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  1. Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and mainly affects individuals aged ≥50 years. The forthcoming European launch of a vaccine against HZ (Zostavax®) prompts the n...

    Authors: Sybil Pinchinat, Ana M Cebrián-Cuenca, Hélène Bricout and Robert W Johnson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. In 1872, in British Medical Journal (BMJ) Dr. David Ferrier published that Sarcina ventriculi (Goodsir) constantly occurred in the blood of man and the lower animals. His observation was based on bleeding experim...

    Authors: Tamara Tuuminen, Päivi Suomala and Sakari Vuorinen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:169
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Tuberculosis (TB) is still a great challenge to public health in sub-Saharan Africa. Most transmissions occur between the onset of coughing and initiation of treatment. Delay in diagnosis is significant to dis...

    Authors: Luigi Segagni Lusignani, Gianluca Quaglio, Andrea Atzori, Joseph Nsuka, Ross Grainger, Maria Da Conceiçao Palma, Giovanni Putoto and Fabio Manenti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Prevalence of bacteremia caused by non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) has been increasing over the past decade. Although many studies have already investigated epidemiology of NFGNB bacteremia, mo...

    Authors: Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Prapassorn Ussavasodhi, Pattarachai Kiratisin and Nalinee Aswapokee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Early identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections (BSIs) decreases morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was t...

    Authors: Liana Carballo Menezes, Talita Trevizani Rocchetti, Karen de Castro Bauab, Paola Cappellano, Milene Gonçalves Quiles, Fabianne Carlesse, Jose Salvador Rodrigues de Oliveira and Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Clinical manifestations of disease are diverse, ranging from chronic infection to acute septica...

    Authors: Yuka Hara, Chui-Yoke Chin, Rahmah Mohamed, Savithri D Puthucheary and Sheila Nathan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Despite the serious consequences of rubella infection during early pregnancy, very little is known about the rubella seroprevalence in a number of African countries including Burkina Faso.

    Authors: Marc C Tahita, Judith M Hübschen, Zekiba Tarnagda, Da Ernest, Emilie Charpentier, Jacques R Kremer, Claude P Muller and Jean B Ouedraogo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. In 2003, nosocomial infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) occurred rarely in Taiwan. Between 2003 and 2010, however, the average prevalence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci spp....

    Authors: Sai-Cheong Lee, Mi-Si Wu, Hsiang-Ju Shih, Shu-Huan Huang, Meng-Jiun Chiou, Lai-Chu See and Liang-Kee Siu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. In recent years, Nocardia farcinica has been reported to be an increasingly frequent cause of localized and disseminated infections in the immunocompromised patient. However, recent literature is limited. We repo...

    Authors: Pasquale De Nardo, Maria Letizia Giancola, Salvatore Noto, Elisa Gentilotti, Piero Ghirga, Chiara Tommasi, Rita Bellagamba, Maria Grazia Paglia, Emanuele Nicastri, Andrea Antinori and Angela Corpolongo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:162
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. Reservoirs created by damming rivers are often believed to increase malaria incidence risk and/or stretch the period of malaria transmission. In this paper, we report the effects of a mega hydropower dam on P. fa...

    Authors: Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Yehenew Getachew, Kora Tushune, Kifle W/Michael, Wondwossen Kassahun, Luc Duchateau and Niko Speybroeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin antimicrobial. Its extended antimicrobial activity and infrequent tendency to engender resistance make it popular for the treatment of infections. However, proper ...

    Authors: Shi Qingping, Ding Feng, Sang Ran, Liu Yan, Yuan HaoYu and Yu Meiling
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Nosocomial infection diagnosis in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains a challenge. We compared routine measurements of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) and temperat...

    Authors: Laurent Robriquet, Caroline Séjourné, Eric Kipnis, Michele D’herbomez and François Fourrier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The editors of BMC Infectious Diseases would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012).

    Authors: Philippa K Harris
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:50
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  14. Procalcitonin (PCT)-protocols to guide antibiotic treatment in severe infections are known to be effective. But less is known about the long-term effects of such protocols on antibiotic consumption under real ...

    Authors: Andreas Hohn, Stefan Schroeder, Anna Gehrt, Kathrin Bernhardt, Berthold Bein, Karl Wegscheider and Marcel Hochreiter
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Q fever is a zoonosis that is present in many countries. Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) is one of the most frequent sequelae after an acute Q fever infection. QFS is characterized by persistent fatigue followi...

    Authors: Stephan P Keijmel, Corine E Delsing, Tom Sprong, Gijs Bleijenberg, Jos WM van der Meer, Hans Knoop and Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:157
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Enterococci normally inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and are also a potential pathogen in causing nosocomial infections. The increase in antibiotic resistance and transfer of antibiotic resistance gene to

    Authors: Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Saira Iram, Abdul Mannan, Shujaat Ali Khan and Naeem Akhtar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Abscesses involving the inguinal region as manifestations of complex soft-tissue infections are rare, and the infectious route is usually unclear. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the importance of i...

    Authors: Wei-Hsiu Hsu, Ching-Yu Lee, Li-Ju Lai, Tsung-Yu Huang and Kuo-Ti Peng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is necessary for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). There have been relatively few systematic analyses of factors that promote or inhibit adherence to antire...

    Authors: Hoa M Do, Michael P Dunne, Masaya Kato, Cuong V Pham and Kinh V Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a disseminated protozoan infection caused by Leishmania donovani parasites which affects almost half a million persons annually. Most of these are from the Indian sub-continent, Eas...

    Authors: Ibrahim Abbasi, Samar Aramin, Asrat Hailu, Welelta Shiferaw, Aysheshm Kassahun, Shewaye Belay, Charles Jaffe and Alon Warburg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:153
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  20. Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim...

    Authors: Caterina Mammina, Antonio Parisi, Anna Guaita, Aurora Aleo, Celestino Bonura, Antonino Nastasi and Mirella Pontello
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:202

  21. Resurgence of pertussis in the post-vaccination era has been reported in Western countries. A shift of cases from school-age children to adolescents, adults and children under 1 year of age has been described ...

    Authors: Elena Chiappini, Alessia Stival, Luisa Galli and Maurizio de Martino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:151
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  22. Aggregate comorbidity scores are useful for summarizing risk and confounder control in studies of hospital-associated infections. The Chronic Disease Score – Infectious Diseases (CDS-ID) was developed for this...

    Authors: Vanessa Stevens, Cathleen Concannon, Edwin van Wijngaarden and Jessina McGregor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Poststreptococcal syndrome (PSS) can be a consequence of nonpurulent primary infection with group A streptococci (GAS). Postreptococcal uveitis is a well recognized entity with quite a few descriptions in the ...

    Authors: Iwona Rospond-Kubiak, Agata Brązert, Jarosław Kocięcki and Jan Bręborowicz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:149
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) continues to be a frequent and potentially severe infection. There is currently no validated clinical tool for use at the time of CDI diagnosis to categorize patients in o...

    Authors: Mark A Miller, Thomas Louie, Kathleen Mullane, Karl Weiss, Arnold Lentnek, Yoav Golan, Yin Kean and Pam Sears
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Candidemia is a severe fungal infection that primarily affects hospitalized and/or immunocompromised patients. Mononuclear phagocytes have been recognized as pivotal immune cells which act in the recognition o...

    Authors: Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva, James Venturini and Maria Sueli Parreira de Arruda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. In developed countries, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) represents an emerging threat in terms of morbidity and mortality rates. In our country limited CDI epidemiological data can be found.

    Authors: Stefano Di Bella, Maria Musso, Maria A Cataldo, Marcello Meledandri, Eugenio Bordi, Daniela Capozzi, Maria C Cava, Patrizia Chiaradonna, Grazia Prignano and Nicola Petrosillo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Brucellosis is a common zoonosis that can cause a severe febrile illness in humans. It constitutes a persistent health problem in many developing countries around the world. It is one of the most frequently re...

    Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Kamal, Basim Al Gashgari, Said Salama Moselhy, Taha Abdullah Kumosani and Khalid Omar Abulnaja
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most frequent clinical presentation of extra-intestinal amoebiasis. The diagnosis of ALA is typically based on the developing clinical symptoms, characteristic changes on rad...

    Authors: Tan Zi Ning, Wong Weng Kin, Rahmah Noordin, See Too Wei Cun, Foo Phiaw Chong, Zeehaida Mohamed, Alfonso Olivos-Garcia and Lim Boon Huat
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Histoplasmosis is a common opportunistic fungal infection that is observed almost exclusively in immunodeficient patients, especially those with AIDS. Immunocompetent individuals that suffer from histoplasmosi...

    Authors: Biwei Yang, Lixia Lu, Dajiang Li, Li Liu, Libin Huang, Liyu Chen, Hong Tang and Lichun Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:143
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Acinetobacter baumannii hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is associated with a high mortality worldwide. Non-ventilated patients with HAP (NVHAP) caused by nosocomial pathogens are reported to have a more favora...

    Authors: Ya-Sung Yang, Yi-Tzu Lee, Tsai-Wang Huang, Jun-Ren Sun, Shu-Chen Kuo, Chin-Hsuan Yang, Te-Li Chen, Jung-Chung Lin, Chang-Phone Fung and Feng-Yee Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Lower limb cellulitis and deep vein thrombosis share clinical features and investigation of patients with cellulitis for concurrent DVT is common. The prevalence of DVT in this group is uncertain. This study a...

    Authors: Michael J Maze, Sean Skea, Alan Pithie, Sarah Metcalf, John F Pearson and Stephen T Chambers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. There has been a rapid decline in the number of young heterosexuals diagnosed with genital warts at outpatient sexual health services since the national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program started i...

    Authors: Hammad Ali, Rebecca J Guy, Handan Wand, Tim RH Read, David G Regan, Andrew E Grulich, Christopher K Fairley and Basil Donovan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. A prolonged measles epidemic occurred in Wenzhou City, China after a nationwide measles mass immunization campaign (MMIC) in 2010. We conducted an investigation to identify factors contributing to this epidemi...

    Authors: Jie Gao, Enfu Chen, Zhigang Wang, Jichuan Shen, Hanqing He, Huilai Ma, Guang Zeng and Bao-Ping Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Involvement of trochlear nerve during Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Infection has been rarely described, and always in association with skin rash.

    Authors: Raffaella Pisapia, Alessia Rianda, Andrea Mariano, Angela Testa, Simonetta Galgani, Laura Vincenzi, Amina Abdeddaim, Alessandra Oliva and Pasquale Narciso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:138
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  35. Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are a serious threat to the national TB control programs of developing countries, and the situation is further worsened by the h...

    Authors: Sunil Sethi, Abhishek Mewara, Sunil Kumar Dhatwalia, Harpal Singh, Rakesh Yadav, Khushwinder Singh, Dheeraj Gupta, Ajay Wanchu and Meera Sharma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Investigations were conducted by the authors to explore an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) reported in 2010 from Al-Mukalla city, the capital of Hadramout in Yemen.

    Authors: Tariq A Madani, El-Tayeb ME Abuelzein, Hussein MS Al-Bar, Esam I Azhar, Moujahed Kao, Haj O Alshoeb and Alabd R Bamoosa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection is associated with the development of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination reduces the risk of developing malignant lesions and is expected to change the dynamics...

    Authors: Karl Ulrich Petry, Alexander Luyten, Annika Justus, Angelika Iftner, Sarah Strehlke, Axel Reinecke-Lüthge, Elisabeth Grunwald, Renate Schulze-Rath and Thomas Iftner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Over the last decade, major outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) have been reported in Asian countries, resulting in thousands of deaths among children. However, less is known regarding the effect...

    Authors: Yong Huang, Te Deng, Shicheng Yu, Jing Gu, Cunrui Huang, Gexin Xiao and Yuantao Hao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis remains a challenge worldwide. The Xpert MTB/RIF test, a rapid mycobacteria tuberculosis diagnostic tool, was recommended for use in children based on data from adult st...

    Authors: Moorine Penninah Sekadde, Eric Wobudeya, Moses L Joloba, Willy Ssengooba, Harriet Kisembo, Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka and Philippa Musoke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Although Ethiopia ranks seventh among the world’s 22 high-burden tuberculosis (TB) countries, little is known about strain diversity and transmission. In this study, we present the first in-depth analysis of t...

    Authors: Belay Tessema, Joerg Beer, Matthias Merker, Frank Emmrich, Ulrich Sack, Arne C Rodloff and Stefan Niemann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The distal esophagus harbors a complex bacterial population. We hypothesized that a better understanding of bacterial communities in the esophagus would facilitate understanding of the role of bacteria in esop...

    Authors: Ning Liu, Takafumi Ando, Kazuhiro Ishiguro, Osamu Maeda, Osamu Watanabe, Kohei Funasaka, Masanao Nakamura, Ryoji Miyahara, Naoki Ohmiya and Hidemi Goto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Several symptoms are classically thought to be suggestive of pertussis in children, but the diagnostic value of these symptoms in adolescent and adult patients is unclear. We evaluated the accuracy of the clin...

    Authors: Naoyuki Miyashita, Hiroto Akaike, Hideto Teranishi, Yasuhiro Kawai, Kazunobu Ouchi, Tadashi Kato, Toshikiyo Hayashi and Niro Okimoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Although cryptococcosis mainly occurs in the central nervous system and lungs in immunocompromised hosts, it can involve any body site or structure. Here we report the first case of primary cryptococcosis of a...

    Authors: Heng-Xing Zhou, Guang-Zhi Ning, Shi-Qing Feng, Hong-Wei Jia, Yang Liu, Hong-Yong Feng and Wen-Dong Ruan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:128
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus infection caused illness and death among people worldwide, particularly in hematologic/oncologic patients because influenza infected individuals can shed ...

    Authors: Caterina P Pollara, Giorgio Piccinelli, Giuseppe Rossi, Chiara Cattaneo, Francesca Perandin, Silvia Corbellini, Dolores De Tomasi and Carlo Bonfanti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Within the genus Aspergillus, A. flavus is the second most important species of clinical significance. It is predominantly associated with infections involving sinuses, eye and skin, mostly in geographic regions ...

    Authors: Faten Al-Wathiqi, Suhail Ahmad and Ziauddin Khan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. A better understanding of the quality of cellular immune responses directed against molecularly defined targets will guide the development of TB diagnostics and identification of molecularly defined, clinicall...

    Authors: Nancy Alvarez-Corrales, Raija K Ahmed, Carol A Rodriguez, Kithiganahalli N Balaji, Rebeca Rivera, Ramakrishna Sompallae, Nalini K Vudattu, Sven E Hoffner, Alimuddin Zumla, Lelany Pineda-Garcia and Markus Maeurer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) play a key role in guaranteeing care to patients in developed countries. Many patients, mostly elderly, access LTCFs at some time in their lives, and their healthcare pathways...

    Authors: Luca Arnoldo, Roberta Migliavacca, Laura Regattin, Annibale Raglio, Laura Pagani, Elisabetta Nucleo, Melissa Spalla, Francesca Vailati, Antonella Agodi, Adriana Mosca, Carla Zotti, Stefano Tardivo, Ines Bianco, Adele Rulli, Paola Gualdi, Pietro Panetta…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between older and younger tuberculosis (TB) patients in Korea.

    Authors: Yong Soo Kwon, Su Young Chi, In Jae Oh, Kyu Sik Kim, Yu Il Kim, Sung Chul Lim and Young Chul Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is considered the most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its features are not fully known in many hospitals in Brazil. We identified clinic...

    Authors: Marília M Resende, Sílvio G Monteiro, Bianca Callegari, Patrícia M S Figueiredo, Cinara R A V Monteiro and Valério Monteiro-Neto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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