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  1. Information on treatment failure (TF) in People living with HIV in a data-poor setting is necessary to counter the epidemic of TF with first-line combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) in sub-Saharan Africa ...

    Authors: Samuel Tekle Mengistu, Ghirmay Ghebrekidan Ghebremeskel, Hermon Berhe Ghebrat, Oliver Okoth Achila, Nahom Asmerom Yohannes, Amon Solomon Ghebrenegus, Filmon Ghebretsadik Wendmhuney, Naod Yeibyo, Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish, Araia Berhane Mesfin and Negassi Leake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:834
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Forecasts of the trajectory of an infectious agent can help guide public health decision making. A traditional approach to forecasting fits a computational model to structured data and generates a predictive d...

    Authors: Thomas McAndrew, Allison Codi, Juan Cambeiro, Tamay Besiroglu, David Braun, Eva Chen, Luis Enrique Urtubey De Cèsaris and Damon Luk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:833
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Onchocerciasis is endemic in most local government areas (LGAs) in Enugu and Ogun states. Most meso- and hyper-endemic LGAs have received many rounds of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). This study ai...

    Authors: Uwem F. Ekpo, Obiora A. Eneanya, Edith N. Nwankwo, Islamiat Y. Soneye, Gary J. Weil, Peter U. Fischer and Obioma C. Nwaorgu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:832
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. At present, the role of inactivated vaccines in viral RNA shedding among Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infections is still unknown.

    Authors: Chuancai Xu, Zhisong He, Wei Lei, Li Chen, Dan Shen, Xiaofei Wang, Deyu Xu, Ying Xu and Jian’an Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:831
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Rotavirus causes substantial morbidity and mortality every year, particularly among under-five children. Despite Rotavirus immunization preventing severe diarrheal disease in children, the vaccination coverage...

    Authors: Kendalem Asmare Atalell, Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew and Kefyalew Addis Alene
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:830
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted TB services worldwide, leading to diagnostic delays. There have been few published reports describing how the pandemic affected people’s pathway to diagnosis from their own pers...

    Authors: Ana Karina Millones, Leonid Lecca, Diana Acosta, Hortencia Campos, Erika Del Águila-Rojas, Sheyla Farroñay, Giannina Morales, Judith Ramirez-Sandoval, Isabel Torres, Judith Jimenez and Courtney M. Yuen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:829
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. The incubation period of an infectious disease is defined as the elapsed time between the exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms. Although both the mRNA-based and the adenoviral vector-based vaccin...

    Authors: Jordi Cortés Martínez, Daewoo Pak, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Klaus Langohr, Jing Ning, Alexander Rombauts, Mireia Colom, Yu Shen and Guadalupe Gómez Melis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:828
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Stool samples submitted for diagnostic testing represent a proportion of diarrhoeal cases seeking healthcare, and an even smaller proportion of diarrhoeal cases in the community. Despite this, surveillance rel...

    Authors: Siobhan L. Johnstone, Nicola A. Page, Michelle J. Groome, Nicolette M. du Plessis and Juno Thomas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:827
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus has been recognized as a major public health concern. The direct toxicity of antiretroviral medicines or their active metabolites causes liver cell destruction by dif...

    Authors: Ousman Mohammed, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Habtye Bisetegn, Mihret Tilahun, Alemu Gedefie, Endris Ebrahim, Mesfin Fiseha, Mogesie Necho and Temesgen Fiseha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:826
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Descriptions of the patterns of acute/subacute cerebral infarction (ASCI) in HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) are scarce, and the predictors of ischemic stroke and outcomes following ASC...

    Authors: Jiashan Tu, Siyu Zhang, Qinghua Liu and Yu Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:825
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Tuberculosis (TB) represents a bacterial infection affecting many individuals each year and potentially leading to death. Overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 has a primary immunomodulatory fu...

    Authors: Zongqiang Yang, Caili Lou, Xuewei Wang, Chaoran Wang, Zhiyun Shi and Ningkui Niu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:824
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Early diagnosis of BSI is critical to avoid the unnecessary application of antimicrobial agents an...

    Authors: Jinghao Zhang, Feng Yang, Zhaoyang Sun, Yi Fang, Haowei Zhu, Dijun Zhang, Xianping Zeng, Wenjian Liu, Tao Liu, Yixin Liu, Wenjing Chi, Su Wang, Li Ding, Yong Wu, Yanmei Zhang and Hu Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:823
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is seen during coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19), has been reported in different incidences, and is defined as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Detection of ...

    Authors: Istemi Serin, Sevim Baltali, Tahir Alper Cinli, Hasan Goze, Burçak Demir and Osman Yokus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:822
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are threatening and complicating the global polio eradication initiative. Most of these VDPVs are genetic recombinants with non-po...

    Authors: Richter Razafindratsimandresy, Marie-Line Joffret, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Seta Andriamamonjy, Sendraharimanana Rabemanantsoa, Vincent Richard, Francis Delpeyroux, Jean-Michel Heraud and Maël Bessaud
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:821
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Influenza is responsible for more than 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 deaths every year worldwide. Developing countries account for 99% of influenza deaths in children under 5 years of age. This...

    Authors: Marie Roseline Darnycka Belizaire, Anderson Kouabenan N’gattia, Bibata Wassonguema, Marcel Mbeko Simaleko, Emmanuel Nakoune, Clotaire Rafaï, Baidy Lô and Francisco Bolumar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:820
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly effective in reducing hospitalization and mortality among early symptomatic COVID-19 patients in clinical trials and real-world data. While resistance to so...

    Authors: David J. Douin, Adane F. Wogu, Laurel E. Beaty, Nichole E. Carlson, Tellen D. Bennett, Neil R. Aggarwal, David A. Mayer, Toan C. Ong, Seth Russell, Jeffrey Steele, Jennifer L. Peers, Kyle C. Molina, Matthew K. Wynia and Adit A. Ginde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:818
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) rarely causes organ-invasive infection. Diagnosis and treatment for such infections are often delayed, and mortality is high. We present the first reported case of disseminated HSV-1...

    Authors: Myeongji Kim, Ayesha Jalal, Heysu Rubio-Gomez and Romina Bromberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:817
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. The elderly are highly vulnerable to severe COVID-19. Waning immunity and emergence of Omicron have caused concerns about reduced effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The objective was to estimate vaccine effec...

    Authors: Ulrike Baum, Eero Poukka, Tuija Leino, Terhi Kilpi, Hanna Nohynek and Arto A. Palmu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:816
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly spreading disease affecting human life and the economy on a global scale. The disease has caused so far more then 5.5 million deaths. The omicron outbreak that emerged in Botswana in th...

    Authors: Thomas Haschka, Elisabeta Vergu, Benjamin Roche, Chiara Poletto and Lulla Opatowski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:815
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. There is little evidence about consistency between nasopharyngeal and pulmonary pathogens in children with severe pneumonia. This study aims to compare the difference of pathogens between nasopharyngeal aspira...

    Authors: Qiguo Zhu, Junli Zhou, Fei Li, Peng Shi, Yi Lu, Xiaoliang Lin, Lin Yuan, Zhiqiang Zhuo and Jun Shen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:814
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is the largest health care provider in Mexico, covering about 48% of the Mexican population. In this report, we describe the epidemiological patterns related to ...

    Authors: Iván de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel, Oscar David Ovalle-Luna, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Victor Hugo Borja-Aburto and Gerardo Chowell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:813
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Identifying the transmission mode and resistance mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is key to prevent disease transmission. However, there is a lack of regional data. Therefore, the aim of this study w...

    Authors: Zhenzhen Wang, Tengfei Guo, Tao Jiang, Zhanqin Zhao, Xiangyang Zu, Long li, Qing Zhang, Yi Hou, Kena Song and Yun Xue
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:812
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The Meningitis/Encephalitis FilmArray® Panel (ME panel) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2015 and provides rapid results when assessing patients with suspected meningitis or encephaliti...

    Authors: Prabi Rajbhandari, Nathaniel Goodrich, Aleisha M. Nabower, Miraides F. Brown, Maheswari Ekambaram, Jaclyn Eisenberg, Michael L. Forbes, Nathan Gollehon, Kimberly C. Martin, Russell McCulloh, Bryan Stone, Matt Tandy and Jessica Snowden
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:811
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. There is limited information to compare the qualitative and semi-quantitative performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and serology for the assessment of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome...

    Authors: Maddalena Peghin, Giulia Bontempo, Maria De Martino, Alvisa Palese, Valentina Gerussi, Elena Graziano, Martina Fabris, Federica D’Aurizio, Francesco Sbrana, Andrea Ripoli, Francesco Curcio, Miriam Isola and Carlo Tascini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:810
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Schistosomiasis is known to affect the cognitive functions of children, however, but there is paucity of information on its impact on early childhood development in developing countries where the disease is en...

    Authors: Maritha Kasambala, Takafira Mduluza, Arthur Vengesai, Tariro Mduluza-Jokonya, Luxwell Jokonya, Herald Midzi, Rutendo Birri Makota, Arnold Mutemeri, Emmanuel Maziti, Bazondlile Dube-Marimbe, Dixon Chibanda, Francisca Mutapi and Samson Mukaratirwa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:809
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (pvama-1) is an important vaccine candidate against Malaria. The genetic composition assessment of pvama-1 from wide-range geography is vital to plan the antigen based ...

    Authors: Ibrar Ullah, Sahib Gul Afridi, Muhammad Israr, Hizbullah Khan, Sulaiman Shams, Komal Zaib, Huong Giang Le, Jung-Mi Kang, Byoung-Kuk Na and Asifullah Khan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:807
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects common diseases, but its impact on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is unclear. Google Trends data is beneficial for approximate real-time statistics an...

    Authors: Qian Niu, Junyu Liu, Zixi Zhao, Miyu Onishi, Asuka Kawaguchi, Anuradhi Bandara, Keiko Harada, Tomoki Aoyama and Momoko Nagai-Tanima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:806
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in primary and secondary care, with the majority of antimicrobial therapy initiated empirically before culture results are available. In some case...

    Authors: Colin McCowan, Andisheh Bakhshi, Alex McConnachie, William Malcolm, Sarah JE Barry, Virginia Hernandez Santiago and Alistair Leanord
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:805
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Agile, accessible and cheap diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential to achieve the elimination of this infection, worldwide, as mandated by the World Health Organzation as part of its strat...

    Authors: Livia Melo Villar, Marjorie Parra de Lima, Helena Medina Cruz, Vanessa Salete de Paula, Leticia de Paula Scalioni, Geane Lopes Flores, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa, Cynara Carvalho Parente, Maria Rosangela Cunha Duarte Coelho, Ana Cecilia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Flavio Augusto Pádua Milagres, Marcelo Santos Cruz, Tarcisio Matos Andrade, Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro, Jurema Corrêa da Mota, Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:804
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) was first described in November 2021 and became the dominant variant worldwide. Existing data suggests a reduced disease severity with Omicron infections in compariso...

    Authors: Johannes Leiner, Vincent Pellissier, Sven Hohenstein, Sebastian König, Ekkehard Schuler, Robert Möller, Irit Nachtigall, Marzia Bonsignore, Gerhard Hindricks, Ralf Kuhlen and Andreas Bollmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:802
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Klebsiella pneumoniae is rare but the second most common causative agent among gram-negative bacteria that cause pyogenic spondylitis. However, there are no available studies on the serotype, virulence factors, a...

    Authors: Joo-Hee Hwang, Seung Yeob Lee, Jaehyeon Lee and Jeong-Hwan Hwang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:801
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. In-person directly observed therapy (DOT) is commonly used for tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring in the US, with increasing usage of video-DOT (vDOT). We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on TB treatment a...

    Authors: Christopher K. Lippincott, Allison Perry, Elizabeth Munk, Gina Maltas and Maunank Shah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:800
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Aggravation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is threatening the efforts to control malaria by reducing the efficacy of insecticide-based interventions hence needs to be closely monitored. This stud...

    Authors: Leon M. J. Mugenzi, Gabriel Akosah-Brempong, Magellan Tchouakui, Benjamin D. Menze, Theofelix A. Tekoh, Micareme Tchoupo, Francis N. Nkemngo, Murielle J. Wondji, Ekene K. Nwaefuna, Michael Osae and Charles S. Wondji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:799
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a significant risk factor for fungal infection. The cavitary lesions post PTB serves as a good reservoir for fungal colonization and subsequent infection. Furthermore, the sever...

    Authors: Abdi Mohamed, Benear A. Obanda, Hannah K. Njeri, Sally N. Loroyokie, Olga M. Mashedi, Tom T. Ouko, Evangeline M. Gatumwa, Richard K. Korir, Takashi Yaguchi and Christine C. Bii
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:798
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous fungus isolated from various environmental sources. Systemic E. dermatitidis infections can lead to fatal outcomes, and treatment has not yet been standardized. Although E...

    Authors: Ryo Nakatani, Miho Ashiarai, Hiroki Yoshihara, Keigo Yada, Taiki Nozaki, Takeshi Ushigusa, Nobuyoshi Mori and Daisuke Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:797
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Adolescents who have acquired HIV perinatally (ALHIV) face unique challenges in taking lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART), but little is known about what factors affect their adherence over the course of th...

    Authors: Marian Loveday, Jennifer Furin, Sindisiwe Hlangu, Thabile Mthethwa and Tasneem Naidoo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:796
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. The purpose of this study was to review the treatment plan of patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) pneumonia and analyze the factors associated with patient deaths and the medication...

    Authors: Yanling Deng, Lin Chen, Mingrui Yue, Xiaobo Huang, Yang Yang and Hua Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:795
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Early identification of bloodstream pathogens and their associated antimicrobial resistance may shorten time to optimal therapy in patients with sepsis. The BioFire Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel (BCID2)...

    Authors: Anna Maria Peri, Weiping Ling, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Patrick N. A. Harris and David L. Paterson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:794
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antivirals have been approved for early therapy of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), however, in the real-life setting, there are difficulties to prescribe these therapies within...

    Authors: Vincenzo Scaglione, Salvatore Rotundo, Nadia Marascio, Carmela De Marco, Rosaria Lionello, Claudia Veneziano, Lavinia Berardelli, Angela Quirino, Vincenzo Olivadese, Francesca Serapide, Bruno Tassone, Helen Linda Morrone, Chiara Davoli, Valentina La Gamba, Andrea Bruni, Bruno Mario Cesana…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:793
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Publisher Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:883

  43. SARS-CoV-2 infections have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations whose causes are not completely understood. Some human conditions predispose to severe outcome, like old age or the presence of comorbiditi...

    Authors: Pavel Iša, Blanca Taboada, Rodrigo García-López, Celia Boukadida, José Ernesto Ramírez-González, Joel Armando Vázquez-Pérez, Alejandra Hernández-Terán, José Ángel Romero-Espinoza, José Esteban Muñoz-Medina, Concepción Grajales-Muñiz, Alma Rincón-Rubio, Margarita Matías-Florentino, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Edgar Mendieta-Condado, Gisela Barrera-Badillo, Susana López…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:792
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. In microbiological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) there is no consensus regarding the most suitable and optimal number of specimens to be cultured or the most effective technique of tissue p...

    Authors: Heime Rieber, Andre Frontzek, Stephanie Heinrich, Bertram Barden, Thomas Kortstegge, Thomas Dienstknecht, Andreas Breil-Wirth, Mathias Herwig, Jörg Jerosch, Ralf Pinkernell and Martin Ulatowski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:790
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Listeria monocytogenes is a causative agent of food poisoning and is also known to cause invasive diseases, such as bacteremia, meningitis, and encephalitis, in neonates, elderly and immunocompromised patients. H...

    Authors: Yuki Hatakeyama, Sho Nakakubo, Hirotaka Kusaka, Naomi Watanabe, Yukinori Yoshida, Hitoshi Shinzaki, Hiromitsu Hiroumi, Naoki Kishida and Satoshi Konno
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:789
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has high seroprevalence, and its active infection is associated with several adverse prognoses in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the role of acti...

    Authors: Zhihui Zhang, Rujian Li, Yubiao Chen, Jierong Zhang, Yongxin Zheng, Minmin Xu, Jiaqi Liang, Jiahui Li, Yongbo Huang, Yonghao Xu, Weiqun He, Xiaoqing Liu and Yimin Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:788
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread to millions of people worldwide. Preliminary data from organ tr...

    Authors: Aziza A. Ajlan, Tariq Ali, Hassan Aleid, Khalid Almeshari, Edward DeVol, Morad Ahmed Alkaff, Layal Fajji, Ali Alali, Dani Halabi, Sahar Althuwaidi, Saad Alghamdi, Asad Ullah, Abdulrahman Alrajhi, Khalid Bzeizi, Reem Almaghrabi, Kris Ann Hervera Marquez…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:786
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses are important global causes of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Luminex NxTAG respiratory pathogen panels (RPPs)™ (in...

    Authors: Sophie Jullien, Felicity Fitzgerald, Suzanne Keddie, Oliver Baerenbold, Quique Bassat, John Bradley, Jane Falconer, Colin Fink, Ruth Keogh, Heidi Hopkins and Marie Voice
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:785
    Content type: Research Published on:

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