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  1. Given the predominance of invasive fungal disease (IFD) amongst the non-immunocompromised adult critically ill population, the potential benefit of antifungal prophylaxis and the lack of generalisable tools to...

    Authors: Jason Shahin, Elizabeth J. Allen, Krishna Patel, Hannah Muskett, Sheila E. Harvey, Jonathan Edgeworth, Christopher C. Kibbler, Rosemary A. Barnes, Sharmistha Biswas, Neil Soni, Kathryn M. Rowan and David A. Harrison
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Inflammatory response following initial improvement with anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been termed a paradoxical reaction (PR). HIV co-infection is a recognised risk, yet little is known about other pre...

    Authors: Colin Stewart Brown, Colette Joanne Smith, Ronan Angus MacCormick Breen, Lawrence Peter Ormerod, Rahul Mittal, Marie Fisk, Heather June Milburn, Nicholas Martin Price, Graham Henry Bothamley and Marc Caeroos Isaac Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:479
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. This study responds to a rural community’s concern that, despite national initiatives, malaria management in young children falls short of national guidelines in their district. This study aimed to: (1) descri...

    Authors: Rosemin Kassam, Richard Sekiwunga, John B. Collins, Juliet Tembe and Eric Liow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:478
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Shigellosis is the major cause of bloody diarrhoea worldwide and is endemic in most developing countries. In Kenya, bloody diarrhoea is reported weekly as part of priority diseases under Integrated Disease Sur...

    Authors: Charles Njuguna, Ian Njeru, Elizabeth Mgamb, Daniel Langat, Anselimo Makokha, Dismas Ongore, Evan Mathenge and Samuel Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The presence of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of several severe infections, but data on its effect on treatment outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphyloc...

    Authors: Ozlem Equils, Christopher da Costa, Michele Wible and Benjamin A. Lipsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Data containing notified cases of disease are often compromised by incomplete or partial information related to individual cases. In an effort to enhance the value of information from enteric disease notificat...

    Authors: E. Amene, B. Horn, R. Pirie, R. Lake and D. Döpfer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:475
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The protective capacities of antibodies induced with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines can be directly assessed in vitro with a Hib-specific serum bactericidal assay (SBA). However, the conventional SB...

    Authors: Han Wool Kim, Kyung-Hyo Kim, JiHye Kim and Moon H. Nahm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:473
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Leprosy incidence has reduced in recent years in Brazil, although the disease still persists as a public health problem in some regions. To investigate the trends of selected leprosy indicators in Brazilian mu...

    Authors: Lucia R. S. Freitas, Elisabeth C. Duarte and Leila P. Garcia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:472
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID) and HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Characterizing spontaneous viral clearance of HCV inf...

    Authors: Daniel J. Smith, Ashly E. Jordan, Mayu Frank and Holly Hagan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. One of the main goals of the post-2015 global tuberculosis (TB) strategy is that no families affected by TB face catastrophic costs. We revised an existing TB patient cost measurement tool to specifically also...

    Authors: Susan van den Hof, David Collins, Firdaus Hafidz, Demissew Beyene, Aigul Tursynbayeva and Edine Tiemersma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:470
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the immunological function of vitamin D3, which activates macrophages, and vitamin D deficiency has been linked to tuberculosis risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) i...

    Authors: Qunying Hu, Zhengshuai Chen, Guinian Liang, Fangping Mo, Hengxun Zhang, Shilin Xu, Yuhe Wang, Longli Kang and Tianbo Jin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:469
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Brucella species occasionally cause spontaneous human abortion. Brucella can be transmitted commonly through the ingestion of raw milk or milk products. The objective of this study was...

    Authors: Shahzad Ali, Shamim Akhter, Heinrich Neubauer, André Scherag, Miriam Kesselmeier, Falk Melzer, Iahtasham Khan, Hosny El-Adawy, Asima Azam, Saima Qadeer and Qurban Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. One important aspect in combatting resistance to antibiotics is to increase the awareness and knowledge by epidemiological studies. We therefore conducted a German-wide point-prevalence survey for multidrug re...

    Authors: Nils-Olaf Huebner, Kathleen Dittmann, Vivien Henck, Christian Wegner and Axel Kramer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:467
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infections, especially in the elderly (≥65 years). The aim of this study was to quantify hospitalization costs for CAP in different age groups and i...

    Authors: Conrad E. Vissink, Susanne M. Huijts, G. Ardine de Wit, Marc J. M. Bonten and Marie-Josée J. Mangen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:466
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:702

  16. Antimicrobial resistance is driven by multiple factors. Resolving the threat to human and animal health presented by drug-resistant infections remains a societal challenge that demands close collaboration betw...

    Authors: Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Luke S. P. Moore, Fran Husson and Alison H. Holmes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:465
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Suppurative otitis media (SOM) is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. Cases of fungal suppurative otitis media were studied to establish the effect of fungi in o...

    Authors: Martha F. Mushi, Gustave Buname, Oliver Bader, Uwe Groß and Stephen E. Mshana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Gram-negative bacilli are a cause of serious infections in the pediatric population. Carbapenem are the treatment of choice for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but the emergence...

    Authors: Johanna M. Vanegas, O. Lorena Parra and J. Natalia Jiménez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Molecular techniques are used for rapid diagnosis of BSI, allowing early therapy and improving survival. We aimed to establish...

    Authors: Fabianne Carlesse, Paola Cappellano, Milene Gonçalves Quiles, Liana Carballo Menezes, Antonio Sérgio Petrilli and Antonio Carlos Pignatari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:462
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Cervical cancer remains an important cause of cancer mortality for Mexican women. HPV 16/18 typing may help to improve cervical cancer screening. Here we present the prevalence of high-risk human papillomaviru...

    Authors: Samantha E. Rudolph, Attila Lorincz, Cosette M. Wheeler, Patti Gravitt, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Leticia Torres-Ibarra, Leith León-Maldonado, Paula Ramírez, Berenice Rivera, Rubí Hernández, Eduardo L. Franco, Jack Cuzick, Pablo Méndez-Hernández and Jorge Salmerón
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:461
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is found worldwide. Infection with T. gondii during pregnancy can result in fetal and neonatal death or various congenital defects. A serological survey du...

    Authors: Fira Abamecha and Hasen Awel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Sustained civil and military conflict, resulting in large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDP), in combination with rapid urbanization has strained public health and sanitation within cities in Afghan...

    Authors: Mohammad Yousuf Mubarak, Abram L. Wagner, Mari Asami, Bradley F. Carlson and Matthew L. Boulton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Rapid molecular diagnostics, with their ability to quickly identify genetic mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical specimens, have great potential as tools to control mul...

    Authors: Sophia B. Georghiou, Marva Seifert, Shou-Yean Lin, Donald Catanzaro, Richard S. Garfein, Roberta L. Jackson, Valeriu Crudu, Camilla Rodrigues, Thomas C. Victor, Antonino Catanzaro and Timothy C. Rodwell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Patients with thymoma with immunodeficiency (TWI)/Good’s syndrome characteristically have evidence of combined immunodeficiency including low or absent B-cells, hypogammaglobulinemia and defects in T-cell medi...

    Authors: Sarah C. Sasson, Sarah Davies, Raymond Chan, Leo Davies and Roger Garsia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:457
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Appropriate antimicrobial prescribing is essential for patient care, yet up to half of antimicrobial prescriptions written in the UK are sub-optimal. Improving prescriber education has recently been promoted a...

    Authors: Myriam Gharbi, Luke S. P. Moore, Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Elpiniki Spanoudaki, Charlotte Grady, Alison H. Holmes and Lydia N. Drumright
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Crack cocaine use is known to contribute to poor adherence to antiretroviral medications; however, little is known about facilitators of or barriers to effective HIV treatment use among HIV-infected crack coca...

    Authors: Kanna Hayashi, Evan Wood, Thomas Kerr, Huiru Dong, Paul Nguyen, Cathy M. Puskas, Silvia Guillemi, Julio S. G. Montaner and Michael-John Milloy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:455
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Recognition of health disparities in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an initial step toward improved resource utilization and patient health. The purpose of this study was to identify health disparities ...

    Authors: Jacqueline R. Argamany, Andrew Delgado and Kelly R. Reveles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Evidence has existed for decades that higher doses of rifampin may be more effective, but potentially more toxic, than standard doses used in tuberculosis treatment. Whether increased doses of rifampin could s...

    Authors: Meredith Milstein, Leonid Lecca, Charles Peloquin, Denis Mitchison, Kwonjune Seung, Marcello Pagano, David Coleman, Elna Osso, Julia Coit, Dante Elmo Vargas Vasquez, Epifanio Sanchez Garavito, Roger Calderon, Carmen Contreras, Geraint Davies and Carole D. Mitnick
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:453
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Burden of Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is scarce in developing countries, still unknown in China. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of clinical cases of pharyngitis and GAS ...

    Authors: Shuangsheng Wu, Xiaomin Peng, Zuyao Yang, Chunna Ma, Daitao Zhang, Quanyi Wang and Peng Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Blastocystis sp. is the most common intestinal parasite of humans. Despite its potential public health impact, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and molecular subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. ...

    Authors: Dima El Safadi, Amandine Cian, Céline Nourrisson, Bruno Pereira, Christelle Morelle, Patrick Bastien, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Françoise Botterel, Ermanno Candolfi, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Laurence Lachaud, Florent Morio, Christelle Pomares, Meja Rabodonirina, Ivan Wawrzyniak, Frédéric Delbac…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of HIV and syphilis simultaneously has reinforcing effect on their control program because of their prevalent co-infection. Availability of a simple user-friendly two-pronged and ...

    Authors: Geeta Shakya, Dipendra Raman Singh, Hemanta Chandra Ojha, Chet Raj Ojha, Shravan Kumar Mishra, Karishma Malla, Puspa Chaudhary and Kiran Regmi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Healthy condition and chronic diseases may be associated with microbiota composition and its properties. The prevalence of respiratory haemophili with respect to their phenotypes including the ability to biofi...

    Authors: Urszula Kosikowska, Paweł Rybojad, Dagmara Stępień–Pyśniak, Anna Żbikowska and Anna Malm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The continuing circulation of MERS in the Middle East makes the international dissemination of the disease a permanent threat. To inform risk assessment, we investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of MERS glob...

    Authors: Chiara Poletto, Pierre-Yves Boëlle and Vittoria Colizza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea but the economic costs of CDI on healthcare systems in the US remain uncertain.

    Authors: Shanshan Zhang, Sarah Palazuelos-Munoz, Evelyn M. Balsells, Harish Nair, Ayman Chit and Moe H. Kyaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Leptospirosis is a globally emerging zoonotic disease and an important public health threat in developing countries. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is mainly based on clinical presentations in resource poor countr...

    Authors: Kanchana Bandara, Manjula Manoji Weerasekera, Chinthika Gunasekara, Nilantha Ranasinghe, Chamil Marasinghe and Neluka Fernando
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Scant information is available on the infectious causes of febrile illnesses in Armenia. The goal of this study was to describe the most common causes, with a focus on zoonotic and arboviral infections and rel...

    Authors: Lusine Paronyan, Eduard Zardaryan, Vahe Bakunts, Zaruhi Gevorgyan, Vigen Asoyan, Hripsime Apresyan, Alvard Hovhannisyan, Karo Palayan, Christian T. Bautista, Tinatin Kuchuloria and Robert G. Rivard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:445
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most important healthcare-associated pathogens. Colistin is regarded as the last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacter...

    Authors: Yi-Fan Hu, Chang-Pan Liu, Nai-Yu Wang and Shou-Chuan Shih
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) compromises Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL) with detriments to Physical, Mental and Social health domains. Treatment with interferon and ribavirin is associated with side effects ...

    Authors: Andrew Richard Armstrong, Susan Elizabeth Herrmann, Olivier Chassany, Christophe Lalanne, Mariliza Henrique Da Silva, Eliana Galano, Patrizia M. Carrieri, Vincent Estellon, Philippe Sogni and Martin Duracinsky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:443
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The therapeutic HIV-1 Tat protein vaccine is in advanced clinical development. Tuberculosis, the main AIDS co-infection, is highly endemic in areas where AIDS prevention through vaccination is needed. However,...

    Authors: Aurelio Cafaro, Giovanni Piccaro, Giuseppe Altavilla, Vincenzo Gigantino, Giuseppe Matarese, Erika Olivieri, Flavia Ferrantelli, Barbara Ensoli and Carla Palma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:442
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Dengue is a major health problem in tropical areas, including Taiwan. Dengue virus infection affects various types of cells and results in elevation of serum inflammatory molecules. Because these molecules may...

    Authors: Kuan-Ting Liu, Yao-Hua Liu, Chun-Yu Lin, Ming-Ju Tsai, Ya-Ling Hsu, Meng-Chi Yen and Po-Lin Kuo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:441
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. We investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated behavioural risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) attending a clinical service in Cape Town, South Africa.

    Authors: Etienne E. Müller, Kevin Rebe, Tobias F. Chirwa, Helen Struthers, James McIntyre and David A. Lewis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:440
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Clinicians lack objective tests to help determine the severity of bronchiolitis or to distinguish a viral from bacterial causes of respiratory distress. We hypothesized that children with respiratory syncytial...

    Authors: Darryl J. Adamko, Erik Saude, Matthew Bear, Shana Regush and Joan L. Robinson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:439
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The effect of previous natural pandemic H1N1 (H1N1 pdm09) influenza infection on the immunogenicity to subsequent inactivated influenza vaccination in children has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate t...

    Authors: Eun Kyeong Kang, Byung Wook Eun, Nam Hee Kim, Jung Sub Lim, Jun Ah Lee and Dong Ho Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Data on the prevalence of and factors associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis are limited. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and factors...

    Authors: L. Máiz, R. Girón, C. Olveira, M. Vendrell, R. Nieto and M. A. Martínez-García
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:437
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Malaria is still a major health problem in some parts of the world. Plasmodium falciparum is the common pathogenic parasite and is responsible for majority of malaria associated deaths. Recently the other benign ...

    Authors: Yohannes Demissie and Tsige Ketema
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Pasteurella multocida is a well-recognized zoonotic agent following dog or cat bites or scratches. Nevertheless, prosthetic joint infection caused by P. multocida are rarely reported.

    Authors: Estelle Honnorat, Piseth Seng, Hélène Savini, Pierre-Olivier Pinelli, Fabrice Simon and Andreas Stein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:435
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Diarrhea is the second most common cause of death among children less than 5 years of age worldwide. The etiological agents of diarrhea in the southeast coastal area of China were studied from July 2009 to Dec...

    Authors: Shufa Zheng, Fei Yu, Xiao Chen, Dawei Cui, Yongzhang Cheng, Guoliang Xie, Xianzhi Yang, Dongsheng Han, Yiyin Wang, Wen Zhang and Yu Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Candidemia is an increasing problem in tertiary care hospitals worldwide. Here, we report the first outbreak of candidemia caused by fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis (FRCP) strains in Brazil.

    Authors: Henrique Marconi Sampaio Pinhati, Luiz Augusto Casulari, Ana Carolina Remondi Souza, Ricardo Andreotti Siqueira, Camila Maria Gomes Damasceno and Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:433
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The experience of clinicians in charge of the in-hospital management of peritonsillar abscesses supports the association between severe forms and anti-inflammatory drug (AID) consumption. However, this observa...

    Authors: Thomas Feasson, Mathilde Debeaupte, Clément Bidet, Florence Ader, François Disant, Tristan Ferry, Christian Chidiac and Florent Valour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:432
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. With the development of invasive medical procedures, an increasing number of healthcare-associated infective endocarditis cases have been reported. In particular, non-nosocomial healthcare-associated infective...

    Authors: Hideharu Hagiya, Takeshi Tanaka, Kohei Takimoto, Hisao Yoshida, Norihisa Yamamoto, Yukihiro Akeda and Kazunori Tomono
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:431
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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