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  1. Influenza often causes winter and summer epidemics in subtropical regions, but few studies have investigated the difference in healthcare seeking behavior of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) between ...

    Authors: Huaiqing Meng, Qiuyan Liao, Lorna Kwai Ping Suen, Margaret O’Donoghue, Chit Ming Wong and Lin Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:499
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program at birth has been implemented nationwide since 1992 in China. However, current HBV prevalence status in blood donors has not been entirely examined, which may impact HB...

    Authors: Zhen Wang, Jinfeng Zeng, Tingting Li, Xin Zheng, Xiaoxuan Xu, Xianlin Ye, Liang Lu, Weigang Zhu, Baocheng Yang, Jean-Pierre Allain and Chengyao Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:498
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Cupriavidus gilardii is an aerobic, Gram-negative, glucose-nonfermenting rod that was first identified in 1999. Because of the difficulty in accurate species identification of C. gilardii, there are few case repo...

    Authors: Takehito Kobayashi, Itaru Nakamura, Hiroaki Fujita, Ayaka Tsukimori, Akihiro Sato, Shinji Fukushima, Kiyofumi Ohkusu and Tetsuya Matsumoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:493
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. A previous cohort study indicated that atazanavir (ATV), a protease inhibitor used for HIV treatment, is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. The objective of this study was to ...

    Authors: Lisa Rosenblatt, Amanda M. Farr, Ella T. Nkhoma, James K. Nelson, Corey Ritchings and Stephen S. Johnston
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:492
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:547

  5. Few reports have investigated the association between human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and tuberculosis (TB) in countries where both infections are endemic. This study estimates the incidence of TB i...

    Authors: Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Normeide Pedreira dos Santos, Monique Lírio, Afrânio Lineu Kritski, Maria da Conceição Chagas Almeida, Leonardo Pereira Santana, Noilson Lázaro, Juarez Dias, Eduardo Martins Netto and Bernardo Galvão-Castro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. In critically ill patients the incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. has increased remarkably. Echinocandins are recommended as initial treatment for invasive fungal infections. The safet...

    Authors: Patrick J. van der Geest, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Sophie E. Ladage and A. B. Johan Groeneveld
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:490
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (AHCVI) outbreaks have been described recently within defined areas worldwide among HIV-infected homosexual men. This study aims to describe the cumulative frequency and...

    Authors: Karin Neukam, Pompeyo Viciana, Guillermo Ojeda-Burgos, Marcial Delgado-Fernández, María J. Ríos, Juan Macías, Dolores Merino, Antonio Collado, Francisco Téllez and Juan A. Pineda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Thymosin α1 (Tα1) as immunomodulatory treatment is supposed to be beneficial for the sepsis patients by regulating T cell subsets and inflammatory mediators. However, limited by the small sample size and the p...

    Authors: Fang Liu, Hong-Mei Wang, Tiansheng Wang, Ya-Mei Zhang and Xi Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:488
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Interaction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. The exact route of virus entry into the blood and CNS invasion has not been cle...

    Authors: Soumen Roy, Daya Pavitrakar, Rashmi Gunjikar, Vijay M. Ayachit, Vijay P. Bondre and Gajanan N. Sapkal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:487
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013.

    Authors: María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes, Teresa Rodrigo, María Neus Altet, Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Martí Casals, Antón Penas, Isabel Mir, Segismundo Solano Reina, Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda and Joan A. Caylá
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in school children in the community of Tlaltizapan, in order to understand the dynamics of infection within the ...

    Authors: Liliana Rojas, Patricia Morán, Alicia Valadez, Alejandro Gómez, Enrique González, Eric Hernández, Oswaldo Partida, Miriam Nieves, Marco Gudiño, Ulises Magaña, Javier Torres and Cecilia Ximénez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:485
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. In 2014 the Swedish government assigned to The Public Health Agency of Sweden to conduct studies to evaluate optimal use of existing antibiotic agents. The aim is to optimize drug use and dosing regimens to im...

    Authors: Gunilla Skoog, Charlotta Edlund, Christian G. Giske, Sigvard Mölstad, Christer Norman, Pär-Daniel Sundvall and Katarina Hedin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:484
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. Bacterial meningitis is not rare in post-neurosurgical patients. If patients are not treated promptly, the mortality rate can reach 20 to 50 %. The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate has been r...

    Authors: Xiong Xiao, Yang Zhang, Liwei Zhang, Peng Kang and Nan Ji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:483
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Seroprevalence data and clinical studies in children suggest that the burden of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in Africa may be underestimated. We performed a systematic review to determine the prevalence and at...

    Authors: Sean Wasserman, Mark E. Engel, Rulan Griesel and Marc Mendelson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:482
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Infections with influenza A virus cannot be clinically differentiated from infections caused by influenza B virus or other respiratory viruses. Additionally, although antiviral treatment is available for influ...

    Authors: Sevim Mese, Hulya Akan, Selim Badur and Aysun Uyanik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Given the predominance of invasive fungal disease (IFD) amongst the non-immunocompromised adult critically ill population, the potential benefit of antifungal prophylaxis and the lack of generalisable tools to...

    Authors: Jason Shahin, Elizabeth J. Allen, Krishna Patel, Hannah Muskett, Sheila E. Harvey, Jonathan Edgeworth, Christopher C. Kibbler, Rosemary A. Barnes, Sharmistha Biswas, Neil Soni, Kathryn M. Rowan and David A. Harrison
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Inflammatory response following initial improvement with anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been termed a paradoxical reaction (PR). HIV co-infection is a recognised risk, yet little is known about other pre...

    Authors: Colin Stewart Brown, Colette Joanne Smith, Ronan Angus MacCormick Breen, Lawrence Peter Ormerod, Rahul Mittal, Marie Fisk, Heather June Milburn, Nicholas Martin Price, Graham Henry Bothamley and Marc Caeroos Isaac Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:479
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. This study responds to a rural community’s concern that, despite national initiatives, malaria management in young children falls short of national guidelines in their district. This study aimed to: (1) descri...

    Authors: Rosemin Kassam, Richard Sekiwunga, John B. Collins, Juliet Tembe and Eric Liow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:478
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Shigellosis is the major cause of bloody diarrhoea worldwide and is endemic in most developing countries. In Kenya, bloody diarrhoea is reported weekly as part of priority diseases under Integrated Disease Sur...

    Authors: Charles Njuguna, Ian Njeru, Elizabeth Mgamb, Daniel Langat, Anselimo Makokha, Dismas Ongore, Evan Mathenge and Samuel Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The presence of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of several severe infections, but data on its effect on treatment outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphyloc...

    Authors: Ozlem Equils, Christopher da Costa, Michele Wible and Benjamin A. Lipsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Data containing notified cases of disease are often compromised by incomplete or partial information related to individual cases. In an effort to enhance the value of information from enteric disease notificat...

    Authors: E. Amene, B. Horn, R. Pirie, R. Lake and D. Döpfer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:475
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The protective capacities of antibodies induced with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines can be directly assessed in vitro with a Hib-specific serum bactericidal assay (SBA). However, the conventional SB...

    Authors: Han Wool Kim, Kyung-Hyo Kim, JiHye Kim and Moon H. Nahm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:473
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Leprosy incidence has reduced in recent years in Brazil, although the disease still persists as a public health problem in some regions. To investigate the trends of selected leprosy indicators in Brazilian mu...

    Authors: Lucia R. S. Freitas, Elisabeth C. Duarte and Leila P. Garcia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:472
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID) and HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Characterizing spontaneous viral clearance of HCV inf...

    Authors: Daniel J. Smith, Ashly E. Jordan, Mayu Frank and Holly Hagan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. One of the main goals of the post-2015 global tuberculosis (TB) strategy is that no families affected by TB face catastrophic costs. We revised an existing TB patient cost measurement tool to specifically also...

    Authors: Susan van den Hof, David Collins, Firdaus Hafidz, Demissew Beyene, Aigul Tursynbayeva and Edine Tiemersma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:470
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the immunological function of vitamin D3, which activates macrophages, and vitamin D deficiency has been linked to tuberculosis risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) i...

    Authors: Qunying Hu, Zhengshuai Chen, Guinian Liang, Fangping Mo, Hengxun Zhang, Shilin Xu, Yuhe Wang, Longli Kang and Tianbo Jin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:469
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Brucella species occasionally cause spontaneous human abortion. Brucella can be transmitted commonly through the ingestion of raw milk or milk products. The objective of this study was...

    Authors: Shahzad Ali, Shamim Akhter, Heinrich Neubauer, André Scherag, Miriam Kesselmeier, Falk Melzer, Iahtasham Khan, Hosny El-Adawy, Asima Azam, Saima Qadeer and Qurban Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. One important aspect in combatting resistance to antibiotics is to increase the awareness and knowledge by epidemiological studies. We therefore conducted a German-wide point-prevalence survey for multidrug re...

    Authors: Nils-Olaf Huebner, Kathleen Dittmann, Vivien Henck, Christian Wegner and Axel Kramer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:467
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infections, especially in the elderly (≥65 years). The aim of this study was to quantify hospitalization costs for CAP in different age groups and i...

    Authors: Conrad E. Vissink, Susanne M. Huijts, G. Ardine de Wit, Marc J. M. Bonten and Marie-Josée J. Mangen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:466
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:702

  31. Antimicrobial resistance is driven by multiple factors. Resolving the threat to human and animal health presented by drug-resistant infections remains a societal challenge that demands close collaboration betw...

    Authors: Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Luke S. P. Moore, Fran Husson and Alison H. Holmes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:465
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Suppurative otitis media (SOM) is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. Cases of fungal suppurative otitis media were studied to establish the effect of fungi in o...

    Authors: Martha F. Mushi, Gustave Buname, Oliver Bader, Uwe Groß and Stephen E. Mshana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Gram-negative bacilli are a cause of serious infections in the pediatric population. Carbapenem are the treatment of choice for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but the emergence...

    Authors: Johanna M. Vanegas, O. Lorena Parra and J. Natalia Jiménez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Molecular techniques are used for rapid diagnosis of BSI, allowing early therapy and improving survival. We aimed to establish...

    Authors: Fabianne Carlesse, Paola Cappellano, Milene Gonçalves Quiles, Liana Carballo Menezes, Antonio Sérgio Petrilli and Antonio Carlos Pignatari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:462
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Cervical cancer remains an important cause of cancer mortality for Mexican women. HPV 16/18 typing may help to improve cervical cancer screening. Here we present the prevalence of high-risk human papillomaviru...

    Authors: Samantha E. Rudolph, Attila Lorincz, Cosette M. Wheeler, Patti Gravitt, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Leticia Torres-Ibarra, Leith León-Maldonado, Paula Ramírez, Berenice Rivera, Rubí Hernández, Eduardo L. Franco, Jack Cuzick, Pablo Méndez-Hernández and Jorge Salmerón
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:461
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is found worldwide. Infection with T. gondii during pregnancy can result in fetal and neonatal death or various congenital defects. A serological survey du...

    Authors: Fira Abamecha and Hasen Awel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Sustained civil and military conflict, resulting in large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP), in combination with rapid urbanization has strained public health and sanitation within cities in Afghan...

    Authors: Mohammad Yousuf Mubarak, Abram L. Wagner, Mari Asami, Bradley F. Carlson and Matthew L. Boulton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Rapid molecular diagnostics, with their ability to quickly identify genetic mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical specimens, have great potential as tools to control mul...

    Authors: Sophia B. Georghiou, Marva Seifert, Shou-Yean Lin, Donald Catanzaro, Richard S. Garfein, Roberta L. Jackson, Valeriu Crudu, Camilla Rodrigues, Thomas C. Victor, Antonino Catanzaro and Timothy C. Rodwell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Patients with thymoma with immunodeficiency (TWI)/Good’s syndrome characteristically have evidence of combined immunodeficiency including low or absent B-cells, hypogammaglobulinemia and defects in T-cell medi...

    Authors: Sarah C. Sasson, Sarah Davies, Raymond Chan, Leo Davies and Roger Garsia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:457
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Appropriate antimicrobial prescribing is essential for patient care, yet up to half of antimicrobial prescriptions written in the UK are sub-optimal. Improving prescriber education has recently been promoted a...

    Authors: Myriam Gharbi, Luke S. P. Moore, Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Elpiniki Spanoudaki, Charlotte Grady, Alison H. Holmes and Lydia N. Drumright
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Crack cocaine use is known to contribute to poor adherence to antiretroviral medications; however, little is known about facilitators of or barriers to effective HIV treatment use among HIV-infected crack coca...

    Authors: Kanna Hayashi, Evan Wood, Thomas Kerr, Huiru Dong, Paul Nguyen, Cathy M. Puskas, Silvia Guillemi, Julio S. G. Montaner and Michael-John Milloy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:455
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Recognition of health disparities in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an initial step toward improved resource utilization and patient health. The purpose of this study was to identify health disparities ...

    Authors: Jacqueline R. Argamany, Andrew Delgado and Kelly R. Reveles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Evidence has existed for decades that higher doses of rifampin may be more effective, but potentially more toxic, than standard doses used in tuberculosis treatment. Whether increased doses of rifampin could s...

    Authors: Meredith Milstein, Leonid Lecca, Charles Peloquin, Denis Mitchison, Kwonjune Seung, Marcello Pagano, David Coleman, Elna Osso, Julia Coit, Dante Elmo Vargas Vasquez, Epifanio Sanchez Garavito, Roger Calderon, Carmen Contreras, Geraint Davies and Carole D. Mitnick
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:453
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. Burden of Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is scarce in developing countries, still unknown in China. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of clinical cases of pharyngitis and GAS ...

    Authors: Shuangsheng Wu, Xiaomin Peng, Zuyao Yang, Chunna Ma, Daitao Zhang, Quanyi Wang and Peng Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Blastocystis sp. is the most common intestinal parasite of humans. Despite its potential public health impact, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and molecular subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. ...

    Authors: Dima El Safadi, Amandine Cian, Céline Nourrisson, Bruno Pereira, Christelle Morelle, Patrick Bastien, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Françoise Botterel, Ermanno Candolfi, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Laurence Lachaud, Florent Morio, Christelle Pomares, Meja Rabodonirina, Ivan Wawrzyniak, Frédéric Delbac…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of HIV and syphilis simultaneously has reinforcing effect on their control program because of their prevalent co-infection. Availability of a simple user-friendly two-pronged and ...

    Authors: Geeta Shakya, Dipendra Raman Singh, Hemanta Chandra Ojha, Chet Raj Ojha, Shravan Kumar Mishra, Karishma Malla, Puspa Chaudhary and Kiran Regmi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Healthy condition and chronic diseases may be associated with microbiota composition and its properties. The prevalence of respiratory haemophili with respect to their phenotypes including the ability to biofi...

    Authors: Urszula Kosikowska, Paweł Rybojad, Dagmara Stępień–Pyśniak, Anna Żbikowska and Anna Malm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The continuing circulation of MERS in the Middle East makes the international dissemination of the disease a permanent threat. To inform risk assessment, we investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of MERS glob...

    Authors: Chiara Poletto, Pierre-Yves Boëlle and Vittoria Colizza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea but the economic costs of CDI on healthcare systems in the US remain uncertain.

    Authors: Shanshan Zhang, Sarah Palazuelos-Munoz, Evelyn M. Balsells, Harish Nair, Ayman Chit and Moe H. Kyaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Scant information is available on the infectious causes of febrile illnesses in Armenia. The goal of this study was to describe the most common causes, with a focus on zoonotic and arboviral infections and rel...

    Authors: Lusine Paronyan, Eduard Zardaryan, Vahe Bakunts, Zaruhi Gevorgyan, Vigen Asoyan, Hripsime Apresyan, Alvard Hovhannisyan, Karo Palayan, Christian T. Bautista, Tinatin Kuchuloria and Robert G. Rivard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:445
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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