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  1. There is no consensus on the most accurate combination of diagnostic criteria to define community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We describe inclusion criteria in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of CAP and asses...

    Authors: Clara Flateau, Josselin Le Bel, Sarah Tubiana, François-Xavier Blanc, Christophe Choquet, Blandine Rammaert, Patrick Ray, Christophe Rapp, Cécile Ficko, Catherine Leport, Yann-Erick Claessens and Xavier Duval
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:607
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is the leading cause of illness among returning travelers seeking medical care. Multiple types of enteric pathogens can cause travel-acquired AGE and, while bacterial pathogens have...

    Authors: Lisa Lindsay, Herbert L. DuPont, Christine L. Moe, Martin Alberer, Christoph Hatz, Amy E. Kirby, Henry M. Wu, Thomas Verstraeten and Robert Steffen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:605
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  4. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as an important comorbidity for the development of tuberculosis (TB). With the increase of DM burden globally, concerns have been raised about the emerging co-epidemics of ...

    Authors: N. B. Hoa, P. D. Phuc, N. T. Hien, V. Q. Hoa, P. H. Thuong, P. T. Anh and N. V. Nhung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:603
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease worldwide, caused by spirochetes bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In Thailand, cattle and buffalo used in agriculture are in close contact with human beings. During...

    Authors: Sudarat Chadsuthi, Karine Chalvet-Monfray, Anuwat Wiratsudakul, Duangjai Suwancharoen and Julien Cappelle
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:602
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The increasing prevalence of macrolide resistant Mycoplasma genitalium is a major concern worldwide. In Cuba, several cases of clinical treatment failure with 1 g single dose and extended azithromycin regimen hav...

    Authors: Brian Arturo Mondeja, Javier Couri, Nadia Maria Rodríguez, Orestes Blanco, Carmen Fernández and Jørgen Skov Jensen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:601
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The new HIV treatment guidelines in China recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV, but significant gaps in implementation still exist. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can effectiv...

    Authors: Jinghua Li, Liping Peng, Stuart Gilmour, Jing Gu, Yuhua Ruan, Huachun Zou, Chun Hao, Yuantao Hao and Joseph Tak-fai Lau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:600
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Despite substantial advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the last decades, non-adherence (NA) continues to be a major challenge in the real-life treatment. To meet...

    Authors: Sabrina Mueller, Thomas Wilke, Vanessa Gorasso, Marc Erhart and Jens M. Kittner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:599
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. In most developing economies particularly in Africa, more people are likely to die of HIV/AIDS and malaria compared to other diseases. HIV/AIDS tends to be superimposed on the long standing malaria burden part...

    Authors: Isaiah Gwitira, Amon Murwira, Joseph Mberikunashe and Mhosisi Masocha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:598
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Clinical Rabies is a widely distributed almost 100% fatal viral zoonotic disease. Most human rabies cases occur in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa. It can be prevented by immunization, post...

    Authors: Endalew Yizengaw, Tamyalew Getahun, Wondemagegn Mulu, Mulat Ashagrie, Ibrahim Abdela and Mekuanint Geta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:597
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common curable sexual transmitted bacterial infection in the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa. There is nil systematic review and meta-analysis on Chlamydia trachomatis infect...

    Authors: Siraj Hussen, Demelash Wachamo, Zemenu Yohannes and Endale Tadesse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:596
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. American histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. A variety of clinical features of histoplasmosis have been commonly described ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pulmonary infect...

    Authors: C. Nabet, C. Belzunce, D. Blanchet, P. Abboud, F. Djossou, B. Carme, C. Aznar and M. Demar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:595
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  13. Hepatitis C Virus infection has been considered an important hidden pandemic in developing countries, particularly in Africa. It varies greatly from one region to another and even within districts of the same ...

    Authors: Mohamed A. Daw, Lutfi A. Buktir Ali, Amina M. Daw, Nadia E. M. Sifennasr, Aghnyia A. Dau, Mohamed M. Agnan and Abdallah El-Bouzedi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:594
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive neurological and inflammatory disease, associated with HTLV-1 infection. HAM/TSP neurological disease is a consequence of an...

    Authors: Doris Schor, Luís Cristóvão Porto, Eric Henrique Roma, Marcel de Souza Borges Quintana, Gustavo Milson Fabricio-Silva, Maria Gloria Bonecini-Almeida, Abelardo Queiroz-Campos Araújo and Maria Jose Andrada-Serpa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:593
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Several different IgA-proteases exist in Haemophilus influenzae. The variants have been suggested to play differential roles in pathogenesis, but there is limited information on their distribution in clinical iso...

    Authors: Fredrik Resman, Guillaume Manat, Victor Lindh, Timothy F. Murphy and Kristian Riesbeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:592
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. High retention (follow-up) rates improve the validity and statistical power of outcomes in longitudinal studies and the effectiveness of programs with prolonged administration of interventions. We assessed par...

    Authors: Noah Kiwanuka, Juliet Mpendo, Stephen Asiimwe, Julius Ssempiira, Annet Nalutaaya, Betty Nambuusi, Mathias Wambuzi, Brian Kabuubi, Annemarie Namuniina, Frederick Oporia, Annet Nanvubya and Ali Ssetaala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:591
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Men with urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are prone to genitourinary infections. Physicians should be aware of the current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in this populati...

    Authors: Bartosz A. Dybowski, Piotr Zapała, Ewa Bres-Niewada, Łukasz Zapała, Nina Miązek-Zapała, Sławomir Poletajew, Grażyna Młynarczyk and Piotr Radziszewski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:590
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of fungal infections attributed to Candida species worldwide, with a major shift toward non-albicans Candida (NAC). In this study, we have d...

    Authors: Lyn Awad, Hani Tamim, Dania Abdallah, Mohammad Salameh, Anas Mugharbil, Tamima Jisr, Kamal Zahran, Nabila Droubi, Ahmad Ibrahim and Rima Moghnieh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:589
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. With the expansion of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) services in Senegal, there is growing interest in using PMTCT program data in lieu of conducting unlinked anonymous testing (UAT)-based ...

    Authors: Ousmane Diouf, Astou Gueye-Gaye, Moussa Sarr, Abdou Salam Mbengue, Christopher S. Murrill, Jacob Dee, Papa Ousmane Diaw, Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Faye, Pape Amadou Niang Diallo, Carlos Suarez, Massaer Gueye, Aminata Mboup, Coumba Toure-Kane and Souleymane Mboup
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:588
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Successful treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in low-burden countries. This study measures treatment completion and determinants of non-c...

    Authors: Yvette Louise Schein, Tesfaye Madebo, Hilde Elise Andersen, Trude Margrete Arnesen, Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise, Hallgeir Tveiten, Richard A. White and Brita Askeland Winje
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:587
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Schistosoma mansoni infection has been associated with increased risk of HIV transmission in African women. This association might be causal or mediated through shared socio-behavioural factors and associated co-...

    Authors: Sergey Yegorov, Ronald M. Galiwango, Sara V. Good, Juliet Mpendo, Egbert Tannich, Andrea K. Boggild, Noah Kiwanuka, Bernard S. Bagaya and Rupert Kaul
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:586
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. In developing countries, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem and the leading cause of death among patients with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Until 2001, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was...

    Authors: Giselle Burlamaqui Klautau, Nadijane Valéria Ferreira da Mota, Mauro José Costa Salles, Marcelo Nascimento Burattini and Denise Silva Rodrigues
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:585
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The aim was to evaluate the value of organ-specific weighted incidence antibiogram (OSWIA) percentages for bacterial susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) collected from intra-abdominal infections (...

    Authors: Lianxin Liu and Yuxing Ni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:584
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Environmental cleaning practice plays an important role in reducing microbial contamination in hospital surfaces and contributes to prevent Healthcare Associated Infections. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) biolum...

    Authors: Tiziana Sanna, Laura Dallolio, Alessandra Raggi, Magda Mazzetti, Giovanni Lorusso, Angela Zanni, Patrizia Farruggia and Erica Leoni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:583
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by a persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). While most HPV infections are transient, persistent HPV infections are a significant health problem in Mexic...

    Authors: K. Torres-Poveda, M. Bahena-Román, K. Delgado-Romero and V. Madrid-Marina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:582
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in high risk individuals. However, the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis is highly dependent on...

    Authors: David Sidebottom, Anna Mia Ekström and Susanne Strömdahl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:581
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. According to the EASL and AASLD guidelines, the recommended treatment for patients who failed to achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR) on prior interferon-based triple therapy with protease inhibitors (...

    Authors: Ewa Janczewska, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Hanna Berak, Anna Piekarska, Andrzej Gietka, Dorota Dybowska, Włodzimierz Mazur, Teresa Belica-Wdowik, Witold Dobracki, Magdalena Tudrujek-Zdunek, Zbigniew Deroń, Iwona Buczyńska, Marek Sitko, Agnieszka Czauż-Andrzejuk, Beata Lorenc, Jolanta Białkowska-Warzecha…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:580
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Influenza A H1N1 infections carry a significant mortality risk. This study describes inpatients with suspected and confirmed Influenza A H1N1 infection who were prescribed oseltamivir, the risk factors associa...

    Authors: Talita Rantin Belucci, Alexandre R. Marra, Michael B. Edmond, João Renato Rebello Pinho, Paula Kiyomi Onaga Yokota, Ana Carolina Cintra Nunes Mafra and Oscar Fernando Pavão dos Santos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:579
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Seoul virus (SEOV) is a member of hantavirus family, which is transmitted to humans by Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. Diagnosing SEOV infection is difficult because the clinical presentations are often undi...

    Authors: Khie Chen Lie, Mochamad Helmi Aziz, Herman Kosasih, Aaron Neal, Caleb Leonardo Halim, Wahyu Nawang Wulan, Muhammad Karyana and Usman Hadi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:578
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Studies on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have focused primarily on the immunosuppressed population. Few studies have considered immunocompetent and not severely immunocompromised pa...

    Authors: Jianhua Hu, Hong Zhao, Danfeng Lou, Hainv Gao, Meifang Yang, Xuan Zhang, Hongyu Jia and Lanjuan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:577
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Since macrophages are one of the major cell types involved in the Mycobacterium leprae immune response, roles of the M1 and M2 macrophage subpopulations have been well defined. However, the role of M4 macrophages...

    Authors: Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa, Francisco Dias Lucena Neto, Mirian Nacagami Sotto and Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:576
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. To investigate the associations between the perceived barriers and benefits of using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis medication, including worries about the side effects, disliking taking drugs, perceived burden ...

    Authors: Ying Hu, Xiao-ni Zhong, Bin Peng, Yan Zhang, Hao Liang, Jiang-hong Dai, Ju-ying Zhang and Ai-long Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:575
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The enteric string test can be used to obtain a specimen for microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis in children, but it is not widely used for this. The aim of this analysis to evaluate this approach in ...

    Authors: Karla T. Tafur, Julia Coit, Segundo R. Leon, Cynthia Pinedo, Silvia S. Chiang, Carmen Contreras, Roger Calderon, Milagros J. Mendoza, Leonid Lecca and Molly F. Franke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:574
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis may prevent CMV indirect effects in renal transplant recipients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of valganciclovir and valacyclovir prophylaxis for CMV after renal tr...

    Authors: Tomas Reischig, Martin Kacer, Petra Hruba, Hana Hermanova, Ondrej Hes, Daniel Lysak, Stanislav Kormunda and Mirko Bouda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:573
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent diseases encountered by humans worldwide. The presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) harboring several virulence f...

    Authors: Yalda Malekzadegan, Reza Khashei, Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie and Zahra Jahanabadi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:572
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. HIV/AIDS patients who fail to respond to first-line treatment protocols are switched to second-line ART. Identifying factors that influence effective second-line treatment can improve utilization of limited me...

    Authors: Junli Chen, Min Zhang, Mingquan Shang, Weiwei Yang, Zhe Wang and Hong Shang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:571
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Viral load (VL) testing is being scaled up in resource-limited settings. However, not all commercially available VL testing methods have been evaluated under field conditions. This study is one of a few to eva...

    Authors: Bernhard Kerschberger, Qhubekani Mpala, Paola Andrea Díaz Uribe, Gugu Maphalala, Roberto de la Tour, Sydney Kalombola, Addis Bekele, Tiwonge Chawinga, Mukelo Mliba, Nombuso Ntshalintshali, Nomcebo Phugwayo, Serge Mathurin Kabore, Javier Goiri, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Iza Ciglenecki and Emmanuel Fajardo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:570
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease associated with occupations which exposed workers to environments contaminated with urine of infected animals. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalenc...

    Authors: Mas Harithulfadhli Agus Ab Rahman, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Rukman Awang Hamat, Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin, Mohd Nazri Shafei, Norazlin Idris, Malina Osman, Surianti Sukeri, Zainudin A. Wahab, Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad, Zawaha Idris and Aziah Daud
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:569
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E is a poorly studied genotype that almost exclusively occurs in African people. It seems to harbour intrinsic potential oncogenic activity and virological characteristics of i...

    Authors: José Ángel Cuenca-Gómez, Ana Belén Lozano-Serrano, María Teresa Cabezas-Fernández, Manuel Jesús Soriano-Pérez, José Vázquez-Villegas, Matías Estévez-Escobar, Isabel Cabeza-Barrera and Joaquín Salas-Coronas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:568
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Prior to the 2009 pandemic H1N1, and the unprecedented outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) caused by the H5N1 virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) called upon its Member States to develo...

    Authors: Evanson Z. Sambala, Tiwonge Kanyenda, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Anelisa Jaca and Charles S. Wiysonge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:567
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) has lowered the incidence of paediatric HIV globally. The risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) remains high in Africa, where there is a high pre...

    Authors: Mariama Mustapha, Victor Musiime, Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka, Joseph Rujumba and Nicolette Nabukeera-Barungi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:566
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. By 2014 although tuberculosis (TB) incidence had fallen by an average of 1.5% per year since 2000 and was 18% lower than the level of in 2000, 1.5 million people died for TB in that year. One of reason was tha...

    Authors: Tao Shi, Tongxin Li, Jungang Li, Jing Wang and Zehua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:565
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. There are randomized trials assessing a variety of antiviral drugs for hepatitis B virus (HBV), but the relative effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of patients co-infected with human immunodeficienc...

    Authors: Cho Naing, Yong Poovorawan and Kew Siang Tong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:564
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. In recent years, outbreaks of varicella have continued to occur, and the coverage rate of varicella vaccine in Jiangsu Province, China, remains unclear. This study aims to analyse the levels of immune antibody...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Wang Ma, Yuanbao Liu, Yong Wang, Xiang Sun, Ying Hu, Xiuying Deng, Peishan Lu, Fenyang Tang, Zhiguo Wang and Minghao Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:563
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Although HIV prevalence in Cambodia has declined to 0.6% among the general population, the prevalence remains high among female sex workers (14.0%) and men who have sex with men (2.3%). Over the past 10 years,...

    Authors: Heng Sopheab, Chhorvann Chhea, Sovannary Tuot and Jonathan A. Muir
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:562
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Toll-like receptor (TLR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with regulation of TLR expression and development of active tuberculosis (TB). The objectives of this study were to determine w...

    Authors: Ming-Gui Wang, Miao-Miao Zhang, Yu Wang, Shou-Quan Wu, Meng Zhang and Jian-Qing He
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:561
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized worldwide as a leading cause of hospital and community infections. Biofilm formation by MRSA is an extremely important virulence factor to be under...

    Authors: Ons Haddad, Abderrahmen Merghni, Aida Elargoubi, Hajer Rhim, Yosr Kadri and Maha Mastouri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:560
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the Netherlands, can lead to severe reproductive complications. Reasons for the sustained chlamydia prevalence...

    Authors: Daphne A. van Wees, Janneke C. M. Heijne, Titia Heijman, Karlijn C. J. G. Kampman, Karin Westra, Anne de Vries, Mirjam E. E. Kretzschmar and Chantal den Daas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:559
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  49. The prevalence and risk factors for persistent candidemia among very low birth weight infants are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of persistent candidemia over a 4-year peri...

    Authors: Jinjian Fu, Yanling Ding, Yongjiang Jiang, Shengfu Mo, Shaolin Xu and Peixu Qin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:558
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation with neurological involvement in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasingly rare since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Manifest...

    Authors: Pedro Palma, Andreia Costa, Raquel Duro, Nélia Neves, Cândida Abreu and António Sarmento
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:554
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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