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  1. COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial super...

    Authors: Ehsan Sharifipour, Saeed Shams, Mohammad Esmkhani, Javad Khodadadi, Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani, Alireza Koohpaei, Zahra Doosti and Samad EJ Golzari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:646
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. During the outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq that started in 2015, the course of the disease and the treatment were not consistent with the available literature. Physicians, p...

    Authors: Dindar S. Qurtas and Nazar Pauls Shabila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:645
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. To explore the clinical features and CT findings of clinically cured coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with viral RNA positive anal swab results after discharge.

    Authors: Hui Zhou, Liping Zhu, Yueshuang Leng, Dongcui Wang, Harrison X. Bai, Zeng Xiong, Linbo Shi and Weihua Liao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:644
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The transmission features and the feasibility of containing shigellosis remain unclear among a population-based study in China.

    Authors: Jia Rui, Qi Chen, Qiuping Chen, Qingqing Hu, Mikah Ngwanguong Hannah, Zeyu Zhao, Yao Wang, Xingchun Liu, Zhao Lei, Shanshan Yu, Yi-Chen Chiang, Benhua Zhao, Yanhua Su, Bin Zhao and Tianmu Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:643
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Evidence suggested that vaginal microbiome played a functional role in the progression of cervical lesions in female infected by HPV. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of common vaginal infection on...

    Authors: Mei Yang, Lin Li, Chunfan Jiang, Xiaomin Qin, Min Zhou, Xiaogang Mao and Hui Xing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:642
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Maternal poliovirus antibodies could provide passive immunity to the newborns from poliovirus infection during their first few months of life, but they may impair the immune responses of infants to the poliovi...

    Authors: Siyue Jia, Rong Tang, Guifan Li, Yuemei Hu and Qi Liang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:641
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply, with more than 14,000,000 people infected and nearly 600,000 deaths. This review aimed to summarize the epidemiologic traits, clinical spectrum, CT results ...

    Authors: Yewei Xie, Zaisheng Wang, Huipeng Liao, Gifty Marley, Dan Wu and Weiming Tang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:640
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Dengue fever is an arthropod vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes. Ethiopia has a favorable ecology for arthropods and report high burden of acute febrile illnesses. However,...

    Authors: Daniel Eshetu, Techalew Shimelis, Eshetu Nigussie, Girma Shumie, Wakwoya Chali, Biruck Yeshitela, Abraham Assefa and Endalamaw Gadisa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:639
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and severity. Studies investigating potential effects of co-morbid human immunodeficiency virus (...

    Authors: André Rolim Belisário, Paula F. Blatyta, Diana Vivanco, Claudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira, Anna Bárbara Carneiro-Proietti, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Cesar de Almeida-Neto, Paula Loureiro, Cláudia Máximo, Sheila de Oliveira Garcia Mateos, Miriam V. Flor-Park, Daniela de Oliveira Werneck Rodrigues, Rosimere Afonso Mota, Thelma T. Gonçalez, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Shannon Kelly…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:638
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. An ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Recently, several articles have mentioned that the early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 signific...

    Authors: Jingen Xia, Yingying Feng, Min Li, Xin Yu, Yi Zhang, Jun Duan and Qingyuan Zhan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:637
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. Key populations - men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW) and people who inject drugs (PWID) – are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) given their sexual risk behaviours al...

    Authors: Makini A. S. Boothe, Charlotte Comé, Cynthia Semá Baltazar, Noela Chicuecue, Jessica Seleme, Denise Chitsondzo Langa, Isabel Sathane, Henry F. Raymond, Erika Fazito, Marleen Temmerman and Stanley Luchters
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:636
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted in bioaerosols containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Despite being central to ongoing TB transmission, no routine diagnostic assay exists to measure Mtb in bioaerosols. Fur...

    Authors: Benjamin Patterson, Anastasia Koch, Sophia Gessner, Ryan Dinkele, Melitta Gqada, Wayne Bryden, Frank Cobelens, Francesca Little, Digby F. Warner and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:587
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:624

  13. Data regarding the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in cystic fibrosis patients are scarce. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge on the effect of MBL production o...

    Authors: M. Carugati, A. Piazza, A. M. Peri, L. Cariani, M. Brilli, D. Girelli, D. Di Carlo, A. Gramegna, M. Pappalettera, F. Comandatore, G. Grasselli, A. P. Cantù, M. Arghittu, A. Gori, C. Bandi, F. Blasi…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:635
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. People who inject drugs (PWID) have increased risk of acquiring blood-transmitted chronic viral infections such as Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as well as increas...

    Authors: Sara Thønnings, Filip Jansåker, Christoffer Sundqvist, Rebekka Faber Thudium, Susanne Dam Nielsen and Jenny Dahl Knudsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:634
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Cases of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have been increasing recently; however, whether viral coinfection or macrolide-resistant M. infection contribute to the development of refractory M. pneumoniae ...

    Authors: Yajuan Zhou, Jing Wang, Wenjuan Chen, Nan Shen, Yue Tao, Ruike Zhao, Lijuan Luo, Biru Li and Qing Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:633
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Viral relapse is a major concern in hepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral therapy. Currently, there are no satisfactory methods to predict viral relapse, especially in the era of direct acting antivirals in which ...

    Authors: Peng Peng, Yanjuan Xu, Michael W. Fried, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie and Xiaofeng Fan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:632
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  17. The drug resistance and the virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are quite severe in Liangshan. A better understanding of the virologic failure of ART and the HIV-1 transmission network dynamics i...

    Authors: Dan Yuan, Meijing Liu, Yiping Li, Peng Jia, Ling Su, Li Ye, Yan Zhang, Pan Ling, Chang Zhou, Shu Liang, Hong Yang, Honglu Liu and Shujuan Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:631
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus was first reported in mainland China in 2013, and alarming in 2016–17 due to the surge across a wide geographic area. Our study aimed to identify and explore the spatial and temp...

    Authors: Xuzheng Shan, Yongqin Wang, Ruihong Song, Wen Wei, Hongxiu Liao, Huang Huang, Chunqiong Xu, Lvlin Chen and Shiyun Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:630
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. In this study, the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and vaginal microbiome was evaluated in Chinese cohorts.

    Authors: Yulian Chen, Xingdi Qiu, Wenjing Wang, Dong Li, Anyue Wu, Zubei Hong, Wen Di and Lihua Qiu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:629
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Guidelines emphasize prompt antiviral treatment in severe influenza patients. Although nearly a 50% of severe influenza present with pneumonia, the effect of early (≤ 2 days after illness onset) neuraminidase ...

    Authors: Liang Chen, Xiudi Han, Yan Li Li, Chunxiao Zhang and Xiqian Xing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:628
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The epidemiological pattern of hepatitis A infection has shown dynamic changes in many parts of the world due to improved socio-economic conditions and the accumulation of seronegative subjects, which leads to...

    Authors: Kaouther Ayouni, Bechir Naffeti, Walid Ben Aribi, Jihène Bettaieb, Walid Hammami, Afif Ben Salah, Hamadi Ammar, Slimane Ben Miled and Henda Triki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:627
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. There is evidence that males have higher incidence rates (IR) of campylobacteriois than females. The objectives of this study were to determine whether these observations differ between age groups and are cons...

    Authors: Manfred S. Green, Naama Schwartz and Victoria Peer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:625
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Benjamin Patterson, Anastasia Koch, Sophia Gessner, Ryan Dinkele, Melitta Gqada, Wayne Bryden, Frank Cobelens, Francesca Little, Digby F. Warner and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:624
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:587

  25. Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the most important cause of poor TB outcomes, and improving support for TB patients is a primary priority for governments, but there has been little research on ...

    Authors: Xu Chen, Liang Du, Ruiheng Wu, Jia Xu, Haoqiang Ji, Yu Zhang, Xuexue Zhu and Ling Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:623
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. To improve treatment outcomes for tuberculosis (TB), efforts to reduce treatment failure are necessary. The aim of our study was to describe the characteristics of subjects who had failed treatment of tubercul...

    Authors: Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Joosun Lee, Ju Sang Kim, Jae Seuk Park and Sung-Soon Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:622
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. We aimed to describe an outbreak of cutaneous abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) among gold mine workers.

    Authors: Husna Ismail, Nelesh P. Govender, Ashika Singh-Moodley, Erika van Schalkwyk, Liliwe Shuping, Itumeleng Moema, Gal Feller, Ruth Mogokotleng, Wilhelmina Strasheim, Michelle Lowe, Ruth Mpembe, Serisha Naicker, Tsidiso G. Maphanga, Cecilia De Abreu, Farzana Ismail, Nazir Ismail…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:621
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Jayalaxmi Wangkheimayum, Mohana Bhattacharjee, Bhaskar Jyoti Das, K. Melson Singha, Debadatta Dhar Chanda and Amitabha Bhattacharjee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:620
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:544

  29. Neisseria macacae was discovered in the oral cavity of monkeys in 1983. In humans, it has been isolated from the upper respiratory tract of neutropenic patients. However, only two cases of N. macacae bacteremia h...

    Authors: Yasumasa Yamamoto, Norihiko Terada, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Hanako Kurai and Kiyofumi Ohkusu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:619
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Vibrio cholerae are oxidase-positive bacteria that are classified into various serotypes based on the O surface antigen. V. cholerae serotypes are divided into two main groups: the O1 and O139 group and the non-O...

    Authors: Keisuke Tsuruta, Toru Ueyama, Tomoo Watanabe, Kenichi Nakano, Kenji Uno and Hidetada Fukushima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:618
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on heterogeneity of the nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into n...

    Authors: Yi Yi Kyaw, Aye Aye Lwin, Khin Saw Aye, Hlaing Myat Thu, Moh Moh Htun, Hnin Ohmar Soe, Kay Thi Aye, Kyaw Zin Thant, Hyeon Jeong Hwang and JaeHun Cheong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:552
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Millions of lives around the world are being saved annually through blood transfusion. However, blood transfusion is among the essential vehicles for transmitting infections. The overall prevalence of Transfus...

    Authors: Mohamed Aabdien, Nagah Selim, Sayed Himatt, Saloua Hmissi, Zeyd Merenkov, Noora AlKubaisi, Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, Abdelatif Abdelmola, Shadi Khelfa, Elmoubasher Farag, Hamad E. Al-Romaihi, Mohamed Al-Thani, Moutaz Derbala and Saad Al-Kaabi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:617
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The rise in antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, and antibiotic overuse needs to be reduced. Earlier studies of out-of-hours care have indicated that antibiotic prescribing is less appropri...

    Authors: Olof Cronberg, Mia Tyrstrup, Kim Ekblom and Katarina Hedin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:616
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The global prevalent ptxP3 strains varies from about 10% to about 50% of circulating B. pertussis population in different areas of China.

    Authors: Zengguo Wang, Yang Luan, Quanli Du, Chang Shu, Xiaokang Peng, Huijing Wei, Tiejun Hou, Ying Liu, Xiaoguai Liu and Yarong Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:615
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The most common aetiological agents of mucormycosis are Rhizopus, Mucor, Apophysomyces and Lichtheimia. Apophysomyces is comparatively rare, as it has been reported in less than 3% of mucormycosis cases. The genu...

    Authors: Erick Martínez-Herrera, María Guadalupe Frías-De-León, Angélica Julián-Castrejón, Luis Cruz-Benítez, Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes and Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:614
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Strongyloidiasis is caused by the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis and is well-recognised amongst transplant recipients. Serious complications, including Strongyloides hyperinfection which is a syndrome of acce...

    Authors: Christina Lai, Matthew Anderson, Rebecca Davis, Lyndal Anderson, Kate Wyburn, Steve Chadban and David Gracey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:613
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. The poliovirus has been targeted for eradication since 1988. Kenya reported its last case of indigenous Wild Poliovirus (WPV) in 1984 but suffered from an outbreak of circulating Vaccine-derived Poliovirus typ...

    Authors: Brook Tesfaye, Alieu Sowe, Ngina Kisangau, John Ogange, Stephen Ntoburi, Irene Nekar, Charles Muitherero, Yaya Camara, Carolyne Gathenji, Daniel Langat, Kibet Sergon, Hilary Limo, Rosemary Nzunza, Shem Kiptoon, David Kareko and Iheoma Onuekwusi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:611
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Episodes of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are associated with disease severity and progression. Although sub...

    Authors: Juan Wang, Jianmin Chai, Lina Sun, Jiangchao Zhao and Chun Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:610
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Ratios of different immune cell populations (i.e., monocyte-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios) have been studied as a means of predicting future tuberculosis (TB) disease ...

    Authors: Christiaan A. Rees, Dwan B. Pineros, Maryam Amour, Patricia Munseri, Jamila Said, Albert Magohe, Mecky Matee, Kisali Pallangyo and C. Fordham von Reyn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:609
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. This study aimed to identify ten different 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes (rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, armA, rmtF, npmA, rmtH, rmtE and rmtG) and their coexisting ESBL and carbapenemase with the emergence of three

    Authors: Jayalaxmi Wangkheimayum, Mohana Bhattacharjee, Bhaskar Jyoti Das, K. Melson Singha, Debadatta Dhar Chanda and Amitabha Bhattacharjee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:544
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:620

  42. Invasive fungal pneumonia is a severe infectious disease with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, the clinical diagnosis of the pathogen(s) remains difficult since microbiological evidence i...

    Authors: Kaiyu Zhang, Chen Yu, Yuxiang Li and Yang Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:608
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. During an evolving outbreak or pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including physical distancing, isolation, and mask use may flatten the peak in communities. However, these strategies rely on co...

    Authors: Holly Seale, Clare E. F. Dyer, Ikram Abdi, Kazi M. Rahman, Yanni Sun, Mohammed O. Qureshi, Alexander Dowell-Day, Jonathon Sward and M. Saiful Islam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:607
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Influenza virus (FLU) are leading causes of hospitalization in young children. Yet, there is little data on factors associated with antibiotic use in the...

    Authors: Cihan Papan, Meike Willersinn, Christel Weiß, Michael Karremann, Horst Schroten and Tobias Tenenbaum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:606
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Herpetic esophagitis (EH) usually affects those who are immunocompromised and is uncommon in immunocompetent patients. In these cases, EH may occasionally present as an acute and self-limited illness. Such cas...

    Authors: Alba M. Diezma-Martín, Esther Gigante-Miravalles, Juan Diego Castro Limo, Carlos Andrés Quimbayo Arcila and Juan José Puche Paniagua
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:605
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines suggest 7–14 days’ duration of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The o...

    Authors: Bhitta Surapat, Preecha Montakantikul, Kumthorn Malathum, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Pitak Santanirand and Busba Chindavijak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:604
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is divided in two distinct groups, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated HAP (nvHAP). Although nvHAP occurs more frequently than VAP and results ...

    Authors: Aline Wolfensberger, Lauren Clack, Stefanie von Felten, Katharina Kusejko, Mirjam Faes Hesse, Werner Jakob, Dirk Saleschus, Marie-Theres Meier, Roger Kouyos, Leonhard Held and Hugo Sax
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:603
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:115

  48. Listeriosis is a rare but severe foodborne infectious disease. Perinatal listeriosis is often associated with septicemia, central nervous system (CNS) infection, and serious adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarr...

    Authors: Chunyun Li, Huihui Zeng, Xin Ding, Yi Chen, Xiaowei Liu, Li Zhou, Xin Wang, Yumei Cheng, Shanshan Hu, Zheng Cao, Ruixia Liu and Chenghong Yin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:601
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is a relatively common cause of renal dysfunction in the first six months after renal transplantation. It arises from reactivation of the latent and usually harmless BK ...

    Authors: Thomas Crowhurst, James Nolan, Randall Faull, Mark Holmes and Chien-Li Holmes-Liew
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:600
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. Fungal bloodstream infections (FBI) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients are increasing. Our objective was to characterize the fungal pathogens that cause bloodstream infections and determine the epidemiol...

    Authors: Guangwen Xiao, Wanqing Liao, Yuenong Zhang, Xiaodong Luo, Cailing Zhang, Guodan Li, Yingping Yang and Yunyao Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:599
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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