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  1. To verify the efficacy and safety of an inexpensive standardized regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with low resistance to isoniazid (INH), a multicenter prospective study was conducted in e...

    Authors: Wenwen Sun, Zheyuan Wu, Ying Zhou, Fan Xia, Qin Tang, Jie Wang, Jinghui Yang, Fangyou Yu, Hua Yang, Heping Xiao and Lin Fan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:834
  2. Although neutropenia is relatively frequent in infants and children and is mostly a benign condition with a self-limited course, it can lead to life-threatening severe infections.

    Authors: Ignacio Callejas Caballero, Marta Illán Ramos, Arantxa Berzosa Sánchez, Eduardo Anguita and José Tomás Ramos Amador
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:830
  3. We report a mononucleosis-like illnesses case due to co-infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and spotted fever group rickettsia (SFGR), which to the best of our knowledge, h...

    Authors: Bin Zhao, Haohua Hou, Ran Gao, Bing Tian and Baocheng Deng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:829
  4. Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are viral antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 that produce a rapid result, are inexpensive and easy to operate. They have been advocated for use by the World Health Organi...

    Authors: Dylan A. Mistry, Jenny Y. Wang, Mika-Erik Moeser, Thomas Starkey and Lennard Y. W. Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:828
  5. According to the literature, 25% to 50% of antimicrobials prescribed in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate, directly impacting antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the us...

    Authors: Ravena Melo Ribeiro da Silva, Simonize Cunha B. de Mendonça, Ingrid Novaes Leão, Quesia Nery dos Santos, Alessandra Macedo Batista, Matheus Santos Melo, Milena da Motta Xavier, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Wellington Barros da Silva and Iza Maria Fraga Lobo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:827
  6. Central nervous system (CNS) infections are relatively rare but are associated with high mortality worldwide. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is crucial for the survival of patients with CNS infections, and sh...

    Authors: Zheng Zhang, Yan Song, Jianbang Kang, Surong Duan, Qi Li, Fuqiang Feng and Jinju Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:826
  7. The most common pathological cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in reproductive-aged women is bacterial vaginosis (BV). Amsel’s criteria and Nugent scoring systems are commonly employed approaches for the dia...

    Authors: Rajshree Bhujel, Shyam Kumar Mishra, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Kesang Diki Bista and Keshab Parajuli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:825
  8. Developing nosocomial sepsis within intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. But information is scarce regarding nosocomial sepsis in intensive ...

    Authors: Tsega Cherkos Dawit, Reiye Esayas Mengesha, Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim, Mengistu Hagazi Tequare and Hiluf Ebuy Abraha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:824
  9. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are often over-diagnosed and over-treated, which can induce and select for resistant pathogens. After observing wide-spread outpatient use of ertapenem, a broad-spectrum antibiot...

    Authors: Carrie P. Wong, Thomas Delate, Elizabeth Hudson, Julia K. Nguyen, Su-Jau Yang and Mariana Abraham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:823
  10. We aimed to determine how emerging evidence over the past decade informed how Ugandan HIV clinicians prescribed protease inhibitors (PIs) in HIV patients on rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment and how...

    Authors: Frank Mulindwa, Barbara Castelnuovo, Bruce Kirenga, Dennis Kalibbala, Priscilla Haguma, Martin Muddu and Fred C. Semitala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:822
  11. Elderly patients with COVID-19 were shown to have a high case-fatality rate. We aimed to explore the risk factors associated with death in patients over 70 years old (yr).

    Authors: Xu Zhu, Wenzheng Yuan, Junwei Shao, Kesheng Huang, Qingbo Wang, Shuang Yao, Wei Lu, Li Liu and Tao Fu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:821
  12. To fight against COVID-19, many policymakers are wavering on stricter public health interventions. Examining the different strategies both in and out of China’s Hubei province, which contained the epidemic in ...

    Authors: Yu Liu, Fangfang Zheng, Zhicheng Du, Jinghua Li, Jing Gu, Mei Jiang, Daisuke Yoneoka, Stuart Gilmour and Yuantao Hao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:820
  13. Case fatality risk (CFR), commonly referred to as a case fatality ratio or rate, represents the probability of a disease case being fatal. It is often estimated for various diseases through analysis of surveil...

    Authors: Joseph L. Servadio, Claudia Muñoz-Zanzi and Matteo Convertino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:819
  14. Liver injuries have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the clinical role played by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

    Authors: Qing-Lei Zeng, Zu-Jiang Yu, Fanpu Ji, Guang-Ming Li, Guo-Fan Zhang, Jiang-Hai Xu, Wan-Bao Lin, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Guo-Tao Li, Guang-Lin Cui and Fu-Sheng Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:818
  15. Despite being considered as a low prevalence country for hepatitis B (HBV), some populations in Germany are at higher risk of infection. In the context of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) viral hepatitis ...

    Authors: Gyde Steffen, Ida Sperle, Thomas Harder, Navina Sarma, Sandra Beermann, Roma Thamm, Viviane Bremer, Ruth Zimmermann and Sandra Dudareva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:817
  16. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 on nationwide city-level in China.

    Authors: Qianqian Ma, Jinghong Gao, Wenjie Zhang, Linlin Wang, Mingyuan Li, Jinming Shi, Yunkai Zhai, Dongxu Sun, Lin Wang, Baozhan Chen, Shuai Jiang and Jie Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:816
  17. Identifying and prioritizing at-risk populations is critical for pediatric tuberculosis control. We aimed to identify a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening strategy that is appropriate for the Chine...

    Authors: Lin Sun, Xue Qi, Yajie Guo, Hui Qi, Jieqiong Li, Xirong Wu, Qingqin Yin, Yan Guo, Baoping Xu, Yacui Wang, Qi Jin, Lei Gao and Adong Shen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:815
  18. SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly spreads in populations due to the high rates of community transmission. Interrupting the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the incidence of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Herei...

    Authors: Carolina Iturriaga, Nat Eiffler, Rad Aniba, Rym Ben-Othman, Guillermo Perez-Mateluna, Jessica K. V. Meyer, Eleanor N. Fish, Tobias R. Kollmann, Nicolas Severino, Stephen Stick, Arturo Borzutzky, Cecilia Perret, José A. Castro-Rodriguez and Diego Garcia-Huidobro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:814
  19. Part of tuberculosis (TB) patients were missed if symptomatic screening was based on the main TB likely symptoms. This study conducted to compare the yield and relative costs of different TB screening algorith...

    Authors: Fei Zhao, Canyou Zhang, Chongguang Yang, Yinyin Xia, Jin Xing, Guolong Zhang, Lin Xu, Xiaomeng Wang, Wei Lu, Jianwei Li, Feiying Liu, Dingwen Lin, Jianlin Wu, Xin Shen, Shuangyi Hou, Yanling Yu…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:813
  20. The efficacy of lockdown in containing the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported in different studies. However, the impact on sociodemographic characteristics of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been...

    Authors: Mayda Rahi, Diane Le Pluart, Alexandra Beaudet, Sophie Ismaël, Marion Parisey, Nora Poey, Hassan Tarhini, François-Xavier Lescure, Yazdan Yazdanpanah and Laurène Deconinck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:812
  21. Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a severe hyperinflammatory disease, whose diagnosis is based on the HLH-2004 criteria. In secondary forms of HLH (sHLH), the primary goal is treating the triggering factors suc...

    Authors: Marco Meazza Prina, Francesca Martini, Federico Bracchi, Daniela Di Mauro, Anna Fargnoli, Marco Motta, Cristina Giussani, Giovanni Gobbin, Monica Taverna and Andrea D’Alessio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:811
  22. Local transmission of seasonal influenza viruses (IVs) can be difficult to resolve. Here, we study if coupling high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes with variant a...

    Authors: Temitope O. C. Faleye, Deborah Adams, Sangeet Adhikari, Helen Sandrolini, Rolf U. Halden, Arvind Varsani and Matthew Scotch
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:810
  23. The current literature is scarce as to the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and whether immunosuppressive or chemotherapeutic agents can cause worsening of the patients’ condit...

    Authors: Owrang Eilami, Max Igor Banks Ferreira Lopes, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek and Kaveh Taghipour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:809
  24. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce opportunistic infections and mortality rates among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, some HIV-infected individuals exhibit poor immu...

    Authors: Shi Qian, Xi Chen, Tong Wu, Yu Sun, Xiaolin Li, Yajing Fu, Zining Zhang, Junjie Xu, Xiaoxu Han, Haibo Ding and Yongjun Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:808
  25. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent one of the most serious complications associated with joint replacement surgeries, a complication also of modern orthopedic surgery despite the efforts that occ...

    Authors: Rares Mircea Birlutiu, Manuela Mihalache, Patricia Mihalache, Razvan Silviu Cismasiu and Victoria Birlutiu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:807
  26. The management of non-fermentative gram-negative bloodstream infection (NFGN-BSI) offers numerous challenges. In this study the aim is to analyse a large cohort of patients with NFGN-BSI recruited in the north...

    Authors: Renato Pascale, Silvia Corcione, Linda Bussini, Livia Pancaldi, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Simone Ambretti, Tommaso Lupia, Cristina Costa, Anna Marchese, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Matteo Bassetti, Claudio Viscoli, Michele Bartoletti, Maddalena Giannella and Pierluigi Viale
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:806
  27. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several therapeutic agents have been used in COVID-19 management. However, the results were controversial. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine ...

    Authors: Zhe Chen, Aihua Liu, Yongjing Cheng, Xutao Wang, Xiaomao Xu, Jia Huang, Yuqing Ma, Ming Gao and Cibo Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:805
  28. Ureaplasma spp. are associated with various infectious diseases in females, but there is still limited evidence regarding whether they are related to nonspecific cervicitis. The aim of this study was to develop a...

    Authors: Yanfang Huang, Huifen Pan, Xiaoqin Xu, Panpan Lv, Xinxin Wang and Zhen Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:804
  29. The clinical spectrum of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is wide, which can range from fever to multiple organ failure. Conservative therapy plays a key role in the treatment of SFTS. Howeve...

    Authors: Uh. Jin Kim, Hyukjin Park, Kye Hun Kim, Dong Min Kim, Seung Eun Kim, Seung Ji Kang, Kyung-Hwa Park and Sook In Jung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:803
  30. Pregnancies occur during HIV-1 vaccine clinical trials, despite requirements for women of reproductive potential to use effective contraception. Deployment of an effective HIV-1 vaccine regimen will likely tar...

    Authors: Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Chenchen Yu, Margaret Brewinski Isaacs, Mary Allen, Jessica Andriesen and Stephen R. Walsh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:802
  31. The management strategy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis in children is still controversial and more clinical studies are needed. We therefore present a surgi...

    Authors: Chen Liu, Minxiang Huang, Fang Liu, Xiaoliang Xu, Wenyu Feng, Guoxiu Han, Xijie Liu, Bufeng Zheng, Lei Geng and Tingliang Fu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:801
  32. The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited imposition of some form of travel restrictions by almost all countries in the world. Most restrictions currently persist, although some have been gradually eased. It remains ...

    Authors: Sylvia Xiao Wei Gwee, Pearleen Ee Yong Chua, Min Xian Wang and Junxiong Pang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:799
  33. The gold standard for diagnosing an infection with SARS-CoV-2 is detection of viral RNA by nucleic acid amplification techniques. Test capacities, however, are limited. Therefore, numerous easy-to-use rapid an...

    Authors: Maria Kahn, Lukas Schuierer, Christina Bartenschlager, Stephan Zellmer, Ramona Frey, Marie Freitag, Christine Dhillon, Margit Heier, Alanna Ebigbo, Christian Denzel, Selin Temizel, Helmut Messmann, Markus Wehler, Reinhard Hoffmann, Elisabeth Kling and Christoph Römmele
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:798
  34. In the past few years, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Shi et al. Lancet 390:946–958, 2017) infection has been reported more in China. However, there are few studies on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of necrot...

    Authors: Beilei Yang, Weili Zhang, Wenjing Gu, Xinxing Zhang, Meijuan Wang, Li Huang, Canhong Zhu, Yongdong Yan, Wei Ji, Huiping Ni and Zhengrong Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:797
  35. An outbreak of pneumonia, COVID-19 associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and then rapidly spread to other cities. Wenzhou is located approximate...

    Authors: Hongjun Zhao, Xiaoxiao Lu, Wenhui Lun, Tiegang Li, Boqi Rao, Dedong Wang, Di Wu, Fuman Qiu, Zhicong Yang and Jiachun Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:793
  36. Estonia has a typical Eastern European HIV epidemic where the most frequent co-infection is chronic hepatitis C (HCV). We aimed to describe the changes in HCV prevalence, the distribution of HCV genotypes (GT)...

    Authors: Kerstin Kase, Radko Avi, Karolin Toompere, Heli Rajasaar, Merit Pauskar, Pilleriin Soodla, Ene-Ly Jõgeda, Kai Zilmer, Irja Lutsar and Kristi Huik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:792
  37. HIV clinical care programs in high burden settings are uniquely positioned to facilitate diabetes diagnosis, which is a major challenge. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, data on the burden of diabetes among peo...

    Authors: Rachel W. Kubiak, Mario Kratz, Ayesha A. Motala, Sean Galagan, Sabina Govere, Elisabeth R. Brown, Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa and Paul K. Drain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:789
  38. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western China. Preclinical studies have suggested the protective effect of the C-type lectin receptor of family 4 member E (CLEC4E) fro...

    Authors: Wenjing Zhou, Lijuan Wu, Jiajia Song, Lin Jiao, Yi Zhou, Juan Zhou, Nian Wang, Tangyuheng Liu, Zhenzhen Zhao, Hao Bai, Tao Wu and Binwu Ying
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:788
  39. The true burden and geographical distribution of human Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis is unknown. All detected cases so far have been recorded in Bavaria, southern Germany.

    Authors: Dennis Tappe, Kirsten Pörtner, Christina Frank, Hendrik Wilking, Arnt Ebinger, Christiane Herden, Christoph Schulze, Birgit Muntau, Petra Eggert, Petra Allartz, Gerlind Schuldt, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Martin Beer and Dennis Rubbenstroth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:787
  40. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients, despite advances in CM diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study was performed with the aim to develop and valida...

    Authors: Ting Zhao, Xiao-Lei Xu, Jing-Min Nie, Xiao-Hong Chen, Zhong-Sheng Jiang, Shui-Qing Liu, Tong-Tong Yang, Xuan Yang, Feng Sun, Yan-Qiu Lu, Vijay Harypursat and Yao-Kai Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:786
  41. The severity of an influenza infection is influenced by both host and viral characteristics. This study aims to assess the relevance of viral genomic data for the prediction of severe influenza A(H3N2) infecti...

    Authors: Nina Van Goethem, Annie Robert, Nathalie Bossuyt, Laura A. E. Van Poelvoorde, Sophie Quoilin, Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Isabelle Thomas, Kevin Vanneste, Nancy H. C. Roosens and Herman Van Oyen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:785
  42. Productions of metallo-β-lactamases enzymes are the most common mechanism of antibiotic resistance to all beta-lactam classes (except monobactams) in Acinetobacter baumannii. MBLs are usually associated with gene...

    Authors: Mahnaz Nikibakhsh, Farzaneh Firoozeh, Farzad Badmasti, Kourosh Kabir and Mohammad Zibaei
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:782
  43. Early recognition of patients hospitalized for sepsis at higher risk of poor clinical outcome is a mandatory task and many studies suggested that indicators of the immune status may be useful for this purpose....

    Authors: Ennio Polilli, Jessica Elisabetta Esposito, Antonella Frattari, Francesca Trave, Federica Sozio, Giovanna Ferrandu, Giancarlo Di Iorio and Giustino Parruti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:780
  44. The role of non-group A streptococci and Fusobacterium necrophorum in pharyngotonsillitis has been disputed and few prospective studies have evaluated the effect of antibiotic treatment. This study uses registry ...

    Authors: Jon Pallon, Martin Sundqvist, Mattias Rööst and Katarina Hedin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:779
  45. Nocardiosis is known as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts, but it occasionally has been reported in immunocompetent patient. The Nocardia exalbida is first-reported in 2006 from Japan, and a f...

    Authors: Seitaro Abe, Yoshinari Tanabe, Takeshi Ota, Fumio Fujimori, Akira Youkou and Masato Makino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:776
  46. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) among female sex workers (FSW) in Togo in 2017. A cross-sectional bio-behavioral study was con...

    Authors: Martin Kouame TCHANKONI, Alexandra Marie Bitty-Anderson, Arnold Junior SADIO, Fifonsi Adjidossi GBEASOR-KOMLANVI, Valentine Marie FERRÉ, Wendpouiré Ida Carine ZIDA-COMPAORE, Ameyo Monique DORKENOO, Bayaki SAKA, Anoumou Claver DAGNRA, Charlotte CHARPENTIER and Didier Koumavi EKOUEVI
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:775
  47. The severity of COVID-19 associates with the clinical decision making and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, therefore, early identification of patients who are likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19 i...

    Authors: Jianjiang Qi, Di He, Dagan Yang, Mengyan Wang, Wenjun Ma, Huaizhong Cui, Fei Ye, Fei Wang, Jinjian Xu, Zhijian Li, Chuntao Liu, Jing Wu, Kexin Qi, Rui Wu, Jinsong Huang, Shourong Liu…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:774
  48. Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes and often become infected, termed diabetic foot infection. There have been numerous studies of the microbiology of diabetic foot inf...

    Authors: Katherine E. Macdonald, Sophie Boeckh, Helen J. Stacey and Joshua D. Jones
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:770

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