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  1. Infection with Salmonella enterica usually results in diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, but some people become asymptomatic or chronic carrier as a source of infection for others. This study aimed to analyze...

    Authors: Haiyan Xu, Weibing Zhang, Kai Zhang, Yue Zhang, Zhenyu Wang, Wei Zhang, Yang Li and Qiuchun Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:632
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. COVID-19 continuously threated public health heavily. Present study aimed to investigate the lymphocyte subset alterations with disease severity, imaging manifestation, and delayed hospitalization in COVID-19 ...

    Authors: Daxian Wu, Xiaoping Wu, Jiansheng Huang, Qunfang Rao, Qi Zhang and Wenfeng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:631
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Carriage of virulence factors confers some evolutionary benefit to bacteria, which favors the resistant strains. We aimed to analyze whether antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains is affected ...

    Authors: Safoura Derakhshan, Masoumeh Navidinia and Fakhri Haghi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:627
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Bacteroides dorei is an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium first described in 2006. Because of the high similarity in mass spectra between B. dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, discriminating between these species is...

    Authors: Takayuki Matsuoka, Takuya Shimizu, Tadanori Minagawa, Wakiko Hiranuma, Miki Takeda, Risako Kakuta and Shunsuke Kawamoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:625
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. With over 50 SARS-CoV-2 gene amplification assays that have been EUA cleared with minimal experimental validation performed, it is likely that not all of these assays are comparable in their ability to detect ...

    Authors: Paul A. Granato, Simon R. Kimball, Brenda R. Alkins, Deirdre C. Cross and Melissa M. Unz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:623
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease, which mainly affects poor communities. It is one of the major vector-borne disease and endemic in Pakistan.

    Authors: Behzad Kayani, Shakera Sadiq, Hamad Bin Rashid, Naseer Ahmed, Altaf Mahmood, Muhammad Shakeel Khaliq, Rubab Maqsood, Haroon Rashid, Saima Hasan, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq, Ubaid-ur-Rehman Zia and Mamoona Chaudhry
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:622
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Psittacosis, which is also known as parrot fever, is Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) caused infectious disease. The clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic infection to severe atypical pneumonia or even f...

    Authors: Yunfeng Shi, Junxian Chen, Xiaohan Shi, Jiajia Hu, Hongtao Li, Xiaojie Li, Yanhong Wang and Benquan Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:621
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. Candida pelliculosa is an ecological fungal species that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. Numerous studies globally have shown that C. pelliculosa infects neonates. An outbreak recently occu...

    Authors: Zhijie Zhang, Yu Cao, Yanjian Li, Xufang Chen, Chen Ding and Yong Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:620
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Current guidelines recommend empiric antibiotics as first-line treatment for uncomplicated UTI. Despite proven benefits in treatment, antibiotic resistance rates remain on the rise. This meta-analysis aims to ...

    Authors: Albert Macaire C. Ong Lopez, Charles Jeffrey L. Tan, Antonio S. Yabon II and Armin N. Masbang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:619
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Nutrition is a crucial factor that can impact morbidity and mortality in older people living with HIV (PLWH). Studies on nutritional risk and nutritional status in all age groups in PLWH have been conducted. H...

    Authors: Xiaoning Liu, Jing Cao, Zheng Zhu, Xia Zhao, Jing Zhou, Qiuxia Deng, Liyuan Zhang and Hui Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:618
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Seasonal influenza leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid self-tests could improve access to influenza testing in community settings. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a mobile app-g...

    Authors: Monica L. Zigman Suchsland, Ivan Rahmatullah, Barry Lutz, Victoria Lyon, Shichu Huang, Enos Kline, Chelsey Graham, Shawna Cooper, Philip Su, Sam Smedinghoff, Helen Y. Chu, Kara Sewalk, John S. Brownstein and Matthew J. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:617
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Critically ill patients frequently suffer from vitamin C deficiency. Previous studies showed that high doses of vitamin C administration had conflicting results on clinical outcomes in patients with severe sep...

    Authors: Ata Mahmoodpoor, Kamran Shadvar, Sarvin Sanaie, Mir Reza Hadipoor, Mohammad Ata Pourmoghaddam and Seied Hadi Saghaleini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:616
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Authors: Marion Opatowski, Christian Brun-Buisson, Mehdi Touat, Jérôme Salomon, Didier Guillemot, Philippe Tuppin and Laurence Watier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:615
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:571

  15. Despite the global roll-out of rotavirus vaccines (RotaTeq/Rotarix / ROTAVAC/Rotasiil), mortality and morbidity due to group A rotavirus (RVA) remains high in sub-Saharan Africa, causing 104,000 deaths and 600...

    Authors: Rahinatou N. Ghapoutsa, Maurice Boda, Rashi Gautam, Valantine Ngum Ndze, Akongnwi E. Mugyia, Francois-Xavier Etoa, Michael D. Bowen and Mathew D. Esona
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:614
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The common funduscopic manifestations are haemorrhagic necrotising variety and granular ...

    Authors: Shi Tang, Ning Zhao, Li Yang Wang and Ying Wen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:613
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. The unexpected outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused more than 49 million cases and an estimated 2,000,000 associated deaths worldwide. In Germany, there are...

    Authors: Alexander Kusnik, Christel Weiss, Melanie Neubauer, Bianca Huber, Marlis Gerigk, Thomas Miethke, Nicole Hunter, Nicole Rotter, Sonja Ludwig, Angela Schell, Matthias P. Ebert and Andreas Teufel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:612
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CREC) is a new emerging threat to global public health. The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of ...

    Authors: Jingjing Chen, Sufei Tian, Hua Nian, Ruixuan Wang, Fushun Li, Ning Jiang and Yunzhuo Chu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:611
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Current clinical guidelines recommend treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a minority of cases, but there are relatively scarce data on evolution or progression of liver inflammation and fibro...

    Authors: Tingyan Wang, David A. Smith, Cori Campbell, Jolynne Mokaya, Oliver Freeman, Hizni Salih, Anna L. McNaughton, Sarah Cripps, Kinga A. Várnai, Theresa Noble, Kerrie Woods, Jane Collier, Katie Jeffery, Jim Davies, Eleanor Barnes and Philippa C. Matthews
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:610
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) continues to be a major public-health burden in this highly stigmatised population. To halt transmission of HCV, rapid HCV self-te...

    Authors: Guillermo Z. Martínez-Pérez, Danil S. Nikitin, Alla Bessonova, Emmanuel Fajardo, Sergei Bessonov and Sonjelle Shilton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:609
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Convenient and precise assessment of the severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributes to the timely patient treatment and prognosis improvement. We aimed to evaluate the ability of CT-based radi...

    Authors: Zongyu Xie, Haitao Sun, Jian Wang, He Xu, Shuhua Li, Cancan Zhao, Yuqing Gao, Xiaolei Wang, Tongtong Zhao, Shaofeng Duan, Chunhong Hu and Weiqun Ao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:608
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Diagnostic test evaluation includes measures of performance and assessment of operational characteristics. The latter focuses on end-user understanding of instructions to perform the test, ease of use, test tu...

    Authors: Chishimba Mubanga, Kabemba E. Mwape, Isaac K. Phiri, Chiara Trevisan, Mwemezi Kabululu, Gideon Zulu, Inge Van Damme, Veronika Schmidt, Pierre Dorny and Sarah Gabriël
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:607
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and mortality is an important aspect of burden of disease. Using a multinational population-based cohort of E. coli BSIs, our objectives ...

    Authors: Melissa C. MacKinnon, Scott A. McEwen, David L. Pearl, Outi Lyytikäinen, Gunnar Jacobsson, Peter Collignon, Daniel B. Gregson, Louis Valiquette and Kevin B. Laupland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:606
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Detection of pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) patients is critical, especially in dealing with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) case. Up to date, PZA drug su...

    Authors: Yang Che, Dingyi Bo, Xiang Lin, Tong Chen, Tianfeng He and Yi Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:605
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Authors: Yao Li, Xiaojie Huang, Hui Chen, Yuanyuan Qin, Jianhua Hou, Aixin Li, Hao Wu, Xiaofeng Yan and Yaokai Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:604
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:410

  26. Authors: Esther Merlini, Alessandro Cozzi-lepri, Antonella Castagna, Andrea Costantini, Sergio Lo Caputo, Stefania Carrara, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Maria A. Ursitti, Andrea Antinori, Antonella D’Arminio Monforte and Giulia Marchetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:603
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:557

  27. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world, until now, the number of positive and death cases is still increasing. Therefore, it remains important to identify risk factors for death in cri...

    Authors: Jinghua Gao, Li Zhong, Ming Wu, Jingjing Ji, Zheying Liu, Conglin Wang, Qifeng Xie and Zhifeng Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:602
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Gastrointestinal illness is a major cause of morbidity in travellers and is a common reason for presentation to healthcare services on return. Whilst the aetiology of imported gastrointestinal disease is predo...

    Authors: Robert A. Lever, Louis Tapper, Sophie Skarbek, Peter L. Chiodini, Margaret Armstrong and Robin L. Bailey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:599
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Early diagnosis and treatment of Buruli ulcer is critical in order to avoid the debilitating effects of the disease. In this regard, the development of new diagnostic and point of care tools is encouraged. The...

    Authors: Anthony Ablordey, Evans Ahotor, Charles A. Narh, Sandra A. King, Isra Cruz, Joseph M. Ndung’u and Dziedzom K. de Souza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:598
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a primary pathogen of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). However, little data are available on combination with sepsis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and pro...

    Authors: Shixiao Li, Sufei Yu, Minfei Peng, Jiajia Qin, Chunyan Xu, Jiao Qian, Minmin He and Peng Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:597
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Measles outbreaks are prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa despite the preventive measures like vaccination that target under five-year-old children and health systems strengthening efforts like prioritizin...

    Authors: Abel Wilson Walekhwa, Moses Ntaro, Peter Chris Kawungezi, Chiara Achangwa, Rabbison Muhindo, Emmanuel Baguma, Michael Matte, Richard Migisha, Raquel Reyes, Peyton Thompson, Ross M. Boyce and Edgar M. Mulogo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:596
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. We aimed to assess the overall cardiovascular and metabolic effect of the switch to three different single tablet regimens (STRs) [tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/rilpivirine (TAF/FTC/RPV), TAF/FTC/elviteg...

    Authors: Andrea Giacomelli, Federico Conti, Laura Pezzati, Letizia Oreni, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Valentina Morena, Cecilia Bonazzetti, Gabriele Pagani, Tiziana Formenti, Massimo Galli and Stefano Rusconi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:595
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. UltraViolet-C (UV-C) lamps may be used to supplement current hospital cleaning and disinfection of surfaces contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Our aim is to provide some practical indications for the correct use of U...

    Authors: Manuela Lualdi, Adalberto Cavalleri, Andrea Bianco, Mara Biasin, Claudia Cavatorta, Mario Clerici, Paola Galli, Giovanni Pareschi and Emanuele Pignoli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:594
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) within the context of concurrent sexual relationship are prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) who have regular male sex partners and it aggravates the risk of HIV ...

    Authors: Sha Chen, Qingling Yang, Juan He, Xiongzhi Fan, Zhongqi Liu, Jialing Qiu, Zhiwei Zheng, Jing Gu, Weibin Cheng, Yuantao Hao, Jinghua Li and Chun Hao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:593
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Factors predicting peripheral blood total HIV-1 DNA size in chronically infected patients with successfully suppressed viremia remain unclear. Prognostic power of such factors are of clinical significance for ...

    Authors: Yongsong Yue, Yijia Li, Yizhi Cui, Nidan Wang, Yunda Huang, Wei Cao, Yang Han, Ting Zhu, Wei Lyu, Jing Xie, Xiaojing Song, Yanling Li, Tong Wang, Tuofu Zhu and Taisheng Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:592
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Authors: Sonia Vivian de Jezus, Thiago Nascimento do Prado, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio, Keila Cristina Mascarello, Carolina Maia Martins Sales, Maysa Mabel Fauth, Nahari de Faria Marcos Terena, Raphael Florindo Amorim, Vania Maria Silva Araujo, Miguel Angel López Aragón and Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:591
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:512

  40. Bloodstream infections due to Staphylococcus aureus cause significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Of major concern is the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in bloodstre...

    Authors: Joshua T. Smith, Elissa M. Eckhardt, Nicole B. Hansel, Tahmineh Rahmani Eliato, Isabella W. Martin and Cheryl P. Andam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:589
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to cause serious health problems among them is the Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling possibly partakes in the pat...

    Authors: Mohammad Taheri, Lina Moallemi Rad, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Fwad Nicknafs, Arezou Sayad and Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:588
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has been associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. We aimed to investigate the clinical features of non-HIV-infected patients wi...

    Authors: Zhao-Ming Chen, Zheng-Tu Li, Shao-Qiang Li, Wei-Jie Guan, Ye Qiu, Zi-Ying Lei, Yang-Qing Zhan, Hua Zhou, Sheng Lin, Xinni Wang, Zhun Li, Feng Yang, Wen Zeng, Ye Lin, Jing Liu, Jian-Quan Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:587
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Pertussis remain a global health concern, especially in infants too young to initiate their vaccination. Effective vaccination and high coverage limit the circulation of the pathogen, yet duration of protectio...

    Authors: Gaelle Noel, Masoumeh Nakhost Lotfi, Sajedeh Mirshahvalad, Sedaghatpour Mahdi, David Tavel, Seyed M. Zahraei, Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Tahereh Heidary, Aliahmad Goudarzi, Azardokht Kazemi, Abdollah Karimi, Alireza Nateghian, Mohand Ait-Ahmed, Nicole Guiso, Fereshteh Shahcheraghi and Fabien Taieb
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:586
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Human coronaviruses are causative agents of respiratory infections with several subtypes being prevalent worldwide. They cause respiratory illnesses of varying severity and have been described to be continuously ...

    Authors: Elijah Nicholas Mulabbi, Robert Tweyongyere, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Edison Mworozi, Jeff Koehlerb, Hannah Kibuuka, Monica Millard, Bernard Erima, Titus Tugume, Ukuli Qouilazoni Aquino and Denis K. Byarugaba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:585
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. The demographic of Northern Territory prison population differs than elsewhere in Australia and the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C may therefore be somewhat different from other jurisdictions. There...

    Authors: Richard P. Sullivan, Rob Baird, Kevin Freeman, Hugh Heggie, Joshua S. Davis, Catherine S. Marshall and Jane Davies
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:584
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Previous studies showed that type 2 short bowel syndrome (SBS) rats were accompanied by severe intestinal bacterial dysbiosis. Limited data are available for intestinal fungal dysbiosis. Moreover, no effective...

    Authors: Xiuting Hu, Wei Cheng, Shengxian Fan, Yuhua Huang, Xi Chen, Zhiwei Jiang and Jian Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:583
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Refugees are frequently not immune to vaccine-preventable infections. Adherence to consensus guidelines on vaccination and infectious diseases screening among refugees resettling in the U.S. is unknown. We sou...

    Authors: Amir M. Mohareb, Bryan Brown, Kevin S. Ikuta, Emily P. Hyle and Aniyizhai Annamalai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:582
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Despite high childhood immunization coverage, sporadic cases of diphtheria have been reported in Malaysia in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of diphtheria among the Malaysian popul...

    Authors: Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Zatil Zahidah Mohd Sharani, Chee Cheong Kee, Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus, Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri, Tharmarajah Nagalingam, Mohd Safrin Mohamad Bashaabidin, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Ainur Yusniza Yusof, Yee Ming Ching, Nurhanani Mohamed Nor, Balqis Kamarudin, Norazah Ahmad and Masita Arip
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:581
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. COVID-19 has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lateral flow assays can detect anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies to monitor transmission. Howe...

    Authors: Bianca A. Trombetta, Savannah E. Kandigian, Robert R. Kitchen, Korneel Grauwet, Pia Kivisäkk Webb, Glenn A. Miller, Charles G. Jennings, Sejal Jain, Samara Miller, Yikai Kuo, Thadryan Sweeney, Tal Gilboa, Maia Norman, Daimon P. Simmons, Christopher E. Ramirez, Melissa Bedard…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:580
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:628

  50. Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM) is an emerging tick-born pathogen and usually causes symptomatic infection only in immunocompromised patients. Apart from one described case found in the literature where ...

    Authors: Mitja Lenart, Miha Simoniti, Katja Strašek-Smrdel, Vesna Cvitković Špik, Tanja Selič-Kurinčič and Tatjana Avšič-Županc
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:579
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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