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  1. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important global cause of severe acute respiratory infections in young children and the elderly. The epidemiology of HMPV in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly described and factor...

    Authors: Betty E. Owor, Geoffrey N. Masankwa, Lilian C. Mwango, Regina W. Njeru, Charles N. Agoti and D. James Nokes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:301
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Dengue resurged in Singapore during 2013-14, causing an outbreak with unprecedented number of cases in the country. In the present study, we summarise the epidemiological, virological and entomological finding...

    Authors: Hapuarachchige Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Carmen Koo, Jayanthi Rajarethinam, Chee-Seng Chong, Cui Lin, Grace Yap, Lilac Liu, Yee-Ling Lai, Peng Lim Ooi, Jeffery Cutter and Lee-Ching Ng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:300
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be categorised into viral, typical and atypical (Legionella species, Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia species). Extensive micro...

    Authors: Vivian M. Raeven, Simone M. C. Spoorenberg, Wim G. Boersma, Ewoudt M. W. van de Garde, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, G. P. Paul Voorn, Willem Jan W. Bos and Jim E. van Steenbergen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:299
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening disease, and its incidence has increased in the recent past. Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucans and mediates innate immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus. Transcription...

    Authors: Min Wang, Zhicheng Liu, Chenyang Liu, Ting Wu, Feng Cai, Quan Wang, Xin Su and Yi Shi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:297
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality globally. However, most published studies have been conducted in developed countries where the epidemiology and ...

    Authors: Heng Gee Lee, Timothy William, Jayaram Menon, Anna P. Ralph, Eng Eong Ooi, Yan’an Hou, October Sessions and Tsin Wen Yeo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:296
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignant tumor. The etiology of ICC remains poorly understood. Recently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been implicated as a potential risk factor for IC...

    Authors: Caixia Wang, Haiyan Jing, Dan Sha, Weibo Wang, Jianpeng Chen, Yangang Cui and Junqing Han
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:295
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. We aimed to investigate mortality trends in hospitalized patients with septic shock in the US. To achieve this objective, we tested hypothesis that mortality decreased in patients identified by the code of sep...

    Authors: Tadahiro Goto, Kazuki Yoshida, Yusuke Tsugawa, Michael R. Filbin, Carlos A. Camargo Jr. and Kohei Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:294
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were designed to prevent cervical cancer in women and their provision remains a major public health need. However, HPV is also a major cause of non-cervical anogenital and o...

    Authors: Sylvia Taylor, Eveline Bunge, Marina Bakker and Xavier Castellsagué
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:293
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The outcome of leishmaniasis is an interplay between Leishamania and the host. Identifying contributory host genetic factors is complicated by the variability in phenotype, ethnicity and parasite species. Leishma...

    Authors: Nilakshi Samaranayake, Sumadhya D. Fernando, Nilaksha F. Neththikumara, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Nadira D. Karunaweera and Vajira H. W. Dissanayake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The pathogenesis of severe dengue has not been fully elucidated. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the outcome of dengue disease.

    Authors: Lingzhai Zhao, Xiuyan Huang, Wenxin Hong, Shuang Qiu, Jian Wang, Lei Yu, Yaoying Zeng, Xinghua Tan and Fuchun Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Campylobacter spp. are among the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis world-wide and mostly follow a benign course. We report two cases of Campylobacter jejuni-associated pe...

    Authors: Fredrik Hessulf, Johan Ljungberg, Per-Anders Johansson, Mats Lindgren and Johan Engdahl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:289
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. Men having sex with men (MSM) frequently use the Internet to find sex partners. We examined the association between unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with partners dated online and with partners dated offline...

    Authors: Titia Heijman, Ineke Stolte, Ronald Geskus, Amy Matser, Udi Davidovich, Maria Xiridou and Maarten Schim van der Loeff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:288
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. This study aimed to explore changes in clinical epidemiology and genotype distribution and their association among hospitalized children with rotavirus gastroenteritis after the introduction of vaccines.

    Authors: Jung Ok Shim, Ju Young Chang, Sue Shin, Jin Soo Moon and Jae Sung Ko
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:287
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, impaired renal function and thrombocytopenia, primarily affecting pre-school-aged children. HUS can be classified into ...

    Authors: Gaute Reier Jenssen, Line Vold, Eirik Hovland, Hans-Jacob Bangstad, Karin Nygård and Anna Bjerre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:285
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Early postpartum women are more likely to develop tuberculosis than nonpregnant women mainly due to immune reconstitution after delivery. Paradoxical response (PR) during antituberculosis treatment also arises...

    Authors: Tsutomu Shinohara, Kozo Kagawa, Yoshio Okano, Toru Sawada, Tooru Kobayashi, Masaya Takikawa, Yoshihito Iwahara and Fumitaka Ogushi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:284
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Hepatitis C (HCV) is a deleterious virus that can be cured with new, highly effective anti-viral treatments, yet more than 185 million individuals worldwide remain HCV positive (with the vast majority un-diagn...

    Authors: Nallely Mora, William H. Adams, Stephanie Kliethermes, Lara Dugas, Neelam Balasubramanian, Jasmin Sandhu, Helen Nde, Christina Small, Joanne Jose, Steven Scaglione and Jennifer E. Layden
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis continues to rely on sputum smear microscopy in many settings. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the percentage of children and adults with tuberculosis that are sputum smear...

    Authors: Amber Kunkel, Pia Abel zur Wiesch, Ruvandhi R. Nathavitharana, Florian M. Marx, Helen E. Jenkins and Ted Cohen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Information on reporting completeness of passive surveillance systems can improve the quality of and public health response to surveillance data and better inform public health planning. As a result, we system...

    Authors: Rachel D. Savage, Laura C. Rosella, Kevin A. Brown, Kamran Khan and Natasha S. Crowcroft
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In resource-limited settings, where resistance testing is unavailable, confirmatory testing for patients with high viral loads (VL) delays antiretroviral therapy (ART) switches for persons with resistance. We ...

    Authors: Sarah E. Rutstein, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Morris Weinberger, Stephanie B. Wheeler, Andrea K. Biddle, Carole L. Wallis, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, John W. Mellors, Mariza Morgado, Shanmugam Saravanan, Srikanth Tripathy, Saran Vardhanabhuti, Joseph J. Eron and William C. Miller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of pleural effusion and to investigate the characteristics of pleural effusion in scrub typhus.

    Authors: Hyung Ho Kim, Jong-Hoon Chung, Dong-Min Kim, Na Ra Yun, Jun Lee, Yong Eun Kwon, Sung Ho Yoon, Seung Il Lee and Mi Ah Han
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and immunodeficient long-term polio excretors constitute a significant public health burden and are a major concern for the WHO global polio eradication endgame.

    Authors: Thomas Foiadelli, Salvatore Savasta, Andrea Battistone, Majlinda Kota, Carolina Passera, Stefano Fiore, Silvia Bino, Concetta Amato, Alessandro Lozza, Gian Luigi Marseglia and Lucia Fiore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:277
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with human skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs); however, the involvement of virulence factors in different clinical presentations is unclear.

    Authors: Chih-Hsuan Changchien, Shu-Wun Chen, Ying-Ying Chen and Chishih Chu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. We investigated the molecular mechanism of ß-lactam resistance in extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterial strains isolated in neonatal units of different hospitals in Anatnanarivo, Madag...

    Authors: T. Naas, G. Cuzon, A. L. Robinson, Z. Andrianirina, P. Imbert, E. Ratsima, Z. N. Ranosiarisoa, P. Nordmann and J. Raymond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Cancer patients have a higher risk of severe sepsis in comparison with non-cancer patients, with an increased risk for hospital-acquired infections (HAI), particularly with multidrug resistant bacteria (MDRB)....

    Authors: Patricia Cornejo-Juárez, Diana Vilar-Compte, Alejandro García-Horton, Marco López-Velázquez, Silvio Ñamendys-Silva and Patricia Volkow-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of worldwide public health importance. The disease affects humans, domestic animals and wildlife. However, leptospirosis is challenging in its diagnosis in humans....

    Authors: Shabani K. Muller, Justine A. Assenga, Lucas E. Matemba, Gerald Misinzo and Rudovick R. Kazwala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Prevention and antiretroviral therapy (ART) management for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people need to have long-term health care. An empowerment focused intervention is a procedure by which HIV...

    Authors: Dharma Nand Bhatta and Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. In sub-Saharan Africa, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause bloodstream infections, referred to as invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS disease); it can occur in outbreaks and is often preceded by ...

    Authors: Dadi Falay, Laura Maria Francisca Kuijpers, Marie-France Phoba, Hilde De Boeck, Octavie Lunguya, Emmanuel Vakaniaki, Sophie Bertrand, Wesley Mattheus, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens, Raymond Vanhoof, Hugo Devlieger, Chris Van Geet, Erik Verheyen, Dauly Ngbonda and Jan Jacobs
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide, mainly after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Patient with HIV-related illness are more likely to present...

    Authors: Ana Carla Pecego, Rodrigo T. Amancio, Camila Ribeiro, Emersom C. Mesquita, Denise M. Medeiros, José Cerbino, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Fernando A. Bozza and Andre M. Japiassu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Health care associated transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is well described. A previous survey of infection control (IC) practices at clinical research sites in low and middle income countries (LMIC)...

    Authors: Catherine Godfrey, Gail Tauscher, Sally Hunsberger, Melissa Austin, Lesley Scott, Jeffrey T. Schouten, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Constance Benson, Robert Coombs and Susan Swindells
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants belong to different genotypes, A-J, whose worldwide distribution is linked with geography, probably because viral spread was associated with ancient human migrations. HBV genot...

    Authors: Marion Cornelissen, Fokla Zorgdrager, Sylvia M. Bruisten, Margreet Bakker, Ben Berkhout and Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The disease burden of influenza in China has not been well described, especially among young children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of outpatient visits associated with influenza in youn...

    Authors: Tao Zhang, Jun Zhang, Jun Hua, Dan Wang, Liling Chen, Yunfang Ding, Shanshan Zeng, Jing Wu, Yanwei Jiang, Qian Geng, Suizan Zhou, Ying Song, A. Danielle Iuliano, Carolyn M. Greene, Jeffrey McFarland and Genming Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Intensified case finding (ICF) and earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation are strategies to reduce burden of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB). We describe incidence of and associated factors for TB am...

    Authors: Tendesayi Kufa, Violet Chihota, Victor Mngomezulu, Salome Charalambous, Suzanne Verver, Gavin Churchyard and Martien Borgdorff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The C - reactive protein (CRP) response is often measured in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) yet little is known about its relationship to clinical features in TB, or whether responses differ between et...

    Authors: James Brown, Kristina Clark, Colette Smith, Jennifer Hopwood, Oliver Lynard, Michael Toolan, Dean Creer, Jack Barker, Ronan Breen, Tim Brown, Ian Cropley and Marc Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious disease requiring hospitalisation following renal transplantation. However, the risk and outcome of post-transplant pyelonephritis remains unclear.

    Authors: Mette Elneff Graversen, Lars Skov Dalgaard, Søren Jensen-Fangel, Bente Jespersen, Lars Østergaard and Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Factors related to the natural transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) to humans are still not well defined. Results of previous sero-prevalence studies suggest that circulation of EBOV in human population is commo...

    Authors: Sabue Mulangu, Matthias Borchert, Janusz Paweska, Antoine Tshomba, Afongenda Afounde, Amayo Kulidri, Robert Swanepoel, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum and Patrick Van der Stuyft
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. In 2014 only 50 % of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients achieved a successful treatment outcome. With limited options for medical treatment, surgery has re-emerged as an adjuvant therapeutic st...

    Authors: Rebecca C. Harris, Mishal S. Khan, Laura J. Martin, Victoria Allen, David A. J. Moore, Katherine Fielding and Louis Grandjean
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan causing trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted human infection, with around 276.4 million new cases estimated by World Health Organizat...

    Authors: Adriana Calderaro, Maddalena Piergianni, Sara Montecchini, Mirko Buttrini, Giovanna Piccolo, Sabina Rossi, Maria Cristina Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina Medici, Carlo Chezzi and Flora De Conto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is a major health problem especially for countries with high TB incidence such as Peru. In this study, we evaluated High Resolution Melting (HRM) assay in Peruvian ...

    Authors: Marco Galarza, Manuel Fasabi, Kelly S. Levano, Edith Castillo, Nadia Barreda, Mitzi Rodriguez and Heinner Guio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Household contacts (HHCs) of TB cases are at increased risk for TB disease compared to the general population but the risk may be modified by individual or household factors. We conducted a study to determine ...

    Authors: Larissa Otero, Lena Shah, Kristien Verdonck, Tullia Battaglioli, Timothy Brewer, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Carlos Seas and Patrick Van der Stuyft
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The clinical spectrum of leprosy is dependent on the host immune response against Mycobacterium leprae or the newly discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis antigen. Helminth infections have been shown to affect the...

    Authors: Salma Oktaria, Evita Halim Effendi, Wresti Indriatmi, Colette L. M. van Hees, Hok Bing Thio and Emmy Soedarmi Sjamsoe-Daili
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) control relies on high initiation and completion rates of preventive treatment to preclude progression to tuberculosis disease. Specific interventions may improve initiatio...

    Authors: Anke L. Stuurman, Marije Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten, Femke van Kessel, Anouk M. Oordt-Speets, Andreas Sandgren and Marieke J. van der Werf
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Listeriosis is a rare disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and mainly affects at risk people. Listeriosis can lead to sepsis, central nervous system (CNS) infections and death. The objectives of...

    Authors: C. Maertens De Noordhout, B. Devleesschauwer, A. Maertens De Noordhout, J. Blocher, J. A. Haagsma, A. H. Havelaar and N. Speybroeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Currently Norway does not recommend universal varicella vaccination for healthy children. This study assessed susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the Norwegian population for the first time.

    Authors: Grazina Rimseliene, Kirsti Vainio, Moustafa Gibory, Beatriz Valcarcel Salamanca and Elmira Flem
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in those under the age of 5 years. Rotavirus is recognized as the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children, however, the c...

    Authors: Lei Tian, Xuhui Zhu, Zhongju Chen, Weiyong Liu, Song Li, Weiting Yu, Wenqian Zhang, Xu Xiang and Ziyong Sun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Enterobacter species are important nosocomial pathogens, and there is growing concern about their ability to develop resistance during antimicrobial therapy. However, few data are avai...

    Authors: Seongman Bae, Taeeun Kim, Min-Chul Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Heungsup Sung, Young-Suk Lim, Sang-Oh Lee, Mi-Na Kim, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo and Sang-Ho Choi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:519

  49. The defining feature of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from infants and children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), derived from an earlier untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics stu...

    Authors: Shayne Mason, Carolus J. Reinecke, Willem Kulik, Arno van Cruchten, Regan Solomons and A. Marceline Tutu van Furth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Syphilis with ocular involvement has reemerged as a critical health problem. The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) status in ocular syphilis in h...

    Authors: Ting Dai, Xinjun Wu, Shaona Zhou, Qianqiu Wang and Daning Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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