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  1. Patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures ...

    Authors: Wiam A Alashek, Christopher W McIntyre and Maarten W Taal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Significant bacteriuria (SBU) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in patients with spina bifida and neuropathic detrusor sphincter dysfunction. Laboratory agar plated culture is the gold standard to...

    Authors: Bas SHJ Zegers, Cuno CSPM Uiterwaal, Carla C Verpoorten, Myleen MH Christiaens, Jan JLL Kimpen, Catharine CCE de Jong-de Vos van Steenwijk and Jan JD van Gool
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk of acquiring fungal infections. Antifungal prophylaxis shortly after transplantation is therefore indicated, but da...

    Authors: Michaela Döring, Carsten Müller, Pascal-David Johann, Annika Erbacher, Astrid Kimmig, Carl-Philipp Schwarze, Peter Lang, Rupert Handgretinger and Ingo Müller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Development of tuberculosis (TB) is determined by various risk factors and the interactions of temporal and spatial distributions. The aim of this study was to identify the most salient risk factors for TB dis...

    Authors: Assel Terlikbayeva, Sabrina Hermosilla, Sandro Galea, Neil Schluger, Saltanat Yegeubayeva, Tleukhan Abildayev, Talgat Muminov, Farida Akiyanova, Laura Bartkowiak, Zhaksybay Zhumadilov, Almaz Sharman and Nabila El-Bassel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Rickettsioses are caused by pathogenic species of the genus Rickettsia and play an important role as emerging diseases. The bacteria are transmitted to mammal hosts including humans by arthropod vectors. Since de...

    Authors: Elisabeth Janecek, Sabine Streichan and Christina Strube
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:261
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  6. The objective of this study was to assess temporal changes in incidence and short term mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) from 1995 through 2008.

    Authors: Niels Mejer, Henrik Westh, Henrik C Schønheyder, Allan G Jensen, Anders R Larsen, Robert Skov and Thomas Benfield
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Day care-associated infectious diseases are widely recognized as a public health problem but rarely studied. Insights into their dynamics and their association with the day care setting are important for effec...

    Authors: Remko Enserink, Harold Noel, Ingrid HM Friesema, Carolien M de Jager, Anna MD Kooistra-Smid, Laetitia M Kortbeek, Erwin Duizer, Marianne AB van der Sande, Henriette A Smit and Wilfrid van Pelt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:259
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  8. A Giardia outbreak was associated with development of post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID) and chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-CFS). Markers of immune dysfunction have given conflicting re...

    Authors: Kurt Hanevik, Einar K Kristoffersen, Steinar Sørnes, Kristine Mørch, Halvor Næss, Ann C Rivenes, Jørn E Bødtker, Trygve Hausken and Nina Langeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The development of jaundice after initiation of HAART in HIV-TB co-infected patients is a challenging presentation in resource constrained settings, and is often attributed to drug induced liver injury (DILI)....

    Authors: David A Barr and Pravistadevi K Ramdial
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:257
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spreading from high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and sex workers, to the general population in China. This study examined the willingness of ge...

    Authors: Lili Yuan, Xin Li, Xiaoxia Li, Jingli Shi, Liying Jiang, Chundi Zhang, Xiujing Yang, Yeli Zhang and Yashuang Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. We sought to characterize the temporal trends in nasopharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant pneumococci during a period with increased heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) coverage in Central ...

    Authors: Ioanna N Grivea, Alexia Sourla, Eleni Ntokou, Denise C Chryssanthopoulou, Alexandra G Tsantouli and George A Syrogiannopoulos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Spotted fever caused spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) is prevalent throughout China. In this study, we describe a rapid, simple, and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targetin...

    Authors: Lei Pan, Lijuan Zhang, Guiqiang Wang and Qinghui Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the etiological agent of periodontitis, and there is a strong association between clone JP2 and aggressive periodontitis in adolescents of African descent. The JP2 clone ...

    Authors: Akihiro Yoshida, Oum-Keltoum Ennibi, Hideo Miyazaki, Tomonori Hoshino, Hideaki Hayashida, Tatsuji Nishihara, Shuji Awano and Toshihiro Ansai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Understanding nosocomial pathogen transmission is restricted by culture limitations. Novel platforms, such as PCR-based electron spray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), may be useful as...

    Authors: Heather C Yun, Rachael E Kreft, Mayra A Castillo, Garth D Ehrlich, Charles H Guymon, Helen K Crouch, Kevin K Chung, Joseph C Wenke, Joseph R Hsu, Tracy L Spirk, J William Costerton, Katrin Mende and Clinton K Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Nearly all HIV infections in children worldwide are acquired through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy, labour, delivery or breastfeeding. The objective of our study was to estimate the numb...

    Authors: Vanina Héraud-Bousquet, Florence Lot, Maxime Esvan, Françoise Cazein, Corinne Laurent, Josiane Warszawski and Anne Gallay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Brazil. We examined the health and economic impacts of quadrivalent HPV vaccination in Brazil.

    Authors: Kosuke Kawai, Gabriela Tannus Branco de Araujo, Marcelo Fonseca, Matthew Pillsbury and Puneet K Singhal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Investigations of the impact of ethnicity and socio-economic status on incidence and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia are limited.

    Authors: Steven Y C Tong, Sebastian J van Hal, Lloyd Einsiedel, Bart J Currie and John D Turnidge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Good hand hygiene compliance is essential to prevent nosocomial infections in healthcare settings. Direct observation of hand hygiene compliance is the gold standard but is time consuming. An electronic dispen...

    Authors: Onno K Helder, Johannes B van Goudoever, Wim C J Hop, Johannes Brug and René F Kornelisse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Procalcitonin (PCT) has emerged as a valuable marker of sepsis. The potential role of PCT in diagnosis and therapy monitoring of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in intensive care ...

    Authors: Vasiliki P Theodorou, Vasilios E Papaioannou, Gregory A Tripsianis, Maria K Panopoulou, Elias K Christophoridis, Georgios A Kouliatsis, Theodora M Gioka, Efstratios S Maltezos, Sophia I Ktenidou-Kartali and Ioannis A Pneumatikos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Postnatal transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk remains an unsolved challenge in many resource-poor settings where replacement feeding is not a safe alternative. WHO now recommends breastfeeding of infants...

    Authors: Nicolas Nagot, Chipepo Kankasa, Nicolas Meda, Justus Hofmeyr, Cheryl Nikodem, James K Tumwine, Charles Karamagi, Halvor Sommerfelt, Dorine Neveu, Thorkild Tylleskär and Philippe Van de Perre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:246
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  21. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that are associated with the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy and its impact in mortality in a large cohort of patients with extended-spectrum β-la...

    Authors: Galo Peralta, María Lamelo, Patricia Álvarez-García, María Velasco, Alberto Delgado, Juan Pablo Horcajada, María Montero, María Pía Roiz, Maria Carmen Fariñas, Juan Alonso, Luis Martínez Martínez, Alfonso Gutiérrez-Macías, Jose Angel Alava, Azucena Rodríguez, Ana Fleites, Vicente Navarro…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Vulvar cancer is a relatively rare malignancy, which occurs most often in postmenopausal women. We have previously identified a geographic cluster of vulvar cancer in young Indigenous women living in remote co...

    Authors: Alice R Rumbold, Sarah E Tan, John R Condon, Debbie Taylor-Thomson, Maria Nickels, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Margaret LJ Davy, Margaret M O’Brien, Christine M Connors, Ibrahim Zardawi, Jim Stankovich and Suzanne M Garland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is endemic to tropic regions, mainly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Melioidosis occurs only sporadically in travellers returning from dis...

    Authors: Detlev Schultze, Brigitt Müller, Thomas Bruderer, Günter Dollenmaier, Julia M Riehm and Katia Boggian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:242
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Contact lens-related infections are often associated with inadequate contact lens hygiene, and therefore, contact lens care products should be able to sufficiently minimise the amount of pathogens that are res...

    Authors: Claudia Hildebrandt, Daniela Wagner, Thomas Kohlmann and Axel Kramer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Healthcare-associated (HCA) infection has emerged as a new epidemiological category. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HCA infection on mortality in community-onset Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodst...

    Authors: Younghee Jung, Myung Jin Lee, Hye-Yun Sin, Nak-Hyun Kim, Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Jinyong Park, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Eu Suk Kim, Sang-Won Park, Kyoung Un Park, Hong Bin Kim, Nam-Joong Kim, Eui-Chong Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song and Myoung-don Oh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare but life threatening condition which may follow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Diagnosis, monitoring and treatment...

    Authors: Anna Amelia Colombo, Giovanna Giorgiani, Vanina Rognoni, Paola Villani, Milena Furione, Mario Regazzi Bonora, Emilio Paolo Alessandrino, Marco Zecca and Fausto Baldanti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:238
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a frequent and serious infectious complication in immunocompromised patients. Culture and cytology in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have a high specificity but low sensitivity f...

    Authors: Michael Buess, Gieri Cathomas, Jörg Halter, Lilian Junker, Peter Grendelmeier, Michael Tamm and Daiana Stolz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Kingella kingae is the second most common pathogen causing paediatric arthritis and is described to be the causative bacteria in some paediatric osteomyelitis. Its microbiological detection is particularly diffi...

    Authors: Dunja Wilmes, Patrick Omoumi, Jean Squifflet, Olivier Cornu, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos and Jean Cyr Yombi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:236
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Previous reports of infection with Clostridium septicum have identified an unexpected association with concurrent malignancy. The reported rate of associated malignancy has been found to be as high as 81 percent....

    Authors: Demetri M Economedes, Jerome Santoro and Carl A Deirmengian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:235
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) and associated with a high mortality.

    Authors: Raquel A Caserta, Alexandre R Marra, Marcelino S Durão, Cláudia Vallone Silva, Oscar Fernando Pavao dos Santos, Henrique Sutton de Sousa Neves, Michael B Edmond and Karina Tavares Timenetsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) remains the gold standard for the detection of serologic immune responses to dengue virus (DENV). While the basic concept of the PRNT remains constant, this test...

    Authors: Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Derek AT Cummings and Justin Lessler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Melioidosis has become an emerging infection in Sri Lanka; a country which is considered non endemic for it. Paraplegia due to Burkholderia pseudomallei is a very rare entity encountered even in countries where t...

    Authors: Shanika Nandasiri, Harith Wimalaratna, Muditha Manjula and Enoka Corea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:232
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Candida albicans is the most pathogenic Candida species but shares many phenotypic features with Candida dubliniensis and may, therefore, be misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Candidemia cases ...

    Authors: Suhail Ahmad, Ziauddin Khan, Mohammad Asadzadeh, Ajmal Theyyathel and Rachel Chandy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. State-of-the-art care involving the utilisation of multiple health care interventions is the basis for an optimal long-term clinical prognosis for HIV-patients. We evaluated health care for HIV patients based ...

    Authors: Daria N Podlekareva, Joanne Reekie, Amanda Mocroft, Marcelo Losso, Aza G Rakhmanova, Elzbieta Bakowska, Igor A Karpov, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Jose Gatell, Jens D Lundgren and Ole Kirk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. To investigate a possible role of Cefditoren, a recently marketed in Greece third-generation oral cephalosporin in urinary infections of outpatients.

    Authors: Despina Hatzaki, Garyphallia Poulakou, Ioannis Katsarolis, Niki Lambri, Maria Souli, Ioannis Deliolanis, Georgios K Nikolopoulos, Evangelia Lebessi and Helen Giamarellou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) occur frequently, but limited data do not allow any consensus on an optimal treatment strategy. We designed this prospective, multicenter, observational stu...

    Authors: Benjamin A Lipsky, Gregory J Moran, Lena M Napolitano, Lien Vo, Susan Nicholson and Myoung Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Legionella pneumophila is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Central nervous system dysfunction is common, and diagnosis in the absence of pulmonary symptoms can be challenging. Here we describe an ...

    Authors: Nathaniel M Robbins, Aditi Kumar and Barbra M Blair
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:225
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. The levels of proinflammatory cytokine or chemokine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid are thought to be one of predictors for clinical severity of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, yet the cellular sources or si...

    Authors: Xun Gong, Jianfang Zhou, Wenfei Zhu, Na Liu, Jinsong Li, Lili Li, Yu Jin and Zhaojun Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Infection with cagA-positive, cagA EPIYA motif ABD type, and vacA s1, m1, and i1 genotype strains of Helicobacter pylori is associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response and increased risk of gastroduodena...

    Authors: Shu Sahara, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Ratha-Korn Vilaichone, Varocha Mahachai, Hiroaki Miyajima, Takahisa Furuta and Yoshio Yamaoka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) are a frequent reason for consultation of women in primary health care. To avoid therapy failure and development of resistances, the choice of an antibiotic should ...

    Authors: Gustav Kamenski, Gernot Wagner, Sonja Zehetmayer, Waltraud Fink, Wolfgang Spiegel and Kathryn Hoffmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in China; perinatal transmission is the main source of chronic HBV infection. Simultaneous administration of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vacc...

    Authors: Yali Hu, Shu Zhang, Chao Luo, Qilan Liu and Yi-Hua Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Cerebral involvement in schistosomiasis is not rare, but it is underdiagnosed because of the lack of clinical suspicion and the frequency of asymptomatic forms. Neurologic complications are generally supported...

    Authors: Guillaume Camuset, Valérie Wolff, Christian Marescaux, Ahmed Abou-Bacar, Ermanno Candolfi, Nicolas Lefebvre, Daniel Christmann and Yves Hansmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:220
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Mild cases of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea are readily treatable with complete recovery and with inexpensive and widely available first-line drugs. However, treatment is complicated and expensive, and morta...

    Authors: Catherine Kahabuka, Gunnar Kvåle and Sven Gudmund Hinderaker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. In most of the world, microbiologic diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is limited to microscopy. Recent guidelines recommend culture-based diagnosis where feasible.

    Authors: Anne-Marie Demers, Suzanne Verver, Andrew Boulle, Robin Warren, Paul van Helden, Marcel A Behr and David Coetzee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The adipokine leptin regulates energy expenditure, vascular function, bone and cartilage growth as well as the immune system and systemic inflammatory response. Several activating effects towards T cells, mono...

    Authors: Michael Behnes, Martina Brueckmann, Siegfried Lang, Christian Putensen, Joachim Saur, Martin Borggrefe and Ursula Hoffmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Appropriate monitoring of vector insecticide susceptibility is required to provide the rationale for optimal insecticide selection in vector control programs.

    Authors: Mouhamadou S Chouaibou, Joseph Chabi, Georgina V Bingham, Tessa B Knox, Louis N’Dri, Nestor B Kesse, Bassirou Bonfoh and Helen V Pates Jamet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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