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  1. In the absence of a validated animal model and/or an immune correlate which predict vaccine-mediated protection, large-scale clinical trials are currently the only option to prove efficacy of new tuberculosis ...

    Authors: Andrea Zelmer, Rachel Tanner, Elena Stylianou, Timon Damelang, Sheldon Morris, Angelo Izzo, Ann Williams, Sally Sharpe, Ilaria Pepponi, Barry Walker, David A. Hokey, Helen McShane, Michael Brennan and Helen Fletcher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:412
  2. Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) occurs even after passive-active immunization. Some scholars speculate that in-utero infection may be the main cause of immunoprophylaxis failure. However...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Xi-En Gui, Bo Wang, Jing-Yi Fan, Qian Cao, Kathleen Mullane and Xiao-Li Liang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:408
  3. The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on invasive pneumococcal disease is frequently reported, but the impact on upper respiratory tract infections in a clinical setting is less documented. Our a...

    Authors: Nils Littorin, Jonas Ahl, Fabian Uddén, Fredrik Resman and Kristian Riesbeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:407
  4. The co-circulation of 4 DENV serotypes in geographically expanding area, has resulted in increasing occurrence of DENV co-infections. However, studies assessing the clinical impact of DENV co-infections have b...

    Authors: Amreeta Dhanoa, Sharifah Syed Hassan, Chin Fang Ngim, Chun Fatt Lau, Teik Seng Chan, Nur Amelia Azreen Adnan, Wilhelm Wei Han Eng, Han Ming Gan and Ganeswrie Rajasekaram
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:406
  5. While prior studies have quantified the mortality burden of the 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic at broad geographic regions in the United States, little is known about the pandemic impact at a local level. Here w...

    Authors: April J. Cobos, Clinton G. Nelson, Megan Jehn, Cécile Viboud and Gerardo Chowell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:405
  6. Onchocerciasis, caused by the parasitic nematode, Onchocerca volvulus afflicts some 37 million people worldwide, and is the second leading infectious cause of blindness globally. The only currently recommended dr...

    Authors: Glory Enjong Mbah, Rene Bilingwe Ayiseh and Fidelis Cho-Ngwa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:404
  7. Systemic embolism, especially septic embolism, is a severe complication of infective endocarditis (IE). However, concurrent embolism to the brain, coronary arteries, and spleen is very rare. Because of the ris...

    Authors: Ziqing Yu, Bing Fan, Hongyi Wu, Xiangfei Wang, Chenguang Li, Rende Xu, Yangang Su and Junbo Ge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:403
  8. Human Parainfluenza Virus (hPIV) causes severe respiratory illness in infants and adults. Our study describes the association of hPIV1–4 with bronchiolitis, croup, and pneumonia using retrospective laboratory,...

    Authors: Sumana Fathima, Kimberley Simmonds, Jesse Invik, Allison N. Scott and Steven Drews
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:402
  9. Aim of the study was to assess predictors of discontinuation/toxicity of boosted PI-based (PI/r) dual therapy (DT).

    Authors: Alessandra Latini, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Vanni Borghi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Giannetti, Patrizia Lorenzini, Laura Loiacono, Adriana Ammassari, Rita Bellagamba, Manuela Colafigli, Gabriella D’Ettorre, Simona Di Giambenedetto, Andrea Antinori and Mauro Zaccarelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:401
  10. Despite the successes of routine national childhood vaccination programmes, measles remains a public health concern. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how patterns of parental attitudes are linked to...

    Authors: Carine Weiss, Daniel Schröpfer and Sonja Merten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:400
  11. Enterovirus (EV)-related hand, foot, and mouth disease/herpangina (HFMD/HA) has been prevalent in Guangdong Province, China, since 2010.

    Authors: Hong-Tao Zhou, Yong-Hui Guo, Man-Jun Chen, Yu-Xian Pan, Lin Xue, Bin Wang, Shao-Hua Tao and Nan Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:399
  12. Staphylococcus aureus particularly MRSA strains are one of the major causes of community and hospital acquired bacterial infections. They are also becoming increasingly multi-drug resi...

    Authors: Tebelay Dilnessa and Adane Bitew
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:398
  13. A prospective study was performed to investigate the prevalence of colonization among ICU patients and to examine whether asymptomatic carriers were the source of subsequent C. difficile infection (CDI) and acqui...

    Authors: Xiaoxia Zhang, Xiaohui Wang, Jingyu Yang, Xiaohua Liu, Lin Cai and Zhiyong Zong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:397
  14. Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) pulmonary disease is a refractory chronic infectious disease. Options for treating M. abscessus pulmonary disease are limited, especially in outpatient settings. Among paren...

    Authors: Ho Namkoong, Kozo Morimoto, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Hiromu Tanaka, Hiroaki Sugiura, Yoshitake Yamada, Atsuko Kurosaki, Takanori Asakura, Shoji Suzuki, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Kazuma Yagi, Makoto Ishii, Sadatomo Tasaka, Tomoko Betsuyaku, Yoshihiko Hoshino, Atsuyuki Kurashima…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:396
  15. Appropriate sanitation procedures and monitoring of their actual efficacy represent critical points for improving hygiene and reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections. Presently, surveillance is b...

    Authors: Federica Valeriani, Carmela Protano, Gianluca Gianfranceschi, Paola Cozza, Vincenzo Campanella, Giorgio Liguori, Matteo Vitali, Maurizio Divizia and Vincenzo Romano Spica
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:394
  16. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is complicated by cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Thailand, 6-7 % of adults are chronically infected with HBV. The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV ha...

    Authors: Gonzague Jourdain, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Tim R. Cressey, Lei Hua, Linda Harrison, Camlin Tierney, Nicolas Salvadori, Luc Decker, Patrinee Traisathit, Wasna Sirirungsi, Woottichai Khamduang, Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong, Thanyawee Puthanakit, George K. Siberry, Diane Heather Watts, Trudy V. Murphy…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:393
  17. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is a life-threatening disease and timing of antibiotic therapy remains crucial. We aimed to analyse the impact of antibiotic timing on the outcome of CABM in a co...

    Authors: Jacob Bodilsen, Michael Dalager-Pedersen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder and Henrik Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:392
  18. To fully understand the burden of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in Ghana towards informing appropriate preventive measures, accurate prevalence estimates are needed. In this study, we estimate the prevalence of ...

    Authors: Akosua Adom Agyeman, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Andy Mprah and George Ashiagbor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:391
  19. Scotland introduced PCV7 and PCV13 immunisation in young children in 2006 and 2010 respectively. One recent study from the United States reported a decrease in hospitalisation rates for all-cause pneumonia mos...

    Authors: Harish Nair, Arun Thor Watts, Linda J. Williams, Saad B. Omer, Colin R. Simpson, Lorna J. Willocks, J. Claire Cameron and Harry Campbell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:390
  20. The widespread distribution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains that are resistant to previously used and clinically implemented antibiotics is a significant global public health problem. In line with WHO standards,...

    Authors: Alexey Kubanov, Denis Vorobyev, Aleksandr Chestkov, Arvo Leinsoo, Boris Shaskolskiy, Ekaterina Dementieva, Viktoria Solomka, Xenia Plakhova, Dmitry Gryadunov and Dmitriy Deryabin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:389
  21. Although Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal blood stream infections (BSIs), infections due to Candida species other than C. albicans are rising. Candida parapsilosis complex has emerged as an imp...

    Authors: Francesco Barchiesi, Elena Orsetti, Patrizia Osimani, Carlo Catassi, Fabio Santelli and Esther Manso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:387
  22. It has been challenging to determine the true clinical impact of Acinetobacter spp., due to the predilection of this pathogen to colonize and infect critically ill patients, who often have a poor prognosis. The a...

    Authors: Aline C. Q. Leão, Paulo R. Menezes, Maura S. Oliveira and Anna S. Levin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:386
  23. Mycobacterium africanum comprises two phylogenetic lineages within the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and is an important cause of human tuberculosis (TB) in West Africa. The reasons f...

    Authors: Adwoa Asante-Poku, Isaac Darko Otchere, Stephen Osei-Wusu, Esther Sarpong, Akosua Baddoo, Audrey Forson, Clement Laryea, Sonia Borrell, Frank Bonsu, Jan Hattendorf, Collins Ahorlu, Kwadwo A. Koram, Sebastien Gagneux and Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:385
  24. Respiratory viral diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections has largely developed through multiplex molecular techniques. Although the sensitivity of different types of upper respiratory tract samples se...

    Authors: Paul Bonnin, Fabien Miszczak, Nathalie Kin, Cecile Resa, Julia Dina, Stephanie Gouarin, Florent Viron, Remy Morello and Astrid Vabret
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:384
  25. Hepatitis B virus is one of the most causative agents of human liver disease, including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The disease is a great health problem worldwide, wit...

    Authors: Daniel Gebreegziabher, Gebrekidan Gebregzabher Asfeha and Hagos Amare Gebreyesus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:383
  26. In women, anorectal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are about as common as genital CT, yet the anorectal site remains largely untested in routine care. Anorectal CT frequently co-occurs with genital CT...

    Authors: Nicole H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers, Petra F. G. Wolffs, Lisanne Eppings, Hannelore M. Götz, Sylvia M. Bruisten, Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Kevin Janssen, Mayk Lucchesi, Titia Heijman, Birgit H. van Benthem, Jan E. van Bergen, Servaas A. Morre, Jos Herbergs, Gerjo Kok, Mieke Steenbakkers, Arjan A. Hogewoning…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:381
  27. Seasonally prevalent H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses have evolved by antigenic drift; this evolution has resulted in the acquisition of asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation sites (NGSs) in the globular head o...

    Authors: Hiroshi Ushirogawa, Tadasuke Naito, Hirotoshi Tokunaga, Toshihiro Tanaka, Takashi Nakano, Kihei Terada, Masanobu Ohuchi and Mineki Saito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:380
  28. Uptake of couples’ HIV counseling and testing (couples’ HCT) services remains largely low in most settings. We report the effect of a demand-creation intervention trial on couples’ HCT uptake among married or ...

    Authors: Joseph K. B. Matovu, Jim Todd, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Robert Kairania, David Serwadda and Fred Wabwire-Mangen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:379
  29. Antimicrobially pre-treated children with systemic inflammation often pose a diagnostic challenge to the physician. We aimed to evaluate the additional use of SeptiFast multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR...

    Authors: Franziska Gies, Eva Tschiedel, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Peter-Michael Rath, Joerg Steinmann and Christian Dohna-Schwake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:378
  30. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) agents potentially associated with adverse metabolic profiles are commonly used in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-relat...

    Authors: Chanelle M. Diaz, Eddy R. Segura, Paula M. Luz, Jesse L. Clark, Sayonara R. Ribeiro, Raquel De Boni, Leonardo Eksterman, Rodrigo Moreira, Judith S. Currier, Valdiléa G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn and Jordan E. Lake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:376
  31. Coxsackie B is a viral pathogen that presents with various invasive diseases in adults. Historically, the majority of adult cases with pericarditis or myocarditis have been attributed to coxsackievirus B. The ...

    Authors: Jon Persichino, Roger Garrison, Rajagopal Krishnan and Made Sutjita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:375
  32. The treatment options for pneumonia involving multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR Acb) complex are limited, and the optimal treatment has not been established.

    Authors: Jung-Jr Ye, Huang-Shen Lin, Chun-Fu Yeh, Yen-Mu Wu, Po-Yen Huang, Chien-Chang Yang, Ching-Tai Huang and Ming-Hsun Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:374
  33. Clinicians frequently prescribe antibiotics inappropriately for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Our objective was to test information technology-enabled behavioral interventions to reduce inappropriate an...

    Authors: Stephen D. Persell, Jason N. Doctor, Mark W. Friedberg, Daniella Meeker, Elisha Friesema, Andrew Cooper, Ajay Haryani, Dyanna L. Gregory, Craig R. Fox, Noah J. Goldstein and Jeffrey A. Linder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:373
  34. Breakthrough viridans streptococcal bacteremia (VSB) in patients with hematological malignancy receiving levofloxacin prophylaxis is a major blood stream infection (BSI) occurring during febrile neutropenia. H...

    Authors: Muneyoshi Kimura, Hideki Araoka, Atsushi Yoshida, Hisashi Yamamoto, Masahiro Abe, Yuki Okamoto, Mitsuhiro Yuasa, Daisuke Kaji, Kosei Kageyama, Aya Nishida, Kazuya Ishiwata, Shinsuke Takagi, Go Yamamoto, Yuki Asano-Mori, Naoyuki Uchida, Akira Hishinuma…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:372
  35. In the context of advanced immunosuppression, M. tuberculosis is known to cause detectable mycobacteremia. However, little is known about the intra-patient mycobacterial microevolution and the direction of seedin...

    Authors: Willy Ssengooba, Bouke C. de Jong, Moses L. Joloba, Frank G. Cobelens and Conor J. Meehan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:371
  36. The World Health Organization estimates that about 3.5 billion people worldwide are affected by intestinal parasitic infections. Reports have already emphasized the role of immigrants in outbreaks of parasitic...

    Authors: Marawan A. Abu-Madi, Jerzy M. Behnke, Sonia Boughattas, Asma Al-Thani and Sanjay H. Doiphode
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:370
  37. Tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco use are two major alarming global health issues that tend to be co-prevalent in many developing countries and various surveys have provided evidence on their entangled association...

    Authors: Mahshid Aryanpur, Mostafa Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Esmaeil Mortaz, Payam Tabarsi, Hamid Soori, Habib Emami, Gholamreza Heidari, Mehdi Kazempour Dizagie and Masoud Baikpour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:369
  38. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is known to cause inflammation and lung tissue damage in high-risk populations. Nevertheless, direct associations between mycobacterial loads, systemic inflammation and pulmon...

    Authors: Eliene D. D. Mesquita, Leonardo Gil-Santana, Daniela Ramalho, Elise Tonomura, Elisangela C. Silva, Martha M. Oliveira, Bruno B. Andrade and Afrânio Kritski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:368
  39. Incidence, manifestations and case-fatality rate (CFR) of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) vary with age and comorbidities. New vaccines, changing age distribution, prolonged survival among immunocompromise...

    Authors: Erik Backhaus, Stefan Berg, Rune Andersson, Gunilla Ockborn, Petter Malmström, Mats Dahl, Salmir Nasic and Birger Trollfors
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:367
  40. Real-time PCR (qPCR) based methods, such as the Xpert MTB/RIF, are increasingly being used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). While qualitative methods are adequate for diagnosis, the therapeutic monitoring of TB ...

    Authors: Alison S. Devonshire, Denise M. O’Sullivan, Isobella Honeyborne, Gerwyn Jones, Maria Karczmarczyk, Jernej Pavšič, Alice Gutteridge, Mojca Milavec, Pablo Mendoza, Heinz Schimmel, Fran Van Heuverswyn, Rebecca Gorton, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Emanuele Borroni, Kathryn Harris, Marinus Barnard…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:366
  41. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health problem. While progress has been made to improve TB cure rates, South Africa’s 76 % smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) case cure rate remains below the WH...

    Authors: Mandla Mlotshwa, Natasha Abraham, Moira Beery, Seymour Williams, Sandra Smit, Margot Uys, Carl Reddy and Andrew Medina-Marino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:365
  42. Genital herpes results in considerable morbidity, including risk of neonatal herpes, and is increasingly being caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1. Possibly children are less often HSV-1 infected, leav...

    Authors: Petra J. Woestenberg, Jeroen H. T. Tjhie, Hester E. de Melker, Fiona R. M. van der Klis, Jan E. A. M van Bergen, Marianne A. B. van der Sande and Birgit H. B. van Benthem
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:364
  43. Cryptosporidium spp. is a ubiquitous parasite affecting humans as well as domestic and wild vertebrates, causing diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts worldwide....

    Authors: J. Brunet, J. P. Lemoine, B. Pesson, S. Valot, M. Sautour, F. Dalle, C. Muller, C. Borni-Duval, S. Caillard, B. Moulin, A. W. Pfaff, R. Razakandrainibe, A. Abou-Bacar, L. Favennec and E. Candolfi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:363
  44. Treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is lengthy, has severe side effects, and raises adherence challenges. In the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and Ministry of Health (MoH) programme in Ka...

    Authors: Shona Horter, Beverley Stringer, Jane Greig, Akhmet Amangeldiev, Mirzagaleb N. Tillashaikhov, Nargiza Parpieva, Zinaida Tigay and Philipp du Cros
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:362
  45. On a global scale, nearly two billion persons are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From this vast reservoir of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, a substantial number will develop active TB during th...

    Authors: Sonia Menon, Rodolfo Rossi, Leon Nshimyumukiza, Aibibula Wusiman, Natasha Zdraveska and Manal Shams Eldin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:361
  46. Cryotherapy is a local treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis with variable efficacy and greater safety than conventional treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryothe...

    Authors: Liliana López-Carvajal, Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias, María Isabel Zapata-Cardona, Vanesa Sánchez-Giraldo and Iván Darío Vélez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:360

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