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  1. Monitoring hepatitis B surveillance data is important for evaluating progress towards global hepatitis B elimination goals. Accurate classification of acute and chronic hepatitis infections is essential for as...

    Authors: Hui Zheng, Alexander J. Millman, Jeanette J. Rainey, Fuzhen Wang, Rui Zhang, Hong Chen, Zundong Yin, Huaqing Wang and Guomin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:547
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:962

  2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is characterized by high viral replication and a decrease in CD4+ T cells (CD4+TC), resulting in AIDS, which can lead to death. In elite controllers and viremia cont...

    Authors: Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes, Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras, Érica Ribeiro Gomes, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior, Janaína Mota de Vasconcelos Massafra, Poliana da Silva Lemos, João Lídio Vianez Júnior, Ricardo Ishak and Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:546
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Bloodstream infection is common in the UK and has significant mortality depending on the pathogen involved, site of infection and other patient factors. Healthcare staffing and ward activity may also impact on...

    Authors: Rebecca N. Evans, Katie Pike, Chris A. Rogers, Rosy Reynolds, Margaret Stoddart, Robin Howe, Mark Wilcox, Peter Wilson, F. Kate Gould and Alasdair MacGowan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:545
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The main advantage of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® (Xpert) molecular diagnostic technology is the rapid detection of M.tuberculosis DNA and mutations associated with rifampicin (RIF) resistance for timely initiation of app...

    Authors: Julia V. Ershova, Grigory V. Volchenkov, Tatiana R. Somova, Tatiana A. Kuznetsova, Natalia V. Kaunetis, Dorothy Kaminski, Olga V. Demikhova, Larisa N. Chernousova, Irina A. Vasilyeva, Eleanor M. Kerr, J. Peter Cegielski and Ekaterina V. Kurbatova
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:543
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. To evaluate whether soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) can be used as an early predictor of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

    Authors: Xingxing Zhao, Lixiao Xu, Zuming Yang, Bin Sun, Ying Wang, Gen Li, Chenxi Feng, Tao Pan, Tian Yu and Xing Feng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:542
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Parham Azimi, Zahra Keshavarz, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent and Joseph G. Allen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:541
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:497

  7. Antimicrobial resistance is an ecological and multicausal problem. Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) can be acquired and transmitted in the community. Data o...

    Authors: Deving Arias Ramos, Julián Andrés Hoyos Pulgarín, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, John Alexander Alzate, Juan Camilo Olaya Gómez, Isabella Cortés Bonilla and Camila Vargas Mosquera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:540
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Staphylococcus saccharolyticus is a rarely encountered coagulase-negative, which grows slowly and its strictly anaerobic staphylococcus from the skin. It is usually considered a contaminant, but some rare reports...

    Authors: Marie-Charlotte Trojani, Brigitte Lamy, Raymond Ruimy, Nicolas Amoretti, Karine Risso and Christian Roux
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:539
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. The risk of life-threatening complications, such as visceral disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, is greater in immunosuppressed individuals, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

    Authors: Veronica Vassia, Alessandro Croce, Paolo Ravanini, Monica Leutner, Chiara Saglietti, Stefano Fangazio, Marco Quaglia and Carlo Smirne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:538
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. Twelve students experienced symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at a training base in Beijing from August 26 to August 30, 2015. We investigated the cause of this ARI outbreak.

    Authors: Guilan Lu, Xiaomin Peng, Renqing Li, Yimeng Liu, Zhanguo Wu, Xifeng Wang, Daitao Zhang, Jiachen Zhao, Ying Sun, Li Zhang, Peng Yang and Quanyi Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:537
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, early, ideally real-time, identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals is pivotal in interrupting infection chains. Volatile organic compounds produced during...

    Authors: Paula Jendrny, Claudia Schulz, Friederike Twele, Sebastian Meller, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Erasmus Osterhaus, Janek Ebbers, Veronika Pilchová, Isabell Pink, Tobias Welte, Michael Peter Manns, Anahita Fathi, Christiane Ernst, Marylyn Martina Addo, Esther Schalke and Holger Andreas Volk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:536
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) are an area of concern in the scarcity of new antifungals. The mixed form of bIFIs is a rare phenomenon but could be potentially a troublesome challenge when cau...

    Authors: Ali Amanati, Mehrzad Lotfi, Mohammad Sadegh Masoudi, Hadis Jafarian, Fatemeh Ghasemi, Haleh Bozorgi and Parisa Badiee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:535
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Plasmodium falciparum parasites, which could harbour anti-malaria drug resistance genes, are commonly detected in blood donors in malaria-endemic areas. Notwithstanding, anti-malaria drug resistant biomarkers hav...

    Authors: Enoch Aninagyei, Kwabena Obeng Duedu, Tanko Rufai, Comfort Dede Tetteh, Margaretta Gloria Chandi, Paulina Ampomah and Desmond Omane Acheampong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:533
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The World Health Organisation recommends the use of tenofovir-containing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an additional Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention choice for men and women at substantial r...

    Authors: Cherise L. Naicker, Leila E. Mansoor, Halima Dawood, Kogieleum Naidoo, Denzhe Singo, David Matten, Carolyn Williamson and Quarraisha Abdool Karim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:532
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. China is a country with a high burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Chongqing is in the southwest of China, where the notification rate of PTB ranks tenth in China. This study analyzed the temporal and spat...

    Authors: Ya Yu, Bo Wu, Chengguo Wu, Qingya Wang, Daiyu Hu and Wei Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:531
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (Pfdhps) mutations compromise the effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria, and ...

    Authors: George M. Bwire, Wigilya P. Mikomangwa and Manase Kilonzi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:530
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The risk of viral hepatitis among healthcare students (HCSs) is greater than that among the general population. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of the hepatitis A virus (H...

    Authors: Ayla Acikgoz, Dilek Cimrin, Servet Kizildag, Nuran Esen, Pinar Balci and Ayca Arzu Sayiner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:529
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Limited information exists about the epidemiology of HBV infection in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess sero-prevalenc...

    Authors: Bedru Argaw, Adane Mihret, Abraham Aseffa, Azeb Tarekegne, Siraj Hussen, Demelash Wachamo, Techalew Shimelis and Rawleigh Howe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:528
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Conidiobolus spp. (mainly C. coronatus) are the causal agents of rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, a limited soft tissue infection, which is essentially observed in immunocompetent individuals from tropical areas....

    Authors: E. Stavropoulou, A. T. Coste, C. Beigelman-Aubry, I. Letovanec, O. Spertini, A. Lovis, T. Krueger, R. Burger, P. Y. Bochud and F. Lamoth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:527
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. With the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, understanding the basic epidemiological parameter values of COVID-19 from real-world data in mega-cities is essential for disease prevention and control.

    Authors: Xiaoli Wang, Yang Pan, Daitao Zhang, Lijuan Chen, Lei Jia, Xinyu Li, Peng Yang, Quanyi Wang and C. Raina Macintyre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:526
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis, and these infections are associated with a high mortality rate. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is critical in clinical practi...

    Authors: Shu-Jin Fan, Hong-Kun Tan, Yu-Cheng Xu, Yuan-Zhi Chen, Tian-Ao Xie, Zhi-Yong Pan, Shi Ouyang, Qin Li, Xiao-yan Li, Zhen-Xing Li and Xu-Guang Guo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:525
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:560

  23. Currently recommended boosted protease-inhibitor (bPI) regimens may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular or chronic kidney diseases; in addition, boosted regimens are particularly associated wit...

    Authors: Collins C. Iwuji, Duncan Churchill, Stephen Bremner, Nicky Perry, Ye To, Debbie Lambert, Chloe Bruce, Laura Waters, Chloe Orkin and Anna Maria Geretti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:524
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Assessing the burden of rickettsial infections in Ontario, Canada, is challenging since rickettsial infections are not reportable to public health. In the absence of reportable disease data, we assessed the bu...

    Authors: Mark P. Nelder, Curtis B. Russell, Steven Johnson, Ye Li, Kirby Cronin, Bryna Warshawsky, Nicholas Brandon and Samir N. Patel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:523
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) may be resistant to immunosuppression reduction and ribavirin treatment in kidney transplant recipients because of mutant strains and severe side effects of ribavirin which conduct to d...

    Authors: I. Ollivier-Hourmand, L. Lebedel, A. Lecouf, M. Allaire, T. T. N. Nguyen, C. Lier and T. Dao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:522
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  26. The widespread administration of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine has led to the predominance of non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi). However, the occurrence of invasive NTHi infection based on gynecologic ...

    Authors: Yoshito Nishimura, Hideharu Hagiya, Kaoru Kawano, Yuya Yokota, Kosuke Oka, Koji Iio, Kou Hasegawa, Mikako Obika, Tomoko Haruma, Sawako Ono, Hisashi Masuyama and Fumio Otsuka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:521
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. Dirofilariasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection transmitted from animals to humans by culicid mosquitoes. Although the disease can be caused by Dirofilaria spp. including Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repe...

    Authors: Razieh Parsa, Ali Sedighi, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Bamorovat and Saeid Nasibi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:520
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan and has quickly spread across the world. The mortal...

    Authors: Dan Wang, Ruifang Li, Juan Wang, Qunqun Jiang, Chang Gao, Juan Yang, Lintong Ge and Qing Hu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:519
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and increasing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in C. jejuni are a major public health concern. The rapid detection and tracking of...

    Authors: Nereyda Espinoza, Jesús Rojas, Simon Pollett, Rina Meza, Lilian Patiño, Manuel Leiva, Máximo Camiña, Manuela Bernal, Nathanael D. Reynolds, Ryan Maves, Drake H. Tilley, Matthew Kasper and Mark P. Simons
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:518
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency of major international concern. Real-time RT-PCR ...

    Authors: Li-Da Chen, Hao Li, Yu-Ming Ye, Zhi Wu, Ya-Ping Huang, Wei-Liang Zhang and Li Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:517
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. The role of ultrasonography-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (PNA) for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains without consensus, especially in abscesses 3 to 6 cm in diameter. The objective of this stu...

    Authors: Shuangjun He, Jie Yu, Hairong Wang, Xuelian Chen, Zhanqiang He and Yi Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:516
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Procalcitonin is an inflammatory biomarker that is sensitive for bacterial infections and a promising clinical decision aid in antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, there are few studies of physicians’ ...

    Authors: Ingrid Christensen, Jon Birger Haug, Dag Berild, Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt and Lars-Petter Jelsness-Jørgensen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:515
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Worldwide, an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been observed. Until now, no protocol for an external quality assessment (EQA) has been available for Germany. The German gono...

    Authors: Regina Selb, Klaus Jansen, Matthias Eckardt, Thalea Tamminga, Sandra Dudareva, Martyna Gassowski, Ingeborg Graeber, Eva Guhl, Dagmar Heuer and Susanne Buder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:514
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Imported falciparum malaria from Africa has become a key public health challenge in Guizhou Province since 2012. Understanding the polymorphisms of molecular markers of drug resistance can guide selection of a...

    Authors: Danya She, Zhengyan Wang, Qiuguo Liang, Lidan Lu, Yuting Huang, Ke Zhang, Dong An and Jiahong Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:513
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The aims of this study were to identify the predictive factors for microbiological diagnosis through disco-vertebral biopsy (DVB) in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) and negative blood cult...

    Authors: Caroline Diffre, Camille Jousset, Anne-Laure Roux, Clara Duran, Latifa Noussair, Martin Rottman, Robert-Yves Carlier and Aurélien Dinh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:512
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium infections continue to be a significant public health threat worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance among 147 S. Typhimur...

    Authors: Nian Dong, Yongrui Li, Jiayong Zhao, Hui Ma, Jinyan Wang, Beibei Liang, Xinying Du, Fuli Wu, Shengli Xia, Xiaoxia Yang, Hongbo Liu, Chaojie Yang, Shaofu Qiu, Hongbin Song, Leili Jia, Yan Li…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:511
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Tuberculosis and intestinal parasites are mostly affecting poor people. They are in a vicious since one is the risk factor for the other. However, the comprehensive report on the burden and co-incidence of int...

    Authors: Ayinalem Alemu, Zebenay Workneh Bitew and Teshager Worku
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:510
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Complete clearance of intracellular viruses depends on effector cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. This study aimed to identify the relationships among antiviral cytokines produced by natural killer ...

    Authors: Yurong Gu, Yifan Lian, Qiaolan Zheng, Zexuan Huang, Lin Gu, Yanhua Bi, Jing Li, Yanlin Huang, Yuankai Wu, Lubiao Chen and Yuehua Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:509
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Increased coagulation biomarkers are associated with poor outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV). There are few data available from African cohorts demonstrating the effect of antiretroviral therapy (AR...

    Authors: Chloe A. Teasdale, Cecilia Hernandez, Allison Zerbe, Duncan Chege, Mark Hawken and Wafaa M. El-Sadr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:508
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variatio...

    Authors: Hongxin Li, Lin Zhou, Yong Zhao, Lijuan Ma, Xiaoyan Liu and Jin Hu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:507
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Meningococcal meningitis (MM) is a life-threatening disease associated with approximately 10% case fatality rates and neurological sequelae in 10–20% of the cases. Recently, we have shown that the matrix metal...

    Authors: Susanna Ricci, Denis Grandgirard, Ilias Masouris, Tiziana Braccini, Gianni Pozzi, Marco R. Oggioni, Uwe Koedel and Stephen L. Leib
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:505
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Kenya introduced the monovalent G1P [8] Rotarix® vaccine into the infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends in rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre- (January 2010–June 2014) an...

    Authors: Mike J. Mwanga, Betty E. Owor, John B. Ochieng, Mwanajuma H. Ngama, Billy Ogwel, Clayton Onyango, Jane Juma, Regina Njeru, Elijah Gicheru, Grieven P. Otieno, Sammy Khagayi, Charles N. Agoti, Godfrey M. Bigogo, Richard Omore, O. Yaw Addo, Seheri Mapaseka…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:504
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Understanding the relationship between malaria infection risk and disease outcomes represents a fundamental component of morbidity and mortality burden estimations. Contemporary data on severe malaria risks am...

    Authors: Arthur Mpimbaza, Richard Walemwa, James Kapisi, Asadu Sserwanga, Jane Frances Namuganga, Yasin Kisambira, Abner Tagoola, Jane Frances Nanteza, Damain Rutazaana, Sarah G. Staedke, Grant Dorsey, Jimmy Opigo, Alice Kamau and Robert W. Snow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:503
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Pregnant women are at high risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. In addition, maternal influenza infection may lead to adverse birth outcomes. However, there is insufficient data on long-term impa...

    Authors: Joon Young Song, Keon Vin Park, Sung Won Han, Min Joo Choi, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Min-Jeong Oh and Geum Joon Cho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:502
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as an emerging public health threat by the World Health Organization. As various measures have been taken successfully to combat the epidemi...

    Authors: Xiaoxi Zhou, Jianfeng Zhou and Jianping Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:500
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  48. Streptomyces cacaoi, Gram-positive, branched, filamentous bacillus forms without fragmentation, are saprophytic soil organisms rarely known to cause invasive infections other than mycetoma. Here we describe a cas...

    Authors: Lu Ai, Han Huang, Zhongwen Wu, Pingjuan Liu, Jianyu Huang and Yili Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:499
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. Yersinia enterocolitica is an aero-anaerobic Gram-negative coccobacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family, rarely reported in osteoarticular infection.

    Authors: Frédéric Wallet, Anne-Sophie Le Guern, Malo Penven, Eric Senneville, Cyril Savin and Caroline Loïez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:498
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. Despite high overall population vaccine coverage, identified clusters of persons refraining from vaccination interfere with pursued measles elimination. Clinical diagnosis of measles is often obvious due to it...

    Authors: Claire Grolhier, Charlotte Pronier, Arielle Belem, Julia Dina, Astrid Vabret, José-Hector Aranda Grau, Pierre Tattevin and Vincent Thibault
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:496
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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