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  2. In high incidence settings, the majority of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) transmission occurs outside the household. Little is known about where people’s indoor contacts occur outside the household, and how t...

    Authors: Nicky McCreesh, Clare Looker, Peter J. Dodd, Ian D. Plumb, Kwame Shanaube, Monde Muyoyeta, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Helen Ayles and Richard G. White
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is highly endemic in mainland China, where human cases account for 90 % of the total global cases. Yiyuan County is one of the most serious affected areas in China....

    Authors: Tao Wang, Jie Liu, Yunping Zhou, Feng Cui, Zhenshui Huang, Ling Wang and Shenyong Zhai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon affliction in adolescence. It is usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The disease is caused by lymphohaematogenous spread after primary infection in the lu...

    Authors: Sze Li Siow, Hon Leong Sha and Chee Ming Wong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:68
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a public health problem in India. Neuroinfections are believed to be the most important etiology. Minocycline is a semisythetic tetracycline having excellent penetration in...

    Authors: Rashmi Kumar, Anirban Basu, Subrata Sinha, Manoj Das, Piyush Tripathi, Amita Jain, Chandrakanta Kumar, Virendra Atam, Saima Khan and Amit Shanker Singh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Document seasonality occurrence and epidemiologic characteristics of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections during a 10-year period from patients consulting at the University Hospital, Honduras.

    Authors: Rina Girard Kaminsky, Javier Lagos, Gabriela Raudales Santos and Samuel Urrutia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC) conducts comprehensive population-based surveillance of pregnancies in women with HIV infection in the United Kingdom/Ireland. Use of antepartum ant...

    Authors: Pat A. Tookey, Claire Thorne, Jean van Wyk and Michael Norton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection continue to occur in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to identify when and where human H5N1 cases have occurred in Vietn...

    Authors: Toshie Manabe, Kazue Yamaoka, Toshiro Tango, Nguyen Gia Binh, Dao Xuan Co, Nguyen Dang Tuan, Shinyu Izumi, Jin Takasaki, Ngo Quy Chau and Koichiro Kudo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Male sex workers (MSW) are particularly exposed to sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV. In the Netherlands, data about STI among MSW are scarce. We estimated chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and...

    Authors: N. Fournet, F. D. H. Koedijk, A. P. van Leeuwen, M. S. van Rooijen, M. A. B. van der Sande and M. G. van Veen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Rabies is a global problem which occurs in more than 150 countries and territories including Sri Lanka, where human deaths from rabies are in decline whilst resources incurred for prevention of rabies are in s...

    Authors: Senanayake Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Kularatne, Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Priyantha Udaya Kumara Ralapanawa, Koasala Weerakoon, Usha Kumari Bokalamulla and Nanada Abagaspitiya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) has been shown to be an accurate biomarker for discriminating bacterial from viral infections in febrile patients in Southeast Asia. Here we investigate the accuracy of existing rapid ...

    Authors: Koukeo Phommasone, Thomas Althaus, Phonesavanh Souvanthong, Khansoudaphone Phakhounthong, Laxoy Soyvienvong, Phatthaphone Malapheth, Mayfong Mayxay, Rebecca L. Pavlicek, Daniel H. Paris, David Dance, Paul Newton and Yoel Lubell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:61
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  13. Trachoma, a preventable blinding eye disease, is initiated by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). We previously showed that microRNAs (miR) -147b and miR-1285 were up-regulated in inflammatory trach...

    Authors: Tamsyn Derrick, Anna R. Last, Sarah E. Burr, Chrissy h. Roberts, Meno Nabicassa, Eunice Cassama, Robin L. Bailey, David C. W. Mabey, Matthew J. Burton and Martin J. Holland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Survey of patients exiting health facilities is a common way to assess consultation practices. It is, however, unclear to what extent health professionals may change their practices when they are aware of such...

    Authors: Baptiste Leurent, Hugh Reyburn, Florida Muro, Hilda Mbakilwa and David Schellenberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa may be at a high risk of staying on a failing first-line regimen and developing drug-resistance HIV variants due to lack of routine viral load monitoring. We investi...

    Authors: Omobolawa Kukoyi, Lorna Renner, Jonathan Powell, Oliver Barry, Meghan Prin, Jonas Kusah, Xiangyu Cong and Elijah Paintsil
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides) are widely distributed in developing countries where they infect over 230 million and 1.5 billion people,...

    Authors: Kariuki H. Njaanake, Birgitte J. Vennervald, Paul E. Simonsen, Henry Madsen, Dunstan A. Mukoko, Gachuhi Kimani, Walter G. Jaoko and Benson B. Estambale
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Efavirenz, widely used as part of antiretroviral drug regimens in the treatment of paediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection, has central nervous system side effects. We describe four children presenti...

    Authors: Francoise Pinillos, Collet Dandara, Marelize Swart, Renate Strehlau, Louise Kuhn, Faeezah Patel, Ashraf Coovadia and Elaine Abrams
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:56
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. Viral infections such as influenza are thought to impact respiratory parameters and to promote infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the real morbidity of the influ...

    Authors: Julie Bucher, Pierre-Yves Boelle, Dominique Hubert, Muriel Lebourgeois, Nathalie Stremler, Isabelle Durieu, François Bremont, Eric Deneuville, Bertrand Delaisi, Harriet Corvol, Laurence Bassinet, Dominique Grenet, Natacha Remus, Marie Véronique Vodoff, Véronique Boussaud, Françoise Troussier…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Influenza virus (IFV) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with underlying lung disease. Treatment options for IFV are currently limited and antiviral resistance is a growin...

    Authors: Rhonda E. Colombo, Charles Fiorentino, Lori E. Dodd, Sally Hunsberger, Carissa Haney, Kevin Barrett, Linda Nabha, Richard T. Davey Jr. and Kenneth N. Olivier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) is a pre-malignancy that presents with lymphadenopathy and features of systemic inflammation. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated MCD is associated with human h...

    Authors: Stephanie Anderson, Sarah C. Sasson, Frederick J. Lee, Wendy Cooper, Stephen Larsen and Roger Garsia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:53
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination targeting females 12–13 years commenced in Australia in 2007, with catch-up of females 13–26 years until the end of 2009. No analyses of HPV vaccination program impact by...

    Authors: Megan A. Smith, Bette Liu, Peter McIntyre, Robert Menzies, Aditi Dey and Karen Canfell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. In 2010, to reduce late HIV diagnosis, the French national health agency endorsed non-targeted HIV screening in health care settings. Despite these recommendations, non-targeted screening has not been implemen...

    Authors: Judith Leblanc, Alexandra Rousseau, Gilles Hejblum, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Pierre de Truchis, France Lert, Dominique Costagliola, Tabassome Simon and Anne-Claude Crémieux
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:51
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. The risk of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors associated w...

    Authors: Wan Soo Kim, Sang Soo Lee, Chang Min Lee, Hong Jun Kim, Chang Yoon Ha, Hyun Jin Kim, Tae Hyo Kim, Woon Tae Jung, Ok Jae Lee, Jeong Woo Hong, Hyun Seon You and Hyun Chin Cho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus remains a serious problem in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Higher failure rates were reported when vancomycin was used in 2-stage exchange arthroplast...

    Authors: Feng-Chih Kuo, Shih-Hsiang Yen, Kuo-Ti Peng, Jun-Wen Wang and Mel S. Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Accurate quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is critical for diagnosis of acute or chronic HCV infection, and for follow-up of virologic response during HCV targeted therapy. In the present s...

    Authors: Xiangbo Huang, Zhongping Deng, Lu Long, Jinjun Chen, Deming Tan, Liyan Zhu, Xueying Fan, Tao Shen and Fengmin Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. However, the sensitivities of warning signs (WSs) for identifying severe dengue in adults are low, and the utility of lactate levels for identi...

    Authors: Vipa Thanachartwet, Anan Wattanathum, Nittha Oer-areemitr, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, Duangjai Sahassananda, Chalida Monpassorn, Manoon Surabotsophon and Varunee Desakorn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis deaths have decreased worldwide over the past decade. We sought to evaluate the effect of HIV status on tuberculosis mortality among patients undergoi...

    Authors: Gustavo E. Velásquez, J. Peter Cegielski, Megan B. Murray, Martin J. A. Yagui, Luis L. Asencios, Jaime N. Bayona, César A. Bonilla, Hector O. Jave, Gloria Yale, Carmen Z. Suárez, Eduardo Sanchez, Christian Rojas, Sidney S. Atwood, Carmen C. Contreras, Janeth Santa Cruz and Sonya S. Shin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), antiretroviral therapy (ART) can prolong life for HIV-infected patients. However, patients initiating ART, especially in routine treatment programs, commonly dropout from care eith...

    Authors: Stephen B. Asiimwe, Michael Kanyesigye, Bosco Bwana, Samson Okello and Winnie Muyindike
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. This is the first report of anisakiasis in a Croatian patient, evidenced from an archival paraffin-embedded and hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue section. Anisakiasis has been only suspected in the country base...

    Authors: Ivona Mladineo, Marijana Popović, Irena Drmić-Hofman and Vedran Poljak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:42
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. The aim of this study is to investigate predictive factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission among patients with severe leptospirosis.

    Authors: Elizabeth De Francesco Daher, Douglas Sousa Soares, Anna Tereza Bezerra de Menezes Fernandes, Marília Maria Vasconcelos Girão, Pedro Randal Sidrim, Eanes Delgado Barros Pereira, Natalia Albuquerque Rocha and Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Jr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Infectious intestinal disease (IID) is an important cause of morbidity in developed countries and a frequent reason for general practitioner (GP) consultation. In recent years polymerase chain reaction (PCR) b...

    Authors: Alwin Schierenberg, Martine D. Nipshagen, Berna D. L. Broekhuizen, Alma C. van de Pol, Patricia C. J. Bruijning-Verhagen, Johannes G. Kusters, Rob Schuurman, Sanne van Delft, Marie-Josée J. Mangen, Niek J. de Wit and Marc J. M. Bonten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:39
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. Co-infection of different influenza A viruses is known to occur but how viruses interact within co-infection remains unknown. An outbreak in a college campus during the 2009 pandemic involved two subtypes of i...

    Authors: Xu-Sheng Zhang and Daniela De Angelis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Early diagnosis of dengue infection is important for decision-making and timely implementation of therapeutic measures. Although rapid NS1 assays have been used for dengue diagnosis since 2008, their performan...

    Authors: Sibelle Nogueira Buonora, Sonia Regina Lambert Passos, Cleber Nascimento do Carmo, Fernanda Moisés Quintela, Diana Neves Rodrigues de Oliveira, Flavia Barreto dos Santos, Yara Hahr Marques Hökerberg, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira and Regina Paiva Daumas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The control of typhoid fever being an important public health concern in low and middle income countries, improving typhoid surveillance will help in planning and implementing typhoid control activities such a...

    Authors: Vittal Mogasale, Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale, Enusa Ramani, Jung Seok Lee, Ju Yeon Park, Kang Sung Lee and Thomas F. Wierzba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The occurrence of non-contiguous, multiple, and remote involvement tuberculous spondylitis is rare. The clinical presentation in patients with multifocal musculoskeletal tuberculosis may closely mimic that in ...

    Authors: Meiping Ye, Jinwei Huang, Jie Wang, Jianmin Ren, Jianfei Tu, Weibo You and Taohui Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:34
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 5 is among the most common serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in The Gambia. We anticipate that introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (P...

    Authors: Eta E. Ashu, Sheikh Jarju, Michel Dione, Grant Mackenzie, Usman N. Ikumapayi, Ahmed Manjang, Romuladus Azuine and Martin Antonio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Singapore’s diarrhoeal notification system is based on specific pathogens. Official data may thus be skewed towards notifiable diseases. Limited information is available on the profiles of aetiological agents ...

    Authors: Man Ling Chau, Sri Harminda Pahm Hartantyo, Min Yap, Joanne Su Lin Kang, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ramona Alikiiteaga Gutiérrez, Lee Ching Ng, Clarence C. Tam and Timothy Barkham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Although the isolation of clarithromycin (CAM)-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) indicates a poor treatment outcome and increased mortality, there have been only a few reports on drug treatment for C...

    Authors: Tsukasa Kadota, Hirotoshi Matsui, Takashi Hirose, Junko Suzuki, Minako Saito, Tomohiro Akaba, Kouichi Kobayashi, Shunsuke Akashi, Masahiro Kawashima, Atsuhisa Tamura, Hideaki Nagai, Shinobu Akagawa, Nobuyuki Kobayashi and Ken Ohta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Artemether-lumefantrine is currently the most widely recommended treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Lopinavir–based antiretroviral therapy is the commonly recommended second-line HIV treatment. Artemether and...

    Authors: T. Kredo, K. Mauff, L. Workman, J. S. Van der Walt, L. Wiesner, P. J. Smith, G. Maartens, K. Cohen and K. I. Barnes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common vector-borne viral infection worldwide with approximately 390 million cases and 25,000 reported deaths each year. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules re...

    Authors: Jorge Andrés Castillo, Juan Camilo Castrillón, Mayra Diosa-Toro, Juan Guillermo Betancur, Georges St Laurent III, Jolanda M. Smit and Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are among the most common bacterial causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. These pathogens are not sought routinely and capacity for their detection ...

    Authors: Babatunde W. Odetoyin, Jennifer Hofmann, Aaron O. Aboderin and Iruka N. Okeke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors(KIR) interact with Human Leukocyte Antigen(HLA) to modify natural killer- and T-cell function. KIR are implicated in HIV acquisition by small studies that have not bee...

    Authors: V. Naranbhai, D. de Assis Rosa, L. Werner, R. Moodley, H. Hong, A. Kharsany, K. Mlisana, S. Sibeko, N. Garrett, D. Chopera, W. H. Carr, Q. Abdool Karim, A. V. S. Hill, S. S. Abdool Karim, M. Altfeld, C. M. Gray…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) is promoted as a means to increase HIV case finding. We assessed the effectiveness of PITC to increase HIV testing rate and HIV case finding among outpatie...

    Authors: Felix R. Kayigamba, Daniëla Van Santen, Mirjam I. Bakker, Judith Lammers, Veronicah Mugisha, Emmanuel Bagiruwigize, Ludwig De Naeyer, Anita Asiimwe and Maarten F. Schim Van Der Loeff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Although pertussis has been considered a disease of childhood, it is also recognized as an important respiratory tract infection in adolescents and adults. However, in countries with routine vaccination agains...

    Authors: Nirada Siriyakorn, Pornvimol Leethong, Terapong Tantawichien, Saowalak Sripakdee, Anusak Kerdsin, Surang Dejsirilert and Leilani Paitoonpong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) can co-exist in pharyngeal and cervical malignancies. However, the natural history and factors associated with persistent HPV infection among HIV-infecte...

    Authors: Sara Gianella, Christine C. Ginocchio, Eric S. Daar, Michael P. Dube and Sheldon R. Morris
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is reported to infect about a third of the world’s population but only 10 % are thought to develop active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Host immunity regulated by human leukocyte ant...

    Authors: Dan Wamala, Helen Koyokoyo Buteme, Samuel Kirimunda, Gunilla Kallenius and Moses Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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BMC Infectious Diseases

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