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  1. Congenital CMV (cCMV) infection is a serious public health issue due to both its worldwide prevalence and the severe and permanent impairments it causes. However, awareness of this infection is low in the gene...

    Authors: Sandro Binda, Laura Pellegrinelli, Marco Terraneo, Alessandra Caserini, Valeria Primache, Laura Bubba and Maria Barbi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:513
  2. Dengue is endemic throughout Cambodia, a country faced with significant health and economic challenges. We undertook a clinical study at the National Paediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh to evaluate clinical diag...

    Authors: Philippe Cavailler, Arnaud Tarantola, Yee Sin Leo, Andrew A. Lover, Anne Rachline, Moniboth Duch, Rekol Huy, Ai Li Quake, Yuvatha Kdan, Veasna Duong, Jeremy L. Brett and Philippe Buchy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:512
  3. Acute diarrhea is one of the most serious problems in global public health that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human caliciviruses (HuCV) including norovirus (NoV, genogroup GI and GII)...

    Authors: Shun-Xian Zhang, Li Li, Jian-Wen Yin, Miao Jin, Xiang-Yu Kong, Li-Li Pang, Yong-Kang Zhou, Li-Guang Tian, Jia-Xu Chen and Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:511
  4. Among children diagnosed to have chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) in Ethiopia, many have been observed to develop recurrence of rheumatic fever (RF) despite secondary prophylaxis. This study dete...

    Authors: Nigus Zegeye, Daniel Asrat, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Abebe Habte, Etsegenet Gedlu, Tone Tønjum and Abraham Aseffa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:510
  5. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is increasingly being utilized for molecular typing of pathogens and is cost-effective, especially for large numbers of isolates. The goals of this study were 1)...

    Authors: Holly M. Frost, Jennifer L. Anderson, Lynn Ivacic, Brian L. Sloss, John Embil and Jennifer K. Meece
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:509
  6. Diarrhea caused by viruses is a global problem among young children. We investigated two of the most important agents, rotavirus and adenovirus, to provide epidemiological evidence for a better understanding o...

    Authors: Liying Liu, Yuan Qian, You Zhang, Linqing Zhao, Liping Jia and Huijing Dong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:508
  7. As an immune modulator, vitamin D is involved in various pathophysiological mechanisms in a plethora of diseases. This study aims to correlate the vitamin D deficiency status and clinical progression of liver ...

    Authors: Nghiem Xuan Hoan, Nguyen Khuyen, Mai Thanh Binh, Dao Phuong Giang, Hoang Van Tong, Phan Quoc Hoan, Ngo Tat Trung, Do Tuan Anh, Nguyen Linh Toan, Christian G. Meyer, Peter G. Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan and Le Huu Song
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:507
  8. Despite a worldwide common and progressive nature of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in older men, no association has been observed between a causative pathogen and other etiology so far.

    Authors: Jamshaid Iqbal, Jumanah Al-Rashed and Elijah O. Kehinde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:506
  9. Although rubella is generally considered a benign childhood disease, infection of a pregnant woman can cause foetal congenital rubella syndrome, which results in embryo-foetal disease and malformations. The sy...

    Authors: Alain Farra, Marilou Pagonendji, Alexandre Manikariza, Dieubéni Rawago, Rock Ouambita-Mabo, Gilbert Guifara and Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:505
  10. To determine the distribution of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genotypes in a Ugandan population of persons with tuberculosis (TB) and establish the relationship between class I HLA types and Mycobacteriu...

    Authors: Helen K. Buteme, Rebecca Axelsson-Robertson, Lina Benson, Moses L. Joloba, W. Henry Boom, Gunilla Kallenius and Markus Maeurer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:504
  11. The use of neuraminidase-inhibiting anti-viral medication to treat influenza is relatively infrequent. Rapid, cost-effective methods for diagnosing influenza are needed to enable appropriate prescribing. Multi...

    Authors: Richard K. Zimmerman, G. K. Balasubramani, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Heather Eng, Leonard Urbanski, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Jackson, Huong Q. McLean, Edward A. Belongia, Arnold S. Monto, Ryan E. Malosh, Manjusha Gaglani, Lydia Clipper, Brendan Flannery and Stephen R. Wisniewski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:503
  12. Acquisition of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common among the young, sexually active population. Genital HPV infections do not always lead to seroconversion. We aimed to assess the associatio...

    Authors: Alexandra Kovaleva, Catharina J. Alberts, Tim Waterboer, Angelika Michel, Marieke B. Snijder, Wilma Vermeulen, Liza Coyer, Maria Prins and Maarten Schim van der Loeff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:502
  13. HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remains an enormous burden to international public health. Post-mortem studies have highlighted the high proportion of HIV-positive adults admitted to hospital wit...

    Authors: Ankur Gupta-Wright, Katherine L. Fielding, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Douglas K. Wilson, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Clare Flach, Krishna P. Reddy, Rochelle P. Walensky, Jurgens A. Peters, Melanie Alufandika-Moyo and Stephen D. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:501

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:604

  14. Influenza often causes winter and summer epidemics in subtropical regions, but few studies have investigated the difference in healthcare seeking behavior of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) between ...

    Authors: Huaiqing Meng, Qiuyan Liao, Lorna Kwai Ping Suen, Margaret O’Donoghue, Chit Ming Wong and Lin Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:499
  15. Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program at birth has been implemented nationwide since 1992 in China. However, current HBV prevalence status in blood donors has not been entirely examined, which may impact HB...

    Authors: Zhen Wang, Jinfeng Zeng, Tingting Li, Xin Zheng, Xiaoxuan Xu, Xianlin Ye, Liang Lu, Weigang Zhu, Baocheng Yang, Jean-Pierre Allain and Chengyao Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:498
  16. Linkage to HIV care is crucial to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs worldwide, loss to follow up at all stages of the care continuum is frequent, and long-term prospective studies of care li...

    Authors: Elizabeth A. Reddy, Chris Bernard Agala, Venance P. Maro, Jan Ostermann, Brian W. Pence, Dafrosa K. Itemba, Donna Safley, Jia Yao, Nathan M. Thielman and Kathryn Whetten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:497
  17. Endophthalmitis is potentially devastating intraocular inflammation following eye trauma or surgery. We describe the visual outcomes and causative pathogens in acute bacterial postoperative and posttraumatic e...

    Authors: Robert Rejdak, Tomasz Choragiewicz, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Michael J. Koss, Piotr Ksiazek, Joanna Moneta-Wielgos, Ryszard Maciejewski, Anselm G. Jünemann and Katarzyna Nowomiejska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:496
  18. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with dermatophytoses (tinea-IRIS) may cause considerable morbidity. Yet, it has been scarcely reported and is rarely considered in the differential diagno...

    Authors: Herry Mapesi, Adrià Ramírez, Marcel Tanner, Christoph Hatz and Emilio Letang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:495
  19. Brazil’s National Tuberculosis Control Program seeks to improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment in vulnerable populations. Slum residents are more vulnerable to TB due to a variety of factors, including their over...

    Authors: Robert E. Snyder, Mariel A. Marlow, Melissa E. Phuphanich, Lee W. Riley and Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:494
  20. Cupriavidus gilardii is an aerobic, Gram-negative, glucose-nonfermenting rod that was first identified in 1999. Because of the difficulty in accurate species identification of C. gilardii, there are few case repo...

    Authors: Takehito Kobayashi, Itaru Nakamura, Hiroaki Fujita, Ayaka Tsukimori, Akihiro Sato, Shinji Fukushima, Kiyofumi Ohkusu and Tetsuya Matsumoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:493
  21. A previous cohort study indicated that atazanavir (ATV), a protease inhibitor used for HIV treatment, is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. The objective of this study was to ...

    Authors: Lisa Rosenblatt, Amanda M. Farr, Ella T. Nkhoma, James K. Nelson, Corey Ritchings and Stephen S. Johnston
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:492

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:547

  22. Few reports have investigated the association between human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and tuberculosis (TB) in countries where both infections are endemic. This study estimates the incidence of TB i...

    Authors: Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Normeide Pedreira dos Santos, Monique Lírio, Afrânio Lineu Kritski, Maria da Conceição Chagas Almeida, Leonardo Pereira Santana, Noilson Lázaro, Juarez Dias, Eduardo Martins Netto and Bernardo Galvão-Castro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:491
  23. In critically ill patients the incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. has increased remarkably. Echinocandins are recommended as initial treatment for invasive fungal infections. The safet...

    Authors: Patrick J. van der Geest, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Sophie E. Ladage and A. B. Johan Groeneveld
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:490
  24. Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (AHCVI) outbreaks have been described recently within defined areas worldwide among HIV-infected homosexual men. This study aims to describe the cumulative frequency and...

    Authors: Karin Neukam, Pompeyo Viciana, Guillermo Ojeda-Burgos, Marcial Delgado-Fernández, María J. Ríos, Juan Macías, Dolores Merino, Antonio Collado, Francisco Téllez and Juan A. Pineda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:489
  25. Thymosin α1 (Tα1) as immunomodulatory treatment is supposed to be beneficial for the sepsis patients by regulating T cell subsets and inflammatory mediators. However, limited by the small sample size and the p...

    Authors: Fang Liu, Hong-Mei Wang, Tiansheng Wang, Ya-Mei Zhang and Xi Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:488
  26. Interaction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. The exact route of virus entry into the blood and CNS invasion has not been cle...

    Authors: Soumen Roy, Daya Pavitrakar, Rashmi Gunjikar, Vijay M. Ayachit, Vijay P. Bondre and Gajanan N. Sapkal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:487
  27. To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013.

    Authors: María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes, Teresa Rodrigo, María Neus Altet, Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Martí Casals, Antón Penas, Isabel Mir, Segismundo Solano Reina, Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda and Joan A. Caylá
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:486
  28. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in school children in the community of Tlaltizapan, in order to understand the dynamics of infection within the ...

    Authors: Liliana Rojas, Patricia Morán, Alicia Valadez, Alejandro Gómez, Enrique González, Eric Hernández, Oswaldo Partida, Miriam Nieves, Marco Gudiño, Ulises Magaña, Javier Torres and Cecilia Ximénez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:485
  29. In 2014 the Swedish government assigned to The Public Health Agency of Sweden to conduct studies to evaluate optimal use of existing antibiotic agents. The aim is to optimize drug use and dosing regimens to im...

    Authors: Gunilla Skoog, Charlotta Edlund, Christian G. Giske, Sigvard Mölstad, Christer Norman, Pär-Daniel Sundvall and Katarina Hedin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:484
  30. Bacterial meningitis is not rare in post-neurosurgical patients. If patients are not treated promptly, the mortality rate can reach 20 to 50 %. The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate has been r...

    Authors: Xiong Xiao, Yang Zhang, Liwei Zhang, Peng Kang and Nan Ji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:483
  31. Seroprevalence data and clinical studies in children suggest that the burden of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in Africa may be underestimated. We performed a systematic review to determine the prevalence and at...

    Authors: Sean Wasserman, Mark E. Engel, Rulan Griesel and Marc Mendelson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:482
  32. Infections with influenza A virus cannot be clinically differentiated from infections caused by influenza B virus or other respiratory viruses. Additionally, although antiviral treatment is available for influ...

    Authors: Sevim Mese, Hulya Akan, Selim Badur and Aysun Uyanik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:481
  33. Given the predominance of invasive fungal disease (IFD) amongst the non-immunocompromised adult critically ill population, the potential benefit of antifungal prophylaxis and the lack of generalisable tools to...

    Authors: Jason Shahin, Elizabeth J. Allen, Krishna Patel, Hannah Muskett, Sheila E. Harvey, Jonathan Edgeworth, Christopher C. Kibbler, Rosemary A. Barnes, Sharmistha Biswas, Neil Soni, Kathryn M. Rowan and David A. Harrison
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:480
  34. Inflammatory response following initial improvement with anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been termed a paradoxical reaction (PR). HIV co-infection is a recognised risk, yet little is known about other pre...

    Authors: Colin Stewart Brown, Colette Joanne Smith, Ronan Angus MacCormick Breen, Lawrence Peter Ormerod, Rahul Mittal, Marie Fisk, Heather June Milburn, Nicholas Martin Price, Graham Henry Bothamley and Marc Caeroos Isaac Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:479
  35. This study responds to a rural community’s concern that, despite national initiatives, malaria management in young children falls short of national guidelines in their district. This study aimed to: (1) descri...

    Authors: Rosemin Kassam, Richard Sekiwunga, John B. Collins, Juliet Tembe and Eric Liow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:478
  36. Shigellosis is the major cause of bloody diarrhoea worldwide and is endemic in most developing countries. In Kenya, bloody diarrhoea is reported weekly as part of priority diseases under Integrated Disease Sur...

    Authors: Charles Njuguna, Ian Njeru, Elizabeth Mgamb, Daniel Langat, Anselimo Makokha, Dismas Ongore, Evan Mathenge and Samuel Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:477
  37. The presence of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of several severe infections, but data on its effect on treatment outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphyloc...

    Authors: Ozlem Equils, Christopher da Costa, Michele Wible and Benjamin A. Lipsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:476
  38. Data containing notified cases of disease are often compromised by incomplete or partial information related to individual cases. In an effort to enhance the value of information from enteric disease notificat...

    Authors: E. Amene, B. Horn, R. Pirie, R. Lake and D. Döpfer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:475
  39. The protective capacities of antibodies induced with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines can be directly assessed in vitro with a Hib-specific serum bactericidal assay (SBA). However, the conventional SB...

    Authors: Han Wool Kim, Kyung-Hyo Kim, JiHye Kim and Moon H. Nahm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:473
  40. Leprosy incidence has reduced in recent years in Brazil, although the disease still persists as a public health problem in some regions. To investigate the trends of selected leprosy indicators in Brazilian mu...

    Authors: Lucia R. S. Freitas, Elisabeth C. Duarte and Leila P. Garcia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:472
  41. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID) and HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Characterizing spontaneous viral clearance of HCV inf...

    Authors: Daniel J. Smith, Ashly E. Jordan, Mayu Frank and Holly Hagan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:471
  42. One of the main goals of the post-2015 global tuberculosis (TB) strategy is that no families affected by TB face catastrophic costs. We revised an existing TB patient cost measurement tool to specifically also...

    Authors: Susan van den Hof, David Collins, Firdaus Hafidz, Demissew Beyene, Aigul Tursynbayeva and Edine Tiemersma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:470
  43. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the immunological function of vitamin D3, which activates macrophages, and vitamin D deficiency has been linked to tuberculosis risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) i...

    Authors: Qunying Hu, Zhengshuai Chen, Guinian Liang, Fangping Mo, Hengxun Zhang, Shilin Xu, Yuhe Wang, Longli Kang and Tianbo Jin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:469
  44. Brucella species occasionally cause spontaneous human abortion. Brucella can be transmitted commonly through the ingestion of raw milk or milk products. The objective of this study was...

    Authors: Shahzad Ali, Shamim Akhter, Heinrich Neubauer, André Scherag, Miriam Kesselmeier, Falk Melzer, Iahtasham Khan, Hosny El-Adawy, Asima Azam, Saima Qadeer and Qurban Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:468
  45. One important aspect in combatting resistance to antibiotics is to increase the awareness and knowledge by epidemiological studies. We therefore conducted a German-wide point-prevalence survey for multidrug re...

    Authors: Nils-Olaf Huebner, Kathleen Dittmann, Vivien Henck, Christian Wegner and Axel Kramer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:467
  46. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infections, especially in the elderly (≥65 years). The aim of this study was to quantify hospitalization costs for CAP in different age groups and i...

    Authors: Conrad E. Vissink, Susanne M. Huijts, G. Ardine de Wit, Marc J. M. Bonten and Marie-Josée J. Mangen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:466

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:702

  47. Antimicrobial resistance is driven by multiple factors. Resolving the threat to human and animal health presented by drug-resistant infections remains a societal challenge that demands close collaboration betw...

    Authors: Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Luke S. P. Moore, Fran Husson and Alison H. Holmes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:465
  48. Suppurative otitis media (SOM) is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. Cases of fungal suppurative otitis media were studied to establish the effect of fungi in o...

    Authors: Martha F. Mushi, Gustave Buname, Oliver Bader, Uwe Groß and Stephen E. Mshana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:464

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