia, Christos Mantas, Danai Dimitroula, Dimitrios Mantis and Thomas Hyphantis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. The advent of antiretroviral therapy restores immunity in HIV-infected patients, but predisp...

    Authors: Jiun-Nong Lin, Chung-Hsu Lai, Yen-Hsu Chen, Lin-Li Chang, Susan Shin-Jung Lee and Hsi-Hsun Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:321
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Influenza-like illness (ILI) is often defined as fever (>38.0°C) with cough or sore throat. In this study, we tested the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of this case defin...

    Authors: Matthew R Kasper, Thomas F Wierzba, Ly Sovann, Patrick J Blair and Shannon D Putnam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment of pneumonia in African children in the absence of diagnostic means such as x-ray facilities or microbiological laboratories relies primarily on clinical symptoms pres...

    Authors: Norbert G Schwarz, Nimako Sarpong, Frank Hünger, Florian Marks, Samuel EK Acquah, Alex Agyekum, Bernard Nkrumah, Wibke Loag, Ralf M Hagen, Jennifer A Evans, Denise Dekker, Julius N Fobil, Christian G Meyer, Jürgen May and Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:319
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The mortality in patients with persistent low CD4 count despite several years of HAART with sustained viral suppression is poorly documented. We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery an...

    Authors: Frederik N Engsig, Jan Gerstoft, Gitte Kronborg, Carsten S Larsen, Gitte Pedersen, Birgit Røge, Janne Jensen, Lars N Nielsen and Niels Obel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Serological testing for Lyme borreliosis (LB) is frequently requested by general practitioners for patients with a wide variety of symptoms.

    Authors: Ram B Dessau, Jette M Bangsborg, Tove Ejlertsen, Sigurdur Skarphedinsson and Henrik C Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:317
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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