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  1. SARS-CoV-2 is frequently shed in the stool of patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The extent of faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 among individuals in the community, and its potential to contribute to spread of d...

    Authors: Natasha Marcella Vaselli, Wega Setiabudi, Krishanthi Subramaniam, Emily R. Adams, Lance Turtle, Miren Iturriza-Gómara, Tom Solomon, Nigel A. Cunliffe, Neil French and Daniel Hungerford
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:784
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly among people and causes a pandemic. It is of great clinical significance to identify COVID-19 patients with high risk of death.

    Authors: Qiao Yang, Jixi Li, Zhijia Zhang, Xiaocheng Wu, Tongquan Liao, Shiyong Yu, Zaichun You, Xianhua Hou, Jun Ye, Gang Liu, Siyuan Ma, Ganfeng Xie, Yi Zhou, Mengxia Li, Meihui Wu, Yimei Feng…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:783
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Detection of tuberculosis disease (TB) and timely identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains that are resistant to treatment are key to halting tuberculosis transmission, improving treatment outco...

    Authors: Marva Seifert, Hlaing Thazin Aung, Nicole Besler, Victoria Harris, Tin Tin Mar, Rebecca E. Colman, Timothy C. Rodwell and Si Thu Aung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:781
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, comprehensive information about sero-epidemiology of major TTIs is lack...

    Authors: Mulugeta Melku, Sintayehu Ambachew, Bamlaku Enawgaw, Molla Abebe, Zegeye Abebe, Tekalign Deressa, Debasu Damtie, Belete Biadgo, Belay Tessema, Demeke Geremew, Asemarie Kebede, Berhanu Woldu, Takele Teklu and Elias Shiferaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:778
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Children with influenza virus infections are prone to complications and are common sources of influenza transmission. Baloxavir marboxil inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease and was approved for influenza treat...

    Authors: Nobuhisa Ishiguro, Ichiro Morioka, Takashi Nakano, Masashi Furukawa, Shintaro Tanaka, Masahiro Kinoshita and Atsushi Manabe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:777
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of infrastructures to record, collect and report COVID-19‏ ‏data has become a fundamental necessity in the world. The disease registry system can he...

    Authors: Javad Zarei, Mohammad Badavi, Majid Karandish, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari, Maryam Dastoorpoor, Farid Yousefi, Hanieh Raji and Maria Cheraghi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:773
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Serious bacterial infections associated with substance use often result in long hospitalizations, premature discharges, and high costs. Out-of-hospital treatment options in people with substance use disorder (...

    Authors: Monica K. Sikka, Sara Gore, Taylor Vega, Luke Strnad, Jessica Gregg and Honora Englander
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:772
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Vibrio vulnificus has been reported as the leading causative pathogen of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and related fatality in the coastal area. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus a...

    Authors: Yao-Hung Tsai, Tsung-Yu Huang, Jiun-Liang Chen, Cheng-Ting Hsiao, Liang-Tseng Kuo and Kuo-Chin Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:771
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Dengue is one of the most important re-emerging viral diseases and the most common human arthropod-borne viral infection worldwide. Any of the four Dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to 4) can cause asymptomatic infe...

    Authors: Alejandra Rojas, Adriana Moreira Soares, Laura Patricia Mendoza, María Eugenia Acosta, Laura Aria, Malvina Páez, Lilian Herebia, María Asunción Vallejos, Yvalena de Guillén and Victor Hugo Aquino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:769
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The COVID-19 pandemic seriously threatens general public health services globally. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum in Jiangsu province, China.

    Authors: Lingen Shi, Weiming Tang, Haiyang Hu, Tao Qiu, Gifty Marley, Xiaoyan Liu, Yuheng Chen, Yunting Chen and Gengfeng Fu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:768
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Concerning viral pneumonia, few large-scale comparative studies have been published describing non-HIV immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, but the epidemiological characteristics of different virus...

    Authors: Lijuan Li, Steven H. Hsu, Chunlei Wang, Binbin Li, Lingxiao Sun, Jinying Shi, Yali Ren, Jinxiang Wang, Xiaoqi Zhang and Jiangbo Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:767
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Hand hygiene plays a crucial role in the transmission of pathogens and the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. In 2007, a voluntary national electronic surveillance tool for the documentation of co...

    Authors: Tobias Siegfried Kramer, Janine Walter, Christin Schröder, Michael Behnke, Jörg Clausmeyer, Christiane Reichardt, Petra Gastmeier and Karin Bunte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:766
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Cat scratch disease frequently involves a benign, self-limited disease. Neurological forms associated with Bartonella henselae are uncommon, consisting mostly in neuroretinitis, encephalitis and meningitis. Cereb...

    Authors: Stéphanie Matta, Audrey Rousseau, Rachel Chenouard, Carole Lemarié, Matthieu Eveillard, Marie Kempf, Rafaël Mahieu and Hélène Pailhoriès
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:765
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. HIV testing is an essential gateway to HIV prevention and treatment thus controlling the HIV epidemic. More innovative interventions are needed to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) sin...

    Authors: Yuning Shi, Jialing Qiu, Qingling Yang, Tailin Chen, Yongheng Lu, Sha Chen, Xiaoru Fan, Zhiye Lin, Zhigang Han, Jie Lu, Haobing Qian, Jing Gu, Dong Roman Xu, Yuzhou Gu and Chun Hao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:764
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. Multi-month dispensing (MMD) is the mainstay mechanism for clinically stable people living with HIV in Cambodia to refill antiretroviral therapy (ART) every 3-6 months. However, less frequent ART dispensing th...

    Authors: Sovannary Tuot, Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, Kiesha Prem, Pheak Chhoun, Chamroen Pall, Mengieng Ung, Penh Sun Ly, Masamine Jimba and Siyan Yi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:763
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has raised concerns about vaccine hesitancy in general and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in particular. Understanding the factors driving the uncertainty regarding ...

    Authors: Rehab H. El-Sokkary, Omnia S. El Seifi, Hebatallah M. Hassan, Eman M. Mortada, Maiada K. Hashem, Mohamed Rabie Mohamed Ali Gadelrab and Rehab M. Elsaid Tash
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:762
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world. This retrospective study aims to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with cancer and identify death outcome related risk factors.

    Authors: Yi Zhou, Qiao Yang, Jun Ye, Xiaocheng Wu, Xianhua Hou, Yimei Feng, Bangyu Luo, Jixi Li, Guangrong Yang, Lingchen Li, Xiu Yang, Bin Wang, Songtao Zhao, Li Li, Qi Li, Zhi Xu…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:760
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Studies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide tar...

    Authors: Tigist W. Leulseged, Degu G. Alemahu, Ishmael S. Hassen, Endalkachew H. Maru, Wuletaw C. Zewde, Negat W. Chamiso, Kalkidan T. Yegele, Daniel S. Abebe, Firaol M. Abdi, Etsegenet Y. Minyelshewa, Tegenu G. Gerbi and Helen T. Hagos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:759
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Norovirus is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. However, norovirus is rarely laboratory confirmed or recorded explicitly as a cause of hospitalization. In recent years, there has been an int...

    Authors: Elsa Negro Calduch, Tom Cattaert and Thomas Verstraeten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:757
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV7 was introduced in Southwest Sweden in the child vaccination program in 2009, followed by PCV13 in 2010 and PCV10 in 2015. In this retrospective cohort study we assessed ...

    Authors: Karin Bergman, Tor Härnqvist, Erik Backhaus, Birger Trollfors, Mats S. Dahl, Helena Kolberg, Gunilla Ockborn, Rune Andersson, Johanna Karlsson, Åsa Mellgren and Susann Skovbjerg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:756
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Strongyloidiasis is a disease of great public health significance, caused by the parasitic nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi. This systema...

    Authors: Sonia Ortiz-Martínez, José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón, María-Esteyner Vásquez-Chasnamote, Olga-Nohelia Gamboa-Paredes, Katty-Madeleine Arista-Flores, Luis-Alfredo Espinoza-Venegas, Eva de-Miguel-Balsa, Viviana-Vanessa Pinedo-Cancino, Miguel Górgolas-Hernández-Mora and Martín Casapía-Morales
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:755
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Disseminated nocardiosis is liable to be misdiagnosed owing to the non-specific clinical manifestations and laboratory/imaging findings. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a culture-independent a...

    Authors: Lei Pan, Xiao-hong Pan, Jie-kun Xu, Xiao-qing Huang, Jun-ke Qiu, Cai-hong Wang, Xiao-bo Ji, Yang Zhou and Min-jie Mao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:754
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are amongst the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of UPEC is...

    Authors: Gabriel Kambale Bunduki, Eva Heinz, Vincent Samuel Phiri, Patrick Noah, Nicholas Feasey and Janelisa Musaya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:753
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Since 2016, enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines have been approved for market entry, and little is known about how the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been affected by the introduction of t...

    Authors: Li Jiang, Hongchao Jiang, Xin Tian, Xueshan Xia and Tian Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:751
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. An upper abdominal mass without tenderness often indicates a benign or malignant tumor once liver or spleen hyperplasia has been excluded. A lymphadenopathic mass from Talaromyces marneffei infection is rare.

    Authors: Xue Chen, Lin Jia, Yongfeng Wu, Jing Chang, Tong Zhang, Yingmin Ma and Yulin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:750
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in many parts of the world. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV infections occurs when a person with primary immunity is infected by a second, different DENV strain. Ant...

    Authors: Ashley N. Bonheur, Sarah Thomas, Sara H. Soshnick, Emily McGibbon, Alan P. Dupuis II, Rene Hull, Sally Slavinski, Paula E. Del Rosso, Don Weiss, Danielle T. Hunt, Megan E. McCabe, Amy B. Dean, Rebecca Folkerth, Anne M. Laib and Susan J. Wong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:749
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide array of illnesses in all age groups. They particularly cause frequent morbidity among children. In China, human adenovirus types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 55 have caused...

    Authors: Xinye Wang, Dawei Wang, Sajid Umar, Sheng Qin, Qiong Ling, Gregory C. Gray and Yuntao Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:748
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is a rare cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) that frequently occurs in middle-aged women. The clinical manifestations of EIB can mimic various skin diseases, easily ...

    Authors: Kun Yang, Tingying Li, Xiaomei Zhu, Yun Zou and Dongxian Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:747
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a known cause of aseptic meningitis, with a predisposition for an immunocompromised population. A dermatomal rash usually accompanies aseptic meningitis secondary to VZV.

    Authors: Syeda Sahra, Abdullah Jahangir, Allison Glaser, Neville Mobarakai and Ahmad Jahangir
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:746
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Empyema necessitans is a rare pulmonary condition described as the presence of pus in the pleural cavity with insidious extension into the surrounding soft tissue. The common microbial aetiology of empyema nec...

    Authors: Swapnil Tripathi, Durga Shankar Meena, Amit Kumar Rohila, Neetha T.R., Vidhi Jain, Deepak Kumar, Taruna Yadav and Mahendra Kumar Garg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:745
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Syndromic surveillance systems are an essential component of public health surveillance and can provide timely detection of infectious disease cases and outbreaks. Whilst surveillance systems are generally emb...

    Authors: A. L. Donaldson, J. L. Hardstaff, J. P. Harris, R. Vivancos and S. J. O’Brien
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:744
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The duration of viable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding in immunocompromised patients is still unknown. This case report describes the duration of viable SARS-CoV-2 in two ...

    Authors: Melissa Niyonkuru, Rune Micha Pedersen, Kristian Assing, Thomas Emil Andersen, Marianne Nielsine Skov, Isik Somuncu Johansen and Lone Wulff Madsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:743
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. CD4+ T cell counts in certain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients called immunological non-responders (INRs) could not return to a normal level even with sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) be...

    Authors: Danfeng Lu, Jian-Bo Zhang, Yue-Xin Wang, Shi-Tao Geng, Zunyue Zhang, Yu Xu, Shao-You Li, Kun-Hua Wang and Yi-Qun Kuang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:742
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Etiological diagnosis of fever in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is often challenging. The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of inflammatory biomarkers in SCD febrile children and controls,...

    Authors: Elena María Rincón-López, María Luisa Navarro Gómez, Teresa Hernández-Sampelayo Matos, David Aguilera-Alonso, Eva Dueñas Moreno, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, Begoña Santiago García, María del Mar Santos Sebastián, Marina García Morín, Cristina Beléndez Bieler, Jorge Lorente Romero and Elena Cela de Julián
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:741
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. COVID-19 is characterized by interstitial pneumonia, but a presentation of the disease with digestive symptoms only may occur.

    Authors: Salvatore Greco, Nicolò Fabbri, Alessandro Bella, Beatrice Bonsi, Stefano Parini, Cindy Rocchi, Sara Giaccari, Manuel Gavioli, Angelina Passaro and Carlo V. Feo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:739
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. COVID-19 has spread widely worldwide, causing millions of deaths. We aim to explore the association of immunological features with COVID-19 severity.

    Authors: Zhicheng Zhang, Guo Ai, Liping Chen, Shunfang Liu, Chen Gong, Xiaodong Zhu, Chunli Zhang, Hua Qin, Junhui Hu and Jinjin Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:738
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) level is suggested to be a useful biomarker for acute lung injuries and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whether the serum SP-D level could identify the severity of co...

    Authors: Ming Tong, Ying Xiong, Chen Zhu, Hong Xu, Qing Zheng, Yu Jiang, Lianhong Zou, Xiaolin Xiao, Fang Chen, Xiquan Yan, Changping Hu and Yimin Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:737
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus) infections are rare and usually present with unspecific symptoms, which can eventually end in fatal septic shock and multiorgan failure. The severe acute respiratory s...

    Authors: Eva Christina Meyer, Sabine Alt-Epping, Onnen Moerer and Benedikt Büttner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:736
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. In Ireland and across the European Union the COVID-19 epidemic waves, driven mainly by the emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 have continued their course, despite various interventions from government...

    Authors: Bernard Cazelles, Benjamin Nguyen-Van-Yen, Clara Champagne and Catherine Comiskey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:735
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as sanitary measures and travel restrictions, aimed at controlling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may affect the transmission dy...

    Authors: Keita Wagatsuma, Iain S. Koolhof, Yugo Shobugawa and Reiko Saito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:734
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Serious adverse effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been described for more than decade. Recently, several drug regulatory agencies have advised restricting their use in milder infections for which oth...

    Authors: Audray St-Jean, Dan Chateau, Matthew Dahl, Pierre Ernst, Nick Daneman, Ingrid S. Sketris, Jianguo Zhang, Fawziah Marra, Jacqueline Quail and Shawn Bugden
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:733
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of excessive inflammation. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory findings of HLH patients secondary to Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and their tr...

    Authors: Hadi Mottaghipisheh, Kurosh Kalantar, Ali Amanati, Mansoureh Shokripour, Mahdi Shahriari, Omid Reza Zekavat, Soheila Zareifar, Mehran Karimi, Sezaneh Haghpanah and Mohammadreza Bordbar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:732
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require lifelong effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). The goal of ART in HIV-infected persons is sustained viral suppression. There is limit...

    Authors: Adwoa K. A. Afrane, Bamenla Q. Goka, Lorna Renner, Alfred E. Yawson, Yakubu Alhassan, Seth N. Owiafe, Seth Agyeman, Kwamena W. C. Sagoe and Awewura Kwara
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:731
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of infant and child hospitalizations. The study objective is to estimate the RSV-associated hospitalizations and economic burden in young children in France ...

    Authors: C. Demont, N. Petrica, I. Bardoulat, S. Duret, L. Watier, A. Chosidow, M. Lorrot, A. Kieffer and M. Lemaitre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:730
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2023 23:122

  49. Dengue is the most common arboviral disease in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Like other regions, dengue-endemic areas have faced the additional public health and socio-economic impact of ...

    Authors: Tsheten Tsheten, Archie C. A. Clements, Darren J. Gray, Ripon K. Adhikary and Kinley Wangdi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:729
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Authors: Marcella Cini Oliveira, Tatiana de Araujo Eleuterio, Allan Bruno de Andrade Corrêa, Lucas Dalsenter Romano da Silva, Renata Coelho Rodrigues, Bruna Andrade de Oliveira, Marlos Melo Martins, Carlos Eduardo Raymundo and Roberto de Andrade Medronho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:728
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:687

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